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41.
There is increasing focus on designing liveable cities that promote walking. However, urban walking routes can expose people to adverse environmental conditions that reduce health, well-being and biodiversity. Our primary objective is to assess how urban form is associated with environmental quality, including biodiversity, for people moving through urban spaces. We assess a range of environmental conditions that influence human health and biodiversity (temperature, noise and particulate pollution) and biodiversity of three taxa (trees, butterflies and birds) along 700 m public walking routes embedded in 500 m x 500 m grid cells across three UK towns. Cells are selected using random stratification across an urbanisation intensity gradient. Walking routes in more built-up areas were noisier and hotter; noise levels further increased in areas with more industrial land-use and large roads. There was no evidence of vegetation mitigating noise or temperature, but there was some evidence that increased vegetation cover mitigated small particulate pollution. Walking routes in more built-up environments had lower butterfly, bird and native tree species richness, and reduced butterfly abundance. Large roads were associated with reduced bird species richness and increased noise was associated with reduced bird abundance. Most specific measures of vegetation in the surrounding matrix (median patch size, structural complexity at 1.5 m resolution) were not detectably associated with biodiversity along walking routes, indicating minimal beneficial spill-over. Increased garden cover in the surrounding matrix was associated with less abundant and less species-rich butterfly communities. Our results highlight considerable heterogeneity in the environmental quality of urban walking routes and pedestrians’ potential to experience biodiversity along these routes, driven by reduced quality in areas with more built cover. A greater focus is needed on mitigating adverse effects of specific features of the built environment (roads, industrial areas, noise) surrounding walking routes to enhance the co-benefits of more biodiversity and healthier conditions for pedestrians. 相似文献
42.
Substantial studies have revealed that exposure to green spaces (GSs) yields a variety of health benefits. However, daily GS exposure scenarios are multidimensional, and relevant analyses require a comprehensive framework that assesses GS exposure from overhead- to eye-level perspectives, focusing on GS attributes from quantity and proximity to quality. Moreover, GSs are often unevenly distributed across cities, resulting in green distribution injustice. To this end, this study aimed to systematically evaluate multiple GS exposures considering two-dimensional (2D) spatial exposures (i.e., quantity-based availability, distance-based accessibility, and quality-based attractiveness) and three-dimensional (3D) visual exposures (quantity-based street GS visibility and quality-based street GS perceivability). It then examined the inequalities in GS exposure among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Housing prices were employed as proxies for socioeconomic status. Local indicators of spatial association(LISA) were employed to examine the existence of bivariate statistically significant spatial clusters of housing prices and multiple GS exposure. Furthermore, the spatial lag regression model was used to determine inequities in GS exposure among urban residents living in communities with different housing prices. The Nanjing metropolitan area, one of the most densely populated cities in China, was selected as the study case. Residential exposure to GS was comprehensively assessed using a 15-min walkable zone lens. The results suggest that: 1) the spatial cluster of ‘low GS exposure – low housing price’ occupied the largest proportion; 2) all five types of GS exposure were positively associated with housing prices, indicating that the affluent groups are more likely to have access to various GSs; and 3) GS exposure inequalities are more pronounced in measurements of quality(and proximity) than quantity in both spatial and visual exposure metrics. These findings can inform the development of environmental planning and policy strategies for more effective, efficient, and equitable GS provisions that address health issues and green injustice in rapidly urbanizing cities. 相似文献
43.
Asima Yanty Siahaan Tanya Jakimow Yumasdaleni Aida Fitria Harahap 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2024,65(1):28-39
Women are under-represented in Indonesian legislatures, and those women who are elected are disproportionately from ‘elite’ backgrounds. This research sought to understand the conditions for women to succeed in politics in conditions of patriarchy and clientelist politics. Research in North Sumatera, Indonesia, revealed that many women did not make the conscious decision not to enter politics, but rather found that they had not established the required preconditions earlier enough in life. Patriarchal social norms and a transactional political culture frustrate women's ability to acquire these conditions, yet they are also subject to change. Interviews with women elected representatives and women who had never contested an election revealed three sites that are critical to women either acquiring the preconditions to contest elections, or frustrating that pathway: the household, the ‘community’ and religious/ethnic associations. We demonstrate how women's actions in these sites transform the conditions to make them more conducive to women's political participation. 相似文献
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45.
南漪湖环湖地区受到周边农业生产、圩区水产养殖及上游流域水量变化的影响,出现了水质污染、洪涝灾害、水土流失、水域及陆地生态系统之间缺乏良性互动、绿色基础设施功能单一等生态问题。鉴于生态护岸自身特征及其综合效益,文中认为可以通过构建生态护岸绿色基础设施综合体来解决南漪湖环湖地区的多种生态问题,在南漪湖现状分析研究的基础上提出了具有针对性的生态护岸类型和生态技术选择,并选取了较为典型的4个生态空间进行了生态护岸绿色基础设施综合体模式的构建,为生态护岸绿色基础设施综合体在我国风景园林建设中的应用提供了一种思路。 相似文献
46.
马众模 《安徽农业大学学报》2004,31(3):376-381
"数字安徽"的核心和基础是安徽省地理空间信息基础设施建设,地理空间信息基础设施是国民经济信息化的重要组成部分.作者从管理机制、网络建设、项目研究和数据资源等方面,回顾了安徽省地理空间信息基础设施建设方面所做的工作,分析了其存在的问题,提出了安徽省地理空间信息基础设施建设与发展思路. 相似文献
47.
以湖南省安化县为例,采用实证研究的方法对不同收入农民公共基础设施需求进行了横向与纵向的比较,分析了不同收入农民对公共基础设施需求存在差别的原因,并提出了相应的对策,以便于政府结合财政能力与农民的实际需要确定公共基础设施的供给,使农村公共基础设施达到最优的供给。 相似文献
48.
杜辉 《信阳农业高等专科学校学报》2011,21(4):57-61
当前农村基础设施建设进入高速发展期,但碍于长期积累的历史欠账,建设现状仍不容乐观,集中体现在对新时期农户设施需求的敏感性欠缺,多元投入主体尚未形成等方面,这决定下一步要积极构建多元供给机制,完善投入选择机制及健全后期管护机制。 相似文献
49.
黑河流域蓝绿水在典型年份的时空差异特征 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
蓝绿水研究目前主要集中在蓝绿水资源量及其时空分布评价方面,在流域尺度上考虑气候因素的蓝绿水时空差异研究甚少。本文选取中国西北干旱内流河地区的黑河流域,采用标准化降水指数(SPI)和降水距平指数(M)2个指标确定典型年份,并分析不同典型年份(干旱年、湿润年、平水年)的流域蓝绿水时空差异特征。结果表明:1)黑河流域的蓝水与绿水的合计深度从降雨量较高的上游到降雨量较低的下游呈现递减趋势;2)蓝绿水总量在湿润年份(1998年,252.72亿m3)明显大于干旱年份(1978年,167.73亿m3);3)绿水系数,即蒸散发占水资源总量的比例,在干旱年份(90.30%)明显高于湿润年份(85.41%)。同时,降水较低的年份(干旱年份)或地区(下游)绿水占水资源的比例明显高于降水较高的年份(湿润年份)或地区(上游)。黑河流域的典型年份蓝绿水数量与时空差异特征的分析可为探讨气候变化下蓝绿水演变及加强中国内陆河流域绿水资源管理提供参考。 相似文献
50.
在“两区域、两要素和两部门”模型的基础上,运用规范分析方法讨论了公共服务的市场接近效应及其对要素空间聚集(扩散)的影响,研究表明公共服务供给的变化会通过市场接近效应影响要素空间集聚(扩散),改变区域空间经济结构. 相似文献