非线性增长条件下一类非线性无穷多点边值问题的可解性

运用Leray-Schauder原理考察了二阶常微分方程边值问题x″(t)=f(t,x(t),x′(t))+e(t),t∈(0,1)x′(0)=0,x(1)=∑∞i=1aix(ξi)解的存在性,其中f:[0,1]×R2R连续,e∈L1[0,1],ai∈R,ξi∈(0,1)(i=1,2,…)满足0ξ1ξ2…ξn…1.     

Revisiting safe biological limits in fisheries

The appropriateness of three official fisheries management reference points used in the north‐east Atlantic was investigated: (i) the smallest stock size that is still within safe biological limits (SSB_pa), (ii) the maximum sustainable rate of exploitation (F_msy) and (iii) the age at first capture. As for (i), in 45% of the examined stocks, the official value for SSB_pa was below the consensus estimates determined from three different methods. With respect to (ii), the official estimates of F_msy exceeded natural mortality M in 76% of the stocks, although M is widely regarded as natural upper limit for F_msy. And regarding (iii), the age at first capture was below the age at maturity in 74% of the stocks. No official estimates of the stock size (SSB_msy) that can produce the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) are available for the north‐east Atlantic. An analysis of stocks from other areas confirmed that twice SSB_pa provides a reasonable preliminary estimate. Comparing stock sizes in 2013 against this proxy showed that 88% were below the level that can produce MSY. Also, 52% of the stocks were outside of safe biological limits, and 12% were severely depleted. Fishing mortality in 2013 exceeded natural mortality in 73% of the stocks, including those that were severely depleted. These results point to the urgent need to re‐assess fisheries reference points in the north‐east Atlantic and to implement the regulations of the new European Common Fisheries Policy regarding sustainable fishing pressure, healthy stock sizes and adult age/size at first capture.     

Is spawning stock biomass a robust proxy for reproductive potential?

Reference points based on fishing mortality (F) and spawning stock biomass (SSB) are a requirement of many fisheries management frameworks. SSB is assumed to be a proxy for stock reproductive potential (SRP). Limit reference points based on SSB are used to indicate the level of biomass below which productivity is affected. SSB fails to account for changes in fecundity, egg viability and sex ratio, and it has been argued that total egg production (TEP) provides a better reflection of SRP. We explore how accounting for TEP impacts limit reference points and evidence for a relationship between stock and recruit. Time series of SSB and TEP are compared for three North Sea stocks: cod (Gadus morhua), herring (Clupea harengus) and plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). Dynamics based on TEP are different from those based on SSB for cod and plaice, but the stock–recruit relationships were not ‘improved’ using TEP. Shifts in productivity (spawner per recruit) occur in all three time series and SSB underestimated uncertainty. Yet again, it was shown that assumptions of stationarity about fish population productivity are incorrect. We argue that the use of TEP does improve the realism in our understanding of stock dynamics, and demographically, more complex management strategy evaluation is required to develop management procedures that are robust to uncertainty and integrate F and the demographic health of a stock. Empirical feedback control systems based on fisheries independent indices including surveys of eggs, larvae, recruits, juveniles or spawning adults should be evaluated and compared to traditional approaches.     

蔬菜高效栽培技术要点

总结了蔬菜高效栽培的技术要点,高度重视蔬菜栽培的各个环节即品种、壮苗、栽培管理和贮藏加工。     

秸秆生物反应堆技术的形式及应用效果

详细介绍秸秆生物反应堆技术的主要形式及适用范围,根据相关文献总结其在蔬菜、马铃薯、果树种植中的应用效果,探讨技术应用中存在的主要问题及解决对策,为秸秆生物反应堆技术的推广应用及相关机械的研制提供借鉴。     

家兔超数排卵与早期胚胎发育研究

为了提高家兔繁殖力,使用不同剂量的FSH对家兔进行了超数排卵研究,结果表明：采用高剂量FSH处理母兔的平均排卵点数与平均卵泡发育数显著（P〈0.05）高于低剂量FSH组,两种处理方法的平均卵泡囊肿数与平均卵泡数则差异不显著（P〉0.05）。家兔早期胚胎发育观察结果表明：母兔交配后24h采胚所获取的胚胎大多处于1细胞期,交配后30h胚胎多处于2细胞期,交配后35h胚胎多处于4细胞期。采用52IU FSH进行超数排卵处理,对家兔的胚胎发育无影响。     

现行淤地坝设计洪水计算方法的适用性对比分析

[目的] 洪水是导致淤地坝水毁最根本的原因,深入探讨淤地坝设计中洪水分析计算方法,以期对其发展提供有益参考。[方法] 梳理现行淤地坝设计洪水计算方法,对比分析各种方法的适用特点。对理论性较强的推理公式法在淤地坝设计洪水计算中的适用性进行分析,总结其各类参数的物理意义,提出其运用要点。选取典型算例,研究比较各方法的计算特点及适用性。[结果] 洪水调查法可靠可行但受洪水资料条件限制,经验公式精度和应用具有地区局限性,两种方法均不宜较大范围应用;推理公式法具有一定理论基础和计算精度,且简单实用,具体运用中应注意淤地坝处于特小流域的特点,在计算流域特征值L和J时应判明最远流程中的坡面部分,在计算暴雨递减指数n时应选取由10—60 min的点暴雨n₁值,产汇流参数中μ偏大,m偏小,应在合理范围内相应的倾斜取值。[结论] 推理公式法应当作为淤地坝设计洪水分析计算中的首选方法,需关注淤地坝处于特小流域的特点,把握应用推理公式法的运用要点。     

一类带非局源的退化抛物方程组解的整体存在与爆破

讨论了一类非局部退化抛物方程组ut=vp1(Δ u+au∫Ωvq1dx), vt=up2(Δ v+bv∫Ωuq2dx)的解的爆破性质, 并利用上、 下解方法得到了解的整体存在与爆破的条件.     

桃蛀螟越冬老熟幼虫过冷却点测定

通过对桃蛀螟(Dichocrocis punctiferalis Guenée)越冬老熟幼虫和蛹过冷却点的测定,初步明确了寄主植物、幼虫体重、性别等因素对其越冬幼虫和蛹抗寒性的影响。取食玉米、高粱和向日葵不同寄主植物的桃蛀螟越冬幼虫的过冷却点差异不显著;幼虫体重与其过冷却点没有显著相关性;幼虫进入越冬状态越早,过冷却点越低;雌、雄越冬幼虫的过冷却点没有显著差异;蛹与越冬幼虫的过冷却点无显著差异;采自不同地区玉米植株上的5个地理种群的越冬幼虫过冷却点差异不显著。