外源性环核苷酸调控哈白兔血脂、血糖及血蛋白的动态变化研究

为了研究外源性环核苷酸对动物体内血脂、血糖及血蛋白的动态变化规律的调控作用,本研究以哈白兔为试验动物,通过注射外源注射环鸟苷酸、环腺苷酸及其等量混合物的腹腔注射液,研究了不同处理组4天内不同时间点动物血脂、血糖及血蛋白的动态变化规律。结果发现： cGMP单独处理后,血脂含量大幅度增加,平均增加了17.63％,而经过cAMP处理后的血脂含量有较小幅度的减小;cAMP单独处理后,血糖含量平均增加了1.79％,而cGMP单独处理后血糖含量明显增加,增加率超过了10％;经过cGMP,cAMP和混合处理后血蛋白平均增加率大约为5％左右。此外,cGMP对促进脂肪的合成代谢有明显作用,通过注射cGMP在10h内对血脂没有影响,10～21h对血脂的合成有显著促进作用,21h后血脂才保持一定的增加幅度;而cAMP对降解有较小作用,通过注射cAMP在45h以内对血脂有降解作用,而45～65h又转为合成作用,65h以后作用消失;注射CNT 6～21h时,糖异生作用促进了动物体内血糖含量的增加;注射CNT对血蛋白的作用不明显。这些主要代谢物质的动态变化规律为应用CNT调控动物体内营养物质代谢水平提供了有利的理论依据。     

无核葡萄种质亲缘关系的SRAP研究

为充分了解及更合理地利用无核葡萄的种质资源,辅助无核葡萄育种,本研究采用SRAP分子标记技术,对23 个国内外主流无核葡萄品种的种质亲缘关系进行分析。结果表明：从45 对SRAP引物中筛选出38 对多态性引物,共扩增出236 条谱带,其中171 条为多态性谱带,多态性谱带百分率为72.4%。遗传相似分析显示,供试材料间遗传相似系数的变化范围为0.58~0.90,遗传距离在1.0313~4.9643 范围内变化。在遗传相似系数为0.61 处,可将供试材料分为2 个大类群,在相似系数为0.66 处,Ⅰ类群和Ⅱ类群均可分为2个亚群。说明23个品种总体来讲亲缘关系较远,特别欧美杂种具有较高的遗传多样性,部分欧亚种品种间亲缘关系较近,杂交育种时应注意亲本选择。     

鸭血中SOD的提取及稳定性研究

为充分利用鸭血资源,以新鲜鸭血为原料,利用响应面分析法对鸭血中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的提取工艺进行优化,并初步研究了SOD在不同条件下的稳定性。结果表明,乙醇与氯仿的体积比4∶5,溶血球与沉淀剂的体积比1∶1,静置时间25.5 min,SOD比活为1 000.91 U/mg;在pH值4.0～6.0,50℃温度以下SOD具有良好的稳定性。     

饥饿对鲫鱼血液生理生化指标和流变学性质的影响

研究了饥饿对鲫鱼血液生理生化指标和流变学性质的影响.于21±1℃条件下,在室内水族箱内对鲫鱼进行了为期28d的饥饿实验,分别在饥饿开始后的0、7、14、21、28d取样并测定了其血液生理生化指标和全血粘度.结果表明血液中红细胞数和红细胞压积分别在饥饿后7d和14d内显著下降,而白细胞数和红细胞沉降率分别在饥饿后7d和21d内显著上升;鲫鱼血清中的血糖对饥饿特别敏感,在饥饿后7d内明显下降(P＜0.05),此后几周变化不明显(P＞0.05);总蛋白和白蛋白在饥饿后7d内均有所增加,然后下降;谷丙转氨酶活性在饥饿后14d内明显下降,甘油三脂和总胆固醇在饥饿后21d内明显下降;饥饿对鲫鱼血清钙离子浓度和碱性磷酸酶活性没有显著性影响.全血粘度值在饥饿后14d内下降,随后全血粘度值逐渐增加,到饥饿后28d时仍低于正常值.结果提示,饥饿对鲫鱼大部分血液生理生化指标和血液流变学性质有显著性影响.     

The genetic relationship between popping expansion volume and two yield components in popcorn using unconditional and conditional QTL analysis

Popping expansion volume (PEV) is the most important quality trait in popcorn, while its germplasm is inferior to normal dent/flint corn in yield. In this study, 259 F_2:3 families, developed from the cross between a dent corn inbred Dan232 and a popcorn inbred N04, were evaluated for their PEV, grain weight per plant (GWP) and 100-grain weight (100 GW) in two environments. The genetic relationship between PEV and GWP, and 100 GW on individual gene loci were evaluated using unconditional and conditional QTL mapping methods. In total, five, one and three unconditional QTL were identified for PEV, GWP, and 100 GW, respectively. The positive alleles of all QTL for PEV were from N04, while positive alleles of all QTL for GWP and 100 GW were from Dan232. In conditional mapping, one and two QTL failed to be detected, and all four additional QTL were detected. Nevertheless, three QTL were identified, which controlled PEV independently from GWP/100 GW. They seemed to be potential candidates in popcorn breeding to increase PEV without decreasing GWP/100 GW. The results suggested that for significantly correlated traits, the conditional QTL mapping method could be used to dissect the genetic interrelationship between traits at the level of individual QTL, as well as reveal additional QTL that were undetectable by unconditional mapping.     

盐渍化土壤剖面盐分与养分分布特征及盐分迁移估算

针对盐渍化灌区土壤盐渍化问题,以内蒙古河套灌区下游乌拉特灌域为研究区,通过野外实测与室内试验分析结合,采用冗余分析法探讨了盐渍化改良耕地与荒地春季（4月）和秋季（10月）根层土壤（0～20 cm、20～40 cm）盐分离子与全盐、pH值、养分之间的相关关系,明确了其变化特征与数量关系,并估算了试验区改良耕地和荒地间1 m土体的盐分迁移量。结果表明,改良耕地与荒地土壤阴离子均以Cl^-为主,分别占阴离子总量的45.27%、58.78%,阳离子以Na⁺为主,分别占阳离子总量的60.67%、53.94%。荒地平均全盐含量超过7.0 g/kg,土壤盐渍化程度较重。冗余分析表明,改良耕地土壤全盐含量起主导作用的是SO■、Cl^-、Ca²⁺,荒地土壤全盐含量起主导作用的是Cl^-、Mg²⁺、Na⁺。土壤pH值变化与HCO^-₃有着密切的关系。改良耕地有效磷与Na⁺呈显著负相关（P<0...     

家禽诊疗文本多实体关系联合抽取模型研究

针对传统实体关系抽取方法中主体特征与句向量难以有效融合、现有BIO标注策略难以有效处理重叠关系的问题,提出一种基于BERT和双重指针标注的家禽疾病诊疗文本实体关系联合抽取模型(Joint extraction of entity relationship of poultry disease diagnosis and treatment text,JEER_PD)。JEER_PD使用双重指针标注(Dual-pointer labeling, DPL)策略,建立头、尾2个指针标注器,一次性标注出所有实体的开始和结束位置;引入CLN(Conditional layer normalization)网络层,强化主体抽取任务与客体关系联合抽取任务之间的联系;利用概率平衡策略PBS对抗正负类标签类别失衡,以加速模型收敛。实验表明,JEER_PD准确率、召回率和F1分别为97.69%、97.59%和97.64%,3项指标较现有方法均有显著提升,说明JEER_PD能够快速、准确地抽取家禽疾病诊疗复杂知识文本中的实体关系三元组。     

Molecular identification and genetic analysis for 24 turf-type Cynodon cultivars by Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism markers

Bermudagrass (Cynodon ssp.) germplasm is genetically diverse and widely distributed in the world. The study was conducted to identify and assess the molecular variation and relationship among 24 cultivars developed in China, Australia and the USA. Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) was applied to cultivars identification in this study for the first time. Thirty of the 90 SRAP primer combinations generated a total of 274 clearly bands encompassing 249 (91%) polymorphic. Each bermudagrass cultivar has its unique binary code and can be distinguished from the others. Three distinct clusters were obtained by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages based on the polymorphic markers. Coefficients of genetic distance among the genotypes ranged from 0.57 to 0.97. The results demonstrated that SRAP marker is a stable molecular marker technique for the identification of bermudagrass cultivars and their genetic relationships.     

ISTR在部分柿属植物种质鉴定和亲缘关系分析中的应用

 利用反向序列标签重复技术( inverse sequence-tagged repeat, ISTR) , 对柿属7个种, 包括柿(Diospyros kaki Thunb. ) 、君迁子(D. lotus L. ) 、浙江柿(D. glaucifolia Metc. ) 、油柿(D. oleifera Cheng. ) 、金枣柿(D. sp. ) 、老鸦柿(D. rhombifolia Hemsl. ) 和美洲柿(D. virginiana L. ) 共32个基因型进行了种质鉴定和亲缘关系研究。结果表明: ISTR可区分供试柿属植物中的30份; ISTR能够很好地适用于柿属植物亲缘关系分析; 供试的中国与日本原产柿种质分别聚类; 新发现的中国甜柿变异类型与日本甜柿的亲缘关系较远且存在较丰富的遗传变异, 可能是潜在的育种资源。ISTR标记可在柿属植物种质资源鉴定和亲缘关系分析中更广泛地应用。     

血浆蛋白粉和血球蛋白粉在早期断奶仔猪日粮中的应用

综述了血浆蛋白粉和血球蛋白粉的营养特点以及在早期断奶仔猪生产中的应用效果,为这2种动物蛋白饲料的合理利用提供一定的理论基础。