Effects of lactulose supplementation on performance,blood profiles,excreta microbial shedding of Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli,relative organ weight and excreta noxious gas contents in broilers

This study was to evaluate the effects of lactulose supplementation on performance, blood profiles, excreta microbial shedding of Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli, relative organ weight and excreta noxious gas contents in broilers. A total of 720 ROSS 308 broilers with a body weight of 46 ± 0.1 g (1 day of age) were used in a 28‐d experiment. Broilers were randomly allotted to 4 experiment diets with 12 replicate pens and 15 birds per pen. Dietary treatments were as follows: NC, negative control (without antibiotic); PC, NC + 0.1% tiamulin; L1, NC + 0.1% lactulose; and L2, NC + 0.2% lactulose. Broilers were fed with phase 1 (1–8 day), phase 2 (9–18 day) and phase 3 (19–28 day) diets in the form of mash. During day 1–8, broilers fed the PC and L2 diets had higher (p < 0.05) body weight gain than those fed the NC diet. During day 19–28, broilers fed the L1 and L2 diets had lower (p < 0.05) feed intake than those fed the NC diet. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was decreased (p < 0.05) in L1 treatment compared with NC treatment. Overall, the FCR was improved (p < 0.05) in all supplementation treatments compared with NC treatment. The apparently metabolizable nitrogen in L1 treatment was higher (p < 0.05) than that in NC treatment at day 28. The excreta Lactobacillus was increased and E. coli was decreased in PC and L2 treatments compared with NC treatment at day 28 (p < 0.05). The excreta NH₃, H₂S and acetic acid contents were decreased (p < 0.05) in L1 and L2 treatments compared with NC treatment. The relative weight of abdominal fat of broilers fed the PC diet was lowest (p < 0.05) compared with other treatments. In conclusion, this study indicated that dietary supplementation of 0.1% or 0.2% lactulose could improve growth performance, decrease excreta E. coli and excreta NH₃ and H₂S contents.     

中药复方宫炎净注射液对奶牛子宫内膜炎部分血液学指标影响及毒性试验研究

选择新疆第八师某团已确诊为患子宫内膜炎的奶牛20头,观察宫炎净注射液治疗前后的部分血液学指标变化,并与健康对照组和未治疗组进行比较,考察宫炎净注射液的抗炎作用;通过小鼠口服和腹腔注射宫炎净注射液进行急性毒性试验,观察给药后小鼠的临床症状和病理变化,考察宫炎净注射液的临床毒性.试验结果显示,使用宫炎净注射液治疗后,奶牛血液中的红细胞总数、血红蛋白含量和淋巴细胞数量均有所上升,白细胞总数和粒细胞数有所下降;2个疗程后,中药治疗组奶牛的部分血液学指标均接近正常水平,与正常对照组无显著性差异;毒性试验显示,用药后小白鼠临床表现和剖检均无异常情况。结果表明,中药复方宫炙净注射液安全无毒。     

车前草多糖对雏鸡血液生理生化指标和免疫器官发育的影响

为了研究车前草多糖对雏鸡血液生理生化指标和免疫器官发育的影响,笔者开展了本试验。选择1日龄未免疫白罗曼蛋公鸡100只,随机分为2组(每组50只),即车前草多糖灌喂组和生理盐水对照组。分别于给药后5、10、15、20、28d,每组随机抽取3只鸡,翼下静脉采血并剖杀,采集免疫器官(胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊),进行生理生化指标和免疫器官脏器指数测定及免疫器官组织学观察。试验结果表明,车前草多糖能显著刺激雏鸡的红细胞和白细胞生成,并能显著促进雏鸡免疫器官的发育。     

激动素对菊花花瓣衰老生理的影响

[目的]探究激动素（KT）对菊花花瓣生理活动的影响,为延缓菊花花瓣（舌状花）衰老、提高观赏价值提供参考依据.[方法]在秋菊“圣光华宝”品种从定头到花蕾出现期,以10、20、40 mg/L的KT溶液进行全株喷雾处理,测定菊花花瓣中可溶性糖与可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力、超氧阴离子自由基（O2）产生速率、丙二醛（MDA）含量和花瓣浸出液相对电导率（REC）等生理生化指标.[结果]10和20 mg/L KT处理提高了菊花花期花瓣中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量及SOD活力,降低了C2产生速率、MDA含量和花瓣浸出液REC.其中,20 mg/L KT处理花瓣中的可溶性糖含量和SOD活力在开花第21d比对照（喷蒸馏水）分别增加37.1％和31.5％,O2产生速率、MDA含量在开花第6d比对照分别降低32.4％和38.5％,均达极显著差异水平;可溶性蛋白含量在开花第21 d比对照增加25.3％,花瓣浸出液REC在开花第16d比对照降低33.1％,均达显著差异水平.[结论]适宜的KT处理对延缓菊花“圣光华宝”品种花瓣细胞衰老起积极作用,且以20 mg/L KT的处理效果较佳.     

鳗鲡血液细胞的研究

本文通过鳗鲡血液有形成份Ｗｒｉｇｈｔ染色并进行显微分析，辩识其红血细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱生粒细胞、小淋巴细胞、单核细胞和血栓细胞并加以分析。     

Pubertal development of male African catfish,Clarias gariepinus. In vitro steroidogenesis by testis and interrenal tissue and plasma levels of sexual steroids

In fish, sex steroids initiate and/or accelerate the maturation of the brain-pituitary-gonad axis. In order to obtain information on the steroid milieu during the pubertal development of male African catfish, we have monitored the conversion of [³H]-pregnenolone and [³H]-androstenedione by testis and [³H]-pregnenolone by interrenal tissue fragmentsin vitro. Pubertal development occurs between two and six months of age. Testicular development proceeds through four main stages that are characterised histologically by the presence of spermatogonia (stage I), spermatogonia and spermatocytes (stage II), spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids (stage III), and all germ cells including spermatozoa (stage IV). 11β-Hydroxyandrostenedione and cortisol were the main products of testes and interrenal tissue, respectively, in all stages of the pubertal development; a change in the steroidogenic pattern was not observed during this period. The interrenal tissue displayed no significant conversion of [³H]-pregnenolone to 11-oxygenated androgens. Blood plasma was analyzed for the presence of five androgens; testosterone, 11β-hydroxytestosterone, 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione, androstenetrione, and 11-ketotestosterone. 11-Ketotestosterone was the quantitatively dominating androgen in the circulation at all stages of development, which was more pronounced in stages III and IV. The obvious differences between thein vitro andin vivo results, namely 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione being the main testicular productvs. 11-ketotestosterone dominating in the blood, may indicate that 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione is converted to 11-ketotestosterone at extratesticular sites.     

Blood oxygen transport and hemoglobin function in three tropical fish species from northern Australian freshwater billabongs

The oxygen binding properties of whole blood and hemoglobin were studied in three phylogenetically distant tropical teleosts inhabiting freshwater billabongs that exhibit marked seasonal oxygen stratification. The water breathing saratoga (Scleropages jardinii, Family Osteoglossidae), derived from an ancient divergence of the stem line leading to all other extant teleosts, has a low blood oxygen carrying capacity, Bohr and Root effect, and a high blood oxygen affinity. Erythrocytes contain a single major hemoglobin component, and equimolar concentrations of ATP and GTP. The tarpon (Megalops cyprinoides, Family Megalopidae), a facultative air-breather, has the highest blood oxygen carrying capacity and Bohr effect, and a low blood oxygen affinity and Root effect. Erythrocytes contain a single major hemoglobin and ATP as a putative regulator of hemoglobin oxygen affinity. Barramundi (Lates calcarifer, Family Centropomidae), is an obligate water-breather with intermediate blood oxygen binding properties, and the smallest Root effect. Erythrocytes contain at least 7 hemoglobins, and equimolar concentrations of ATP and GTP. Functional properties of these three blood oxygen transport systems are considered in terms of the respiratory environment and demand for oxygen. Our interpretation supports the hypothesis that the process of speciation can lead to divergence in physiological mechanisms, irrespective of past or present selection pressures.     

不同饲粮粗蛋白质水平对20～35kg淮猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

为研究不同饲粮粗蛋白质水平对20~35 kg淮猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响,选择48头遗传背景相似、初始体重约20 kg的淮猪,按随机区组设计分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复4头淮猪,公母各半。3个试验组等能量水平下（12.78 MJ/kg）分别饲喂低（14.53%）、中（15.55%）、高（16.62%）3种不同粗蛋白质水平的饲粮。猪体重达35 kg左右结束试验。饲养试验共49 d,其中预试期7 d,正试期42 d。结果显示,日采食量,中等蛋白质组分别比低蛋白质组和高蛋白质组高8.55%和5.77%;日增重,低蛋白质组和中等蛋白质组相同,均比高蛋白质组高9.09%;料重比,低蛋白质组分别比中等蛋白质组和高蛋白质组低4.19%和8.63%。血清尿素氮含量,低蛋白质组分别比中等蛋白质组和高蛋白质组低16.25%（P〈0.05）和11.96%（P〉0.05）,说明低蛋白质组猪对饲料蛋白质的利用率高于中等蛋白质组和高蛋白质组;中等蛋白质组血清中葡萄糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯含量略低于其它试验组,而血清总蛋白、球蛋白含量略高于其它试验组;低、中、高蛋白质组血清中白蛋白含量依次递减。本试验结果表明,20~35 kg淮猪饲粮蛋白质适宜水平为14.53%。