陆地棉与三裂棉、斯特提棉和A111种间杂种F1的形态与细胞学

本文研究了TM-1×三裂棉、江苏棉1号×斯特提棉、泗棉2号×Alll 3个种间杂种F_1的主要形态特征及花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ的染色体行为。3个种间杂种F_1的花器官性状大多趋向于父本野生棉,如花冠颜色、花心等;营养器官大多趋向于中间型,如叶色、叶形等。杂种F_1均表现高度不育。减数分裂中期Ⅰ的染色体构型依次为:13.73Ⅰ 12.52Ⅱ 0.03Ⅲ 0.04Ⅳ,28.03Ⅰ 5.38Ⅱ 0.07Ⅲ和33.26Ⅰ 2.87Ⅱ;其染色体组亲和性指数分别为0.9715、0.4192和0.2208。这一结果表明:(1)陆地棉与三裂棉的亲缘关系较近,与斯特提棉的亲缘关系较远,与Alll的亲缘关系更远;(2)泅棉2号×Alll的F_1染色体数为2n=3x=39,其染色体数x=13与棉属相同,其次因Alll原产于澳大利亚,形态上与纳尔逊氏棉、澳洲棉比较接近,因此推测它可能属于棉属的C染色体组种。     

小豆种子活力的初步研究

早熟、丰产、抗逆性强的小豆新品种的选育以及大田生产中选用优质小豆种子均需要了解种子的活力水平。本研究选用3个小豆品种的新、陈种子,应用电导率法和发芽法进行种子活力测定,结果表明:小豆种子试样间在电导率、发芽势、发芽率、幼苗生长量和活力指数等方面均存在差异。不同品种间种子活力水平表现为红小豆LSH1>绿小豆>红小豆8937;同一品种的活力水平表现为新种子>陈种子;电导率值与种子活力指数呈显著负相关(r=-0.8667)。本研究认为,电导率法是测定小豆种子活力的一种简便、快速、有效的方法。     

纤维粗度对浆张性能的影响

利用纤维质量分析仪研究针、阔叶木浆打浆后的纤维形态，观察打浆后的纤维粗度及测定手抄片的性能。结果表明，打浆能改变纤维的粗度，从而影响手抄片的物理性能和不透明度。     

NaCl 胁迫对芹菜生长、生理生化特性及品质的影响

通过研究NaCl胁迫对芹菜植株生长、生理生化特性以及品质的影响,以期为盐胁迫下芹菜品种的选用提供理论依据。选用西芹（京芹一号）、本芹（夏芹）和不同浓度NaCl（0,30,60,90,120 mmol／L）溶液为材料,通过盆栽试验,研究NaCl胁迫对芹菜植株生长、生理生化特性以及品质的影响。结果表明：NaCl胁迫可抑制芹菜的生长,株高、鲜质量、干质量随NaCl浓度的增加逐渐降低;芹菜叶片中的超氧化物歧化酶（ SOD）、过氧化氢酶（ CAT）活性及丙二酸（ MDA）、叶绿素含量均随着NaCl浓度的升高而升高,过氧化物酶（ POD）活性、可溶性糖含量随NaCl浓度升高而呈现先升高后降低的趋势;芹菜中Vc、纤维含量随NaCl浓度的升高而逐渐降低。盐胁迫对京芹一号生长、生理生化特性影响小于夏芹,京芹一号耐盐性大于夏芹。     

Ancillary data supply strategies for improvement of temperature-based ETo ANN models

The development of new and more precise models for reference evapotranspiration (ET_o) estimation from minimum climatic data is mandatory, since the application of existing methods that provide acceptable results is limited to those places where large amounts of reliable climatic data are available. The performance quality of empirical equations and their local calibrations is to be questioned in a large variety of climatic contexts. As an alternative to traditional techniques, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are highly appropriate for the modelling of non-linear processes, which is the case of evapotranspiration. Nevertheless, temperature-based ANN models do not always provide accurate enough ET_o estimations and their performance depends highly on the specific relationships temperature-ET_o of the studied continental context. This paper describes the performance improvement of temperature-based ANN models through the consideration of exogenous ET_o records as ancillary inputs in different continental contexts of the autonomous Valencia region, on the Spanish Mediterranean coast. The influence on the model performance of the number of considered ancillary stations and the corresponding number of training patterns is also analysed. Finally, this performance is compared with existing empirical and ANN temperature-based models. The proposed models can be used with high accuracy not only for infilling purposes, but also for estimating ET_o outside the training station. Concerning models which demand scant climatic inputs, the proposed model provides performances with lower associated errors than the currently existing temperature-based models, which only consider local data. The local performance of the model presents 0.084 of average absolute relative error (AARE). The external performance of the model presents 0.1072 of AARE.     

钾肥不同施入量对水稻产量及钾肥利用率的影响

以超级稻“盐丰47”为材料,采用小区对比试验方法,探讨了钾肥不同施量对水稻生育性状、产量及钾肥利用率的影响。结果表明,施人钾肥（K20）4．5kg／667m。的处理K1．5获得单产613．6kg／667m2,比K2、K3、Kl、K4、K0处理分别增产了0．1％、0．8％、1．1％、2．6％、2．7％;其单位面积有效穗数、颖花数以及干物质产量、齐穗后干物质积累量占籽粒产量的百分比、钾肥利用率均较高。试验条件下的适宜施钾量（I（20）为3．0-4．5kg／667m2。     

盐胁迫对松果菊生长及其菊苣酸含量的影响

为了探讨盐胁迫对松果菊生长及其药用成分菊苣酸含量的影响,分别以0、30、60、90、120和150 mmol?L-1的NaCl处理土培的松果菊植株,并测定处理后的松果菊盐害指数、鲜重、干重以及菊苣酸含量。结果表明：盐害指数随着盐浓度的升高而升高;120 mmol?L-1及以下浓度的NaCl处理对松果菊鲜重影响并不明显,而150 mmol?L-1时则使鲜重显著降低;随着盐浓度的升高,松果菊干重呈逐渐减小的趋势;菊苣酸含量随盐浓度的升高呈先升高再下降的趋势,在90 mmol?L-1时达到最大值;菊苣酸的单株产量在盐浓度为0~60 mmol?L-1时无显著变化,在90 mmol?L-1时显著升高,之后显著降低。盐胁迫虽然对松果菊生长产生了一定的盐害作用,但在一定的盐浓度范围内（0~90 mmol?L-1）也同时提高了菊苣酸的含量水平。     

宁夏杏、李子花期幼果期霜冻指标试验研究

霜冻是制约宁夏经济林果生产的主要农业气象灾害之一,探究不同果树霜冻指标可为果树霜冻预报、监测预警及果树霜冻灾害风险评估和灾害防御提供参考。本研究采用人工霜冻模拟箱模拟霜冻试验,对杏树、李子树开花期及幼果期遭受霜冻的临界温度及持续时间开展研究,结果表明：2个杏品种‘金太阳’和‘李梅杏’花期遭受霜冻的温度指标差异不大,-2℃为轻度受冻,-2~-3℃之间为中度受冻,＜-3℃持续时间大于1 h则为重度受冻。4个李子品种花期‘尤萨’的耐冻性较强,在-3℃下持续4 h仅轻微受冻,其他品种在-3℃下就会严重受冻,‘龙园秋李’的耐冻性最差,-3℃持续1 h受冻率就会达到50%。杏幼果在-2.5℃持续1~2 h为轻度受冻,3~4 h为中度受冻,小于或等于-3℃持续1 h及以上为重度受冻,2个品种差异不大。李子幼果的耐冻性差于杏幼果,‘尤萨’在-1℃持续3~4 h和-2.5℃持续1 h就会轻度受冻,-2℃和-2.5℃时持续时间大于等于2 h或者遇-3℃低温就会重度受冻。‘兰蜜李’-2℃和-2.5℃大于或等于3 h或者温度小于等于-3℃为重度受冻。     

Metabolite profiling of the response to high-nitrogen fertilizer during grain development of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Wheat yield and quality are dependent largely on nitrogen (N) availability. In this study, we performed the first metabolomic analysis of the response to high-N fertilizer during wheat grain development using non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Quality parameter analyses demonstrated that high-N fertilizer application led to a significant increase in grain protein content and improvement in starch and bread-making quality. Comparative metabolomic profiling of six grain developmental stages resulted in identification of 74 metabolites, including amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids and lipids/alcohol, which are primarily involved in carbon and N metabolism. Under high-N fertilizer treatment, numerous metabolites accumulated significantly during grain development. Principal component analysis revealed two principal components as being responsible for the variances resulting from N-fertilizer treatments. Metabolite–metabolite correlation analysis demonstrated that the high-N treatment group had a greater number of positive correlations among metabolites, suggesting that high-N fertilizer treatment induced a concerted metabolic change that resulted in improved grain development. Particularly, the high-N treatment-mediated significant accumulation of metabolites involved in the TCA cycle, starch and storage protein synthesis could be responsible for the improvement of grain yield and quality. Our results provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of wheat grain development and yield and quality.     

EBR对盐胁迫下玉米幼苗生理指标及抗氧化酶和水孔蛋白基因表达量的影响

以玉米自交系Mo17为材料,用不同浓度的EBR处理150 mmol/L NaCl胁迫的玉米幼苗,测定其叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和根系活力等指标,同时通过荧光定量PCR测定CAT酶基因和ZMPIP2-4基因的表达。结果表明,EBR处理后,玉米幼苗的POD酶活性、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量和根系活力增加,MDA含量降低。EBR处理浓度为0.1 mg/L时,可溶性糖、过氧化物酶和根系活力显著增加;EBR浓度为0.001 mg/L时,酶(CAT)基因的表达量有明显上升。EBR浓度为0.1 mg/L时,在生理层面可有效增加玉米抗盐胁迫的能力;0.001 mg/L时在基因层面可显著增加玉米幼苗抗盐胁迫CAT和ZMPIP2-4基因表达量。有效缓解盐胁迫的最适EBR浓度为0.1 mg/L。玉米幼苗抗胁迫基因表达后调控具体机理尚不清楚,需进一步探究。