家兔临床型乳腺炎病理模型的血液学检验

本试验选取16只3~4 kg健康泌乳家兔,通过人工造模的方法诱发其乳腺发炎,建立临床型乳腺炎模型。然后分别在造模前1 h和造模后4、12、24、36、487、2 h采集血液0.5 mL、血清1 mL,进行血常规、血生化检测和炎性细胞因子测定(ELISA)。结果显示:①外周血白细胞总数在造模后4 h显著高于造模前水平(P0.05),12~72 h内极显著高于造模前水平(P0.01);红细胞总数、红细胞压积、血红蛋白含量在造模前至造模后72 h内无显著差异(P0.05)。②血清磷离子含量、血清总胆红素含量、血清直接胆红素含量在造模前至造模后72 h内无显著差异(P0.05);血清钙离子含量在造模后4 h显著低于造模前水平(P0.05),12~72 h内极显著低于造模前水平(P0.01)。③血清TNF-α和IL-6含量造模后开始升高,12~72 h内极显著高于造模前水平(P0.01)。结果证明白细胞总数、血清钙离子含量、血清TNF-α和IL-6含量的变化可作为急性乳房炎炎症发展情况的指标。     

日粮大豆活性肽对仔猪生长和相关理化指标及抗氧化性能的影响

为了探讨大豆活性肽对仔猪生长性能、血液指标及氧化应激参数的影响,试验选取仔猪48头,随机分为2组,每组设3个重复,每重复8头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂用大豆活性肽替代2%豆粕的日粮。结果:添加2%大豆活性肽,20 d时,显著提高了仔猪粗脂肪、粗蛋白的消化率(P<0.05);血清总蛋白(TP)、血清白蛋白(ALB)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平略高于对照组;50 d时,大豆活性肽显著提高了仔猪干物质、粗灰分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、粗纤维的消化率(P<0.05),而且总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及TP水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05);全程试验组日增重均显著的高于对照组,料重比、腹泻率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),然而对尿素氮(BUN)和甘油三脂(TG)影响不明显。     

Efficacy of a mephentermine‐based product as a vasopressor and a cardiac performance enhancer when given intramuscularly to cattle

The goal of this study was to confirm the vasopressor and cardiac effects of POTENAY^® INJETÁVEL (POT), a mephentermine‐based product, given to cattle with induced vascular/cardiac depression. Ten healthy Holstein cattle (206 ± 13 kg) followed a randomized‐complete‐block design (RCBD) utilizing crossover study design. Each animal randomly received (1 ml/25 kg, IM) of either POT (n = 10) or volume‐matched placebo control (0.9%NaCl, CP, n = 10). A subset of animals (n = 5) received POT first (day 0) while the remaining (n = 5) received CP; after a six‐day washout period, cattle received the opposite compound. Animals were anesthetized and catheterized for systemic/left ventricular hemodynamic monitoring. Myocardial dysfunction/hypotension was induced by increasing the end‐tidal isoflurane concentration until arterial blood pressure was 20% lower than at baseline and remained stable. Once the animal was determined to be hypotensive and hemodynamically stable, steady‐state hypotensive baseline data (BL2) were acquired, and treatment with either POT or CP was given. Data were acquired post‐treatment at every 15 min for 90 min. POT improved cardiac output (+68 L/min, ±14%, p < 0.05), MAP (+14 mmHg, ±4%, p < 0.05), HR (+22 bpm, ±8%, p < 0.05), and peak rates of ventricular pressure change during both systole (dP/dt_max: +37 mmHg/s ±13%, p < 0.05) and diastole (dP/dt_min: +31 mmHg/s, ±7%, p < 0.05). No improvements were noted following placebo‐control administration. Results indicate that POT improves cardiac performance and systemic hemodynamics in cattle with induced cardiovascular depression when given as single intramuscular injection.     

DETECTION OF PORTAL BLOOD FLOW USING PER-RECTAL 99mTc-PERTECHNETATE SCINTIGRAPHY IN NORMAL CATS

This study reports data obtained from per-rectal ^99mTc-pertechnetate portal scintigraphy in normal cats. It examines the effects of chemical restraint and the methods employed in defining regions of interest (ROIs) on the shunt index derived from this data. Six normal cats were used for the study; all six were chemically restrained for imaging using propofol and later four of them were manually restrained for comparison. Portal blood flow was studied and the mean shunt index was found to be 5.9%± 3.9 when ROIs were operator defined and 9.2%± 4.4 when ROIs were defined using an isocontour program. In cats that were restrained using propofol and operator defined ROIs, the mean value for the time between detection of radioactivity in the liver and in the heart was 14 ± 1 seconds.     

粗酶制剂在大麦日粮中对产蛋鸡的影响

就粗酶制剂在大麦日粮中对产蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响进行了两次试验。按０．１％比例的酶制剂添加于含大麦２８．５％和５０％的日粮中,分别饲喂３３０和２４２日龄的产蛋鸡。结果添加酶制剂对鸡产蛋率无明显提高,而对每个蛋重和鸡蛋质量有所改善,同时使产蛋鸡外周血液中促甲状腺激素和生长激素显著提高,而使甲状腺素显著降低。     

膨化菜籽对肉鸡生产性能及部分血液生化指标的影响

试验选用160只21日龄的艾维茵肉鸡,随机分为5组,每组4个重复(栏),每栏8只鸡,在玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加不同水平膨化菜籽(2.0%、6.0%、10%和14%)。试验结果表明:(1)整个生长期膨化菜籽组与对照组相比,平均日增重、日采食量均有显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05),添加6.0%膨化菜籽组对肉鸡促生长效果最好;(2)膨化菜籽组与对照组相比,对肉鸡血清中白蛋白、尿素氮、碱性磷酸酶、总胆固醇和甘油三酯等生化指标没有显著性影响(P>0.05)。     

Evaluation of an electronic device used as a quick screening method to detect changes in the red cell content of the blood in horses participating in endurance trail rides

Dehydration, to varying degrees, will inevitably occur in horses participating in endurance trail rides. This water loss is directly related to the amount of body water lost through evaporative cooling, that in turn being related to the amount and rate of work performed, and to the environmental temperature and humidity.An electronic apparatus that can substitute for the conventional and time-consuming venous haematocrit was developed to measure the animals' hydration status. The mechanism of this electrometer is based upon the relationship between the red cell content and the electrical conductivity of the blood. The electrometer reading gave a significant correlation (p<0.001) with the venous haematocrit, thus indicating that the electrometer is a reliable apparatus for determining the animals' hydration status within seconds of venepuncture.     

对1／2和1／4野血牦犊牛生长发育的观测

１９９４～１９９６年在海南州赛什塘牧场对１／２和１／４野血牦犊牛的生长发育进行了观测。结果：１／２和１／４野血牦犊牛的初生重分别比家牦犊牛提高７．６５％和８．８６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）,１／２野血牦犊牛在初生时的体高、体长和胸围比家牦犊牛分别提高３．２１％,５．５７％,５．５１％;６月龄时分别提高９．５６％,１１．４６％,３．５９％;１８月龄时分别提高９．１８％,１７．５５％,７．６４％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

EFFECTS OF ACEPROMAZINE ON THREE-PHASE 99mTc-MDP BONE IMAGING IN 11 HORSES

Horses undergoing skeletal scintigraphy can have decreased radiopharmaceutical bone uptake in the limbs. This reduces the diagnostic value of the scan. The aim of the present study was to measure the changes in count density caused by vasodilatation and increased blood flow associated with intravenous injection of acepromazine during bone scintigraphy in normal horses. A three-phase bone scan was performed twice in 11 adult horses to study the effects of acepromazine on the count density of the resultant scintigrams. With acepromazine, there was a statistically significant mean difference of 12 s for initial blood flow and 21 s for peak flow. The time to initial blood flow and time to peak flow occurred earlier for the scans in which acepromazine was used. There were no significant differences in the bone to soft tissue ratios during the soft tissue and bone phases of the scan between procedures. Intravenous administration of acepromazine increases peripheral blood flow causing an earlier onset of the vascular phase during the three-phase bone scan. Acepromazine did not increase the count density of the bone phase scintigrams. As expected, the vasodilatation and increased blood flow associated with intravenous injection of acepromazine affected the count density of the vascular phase of the bone scan.     

添喂两种植物雌激素对奶牛乳成分、血液生化指标和抗氧化性能的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添喂两种植物雌激素及其组合物对奶牛乳成分、血液生化指标和抗氧化性能的影响。选取健康、年龄及泌乳期相近的40头荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为4组：1个对照组、3个试验组,每组10头。对照组饲喂全混合日粮,试验组在饲喂全混合日粮的基础上添加2.5 g大豆黄酮（试验Ⅰ组）、35 g芒柄花素（试验Ⅱ组）、1.25 g大豆黄酮和17.5 g芒柄花素（试验Ⅲ组）。预试期7 d,正试期120 d。分别于试验的第0、30、60、90、120天采集乳样,测定乳成分;颈静脉采集血液样品,3 500 r/min离心15 min,分离血浆,－20 ℃保存备用。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组产奶量、乳蛋白产量均显著提高（P< 0.05）;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组乳糖产量显著提高（P< 0.05）;试验Ⅲ组T-AOC显著提高（P< 0.05）;试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组GSH-Px活性显著提高（P< 0.05）;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组MDA含量极显著降低（P< 0.05）;乳脂产量、乳糖率及TP、ALB、GLB含量均无显著差异（P> 0.05）;CAT、SOD活性均有一定程度的提高。由此可见,日粮中添喂两种植物雌激素及其组合物能够在一定程度上提高荷斯坦奶牛的产奶量、乳蛋白含量和乳糖含量,能够提高奶牛机体抗氧化能力,增强免疫功能。