尿素对鲤鱼生理指标的影响

在鲤鱼配合饲料中添加一定量的尿素，与对照组相比，鲤鱼血氨的质量浓度无显著性差异，血液中尿素质量浓度也无显著性差异，但在0．1水平上有差异。试验组与对照组血浆必需氨基酸指数分别为93．80和96．48，化学分分别为45．27和49．84。蛋氨酸、赖氨酸和精氨酸为共同的限制性氨基酸，而亮氨酸大大高于标准氨基酸的需要量。     

非淀粉多糖复合酶制剂对断奶仔猪血液指标的影响

选用120头平均体重为(8.1±0.2)kg的PIC断奶仔猪,采用单因素完全随机化试验设计,研究在饲料中添加复合酶对断奶仔猪血液指标的影响。试验共设5个处理组,每个处理4个重复,每个重复6头猪。试验期为28 d,分为前期(1～14 d)和后期(15～28 d)两个阶段。结果表明:非淀粉多糖复合酶组能显著提高断奶仔猪前期血糖、总蛋白的含量(P<0.05);提高后期断奶仔猪血糖、总蛋白和免疫球蛋白A的含量(P<0.05),复合酶Ⅱ效果好于复合酶Ⅰ。     

Presumed immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia in two foals with Rhodococcus equi infection

Objective – To describe the clinical presentation, case management, and outcome in 2 foals with Rhodococcus equi infection associated with presumptive severe immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia. Series Summary – Two foals diagnosed with R. equi pneumonia on the basis of tracheal wash cultures, thoracic radiographs, and thoracic ultrasonography were concurrently diagnosed with hemolytic anemia. Both foals required whole blood transfusions, and were treated with the antimicrobial combination of rifampin and a macrolide (eg, clarithromycin, erythromycin, or azithromycin). Dexamethasone was used to prevent further hemolysis in both foals, and to treat acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome in 1 of the foals. Both foals survived, and required prolonged antimicrobial therapy. New or Unique Information Provided – Although extra‐pulmonary disorders are commonly diagnosed in foals infected with R. equi, hemolytic anemia is rarely described. Dexamethasone is considered the treatment of choice for immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia, but may be contra‐indicated in foals with severe bacterial infections. In these foals, a relatively low dose and short duration of dexamethasone was utilized in an attempt to minimize immune suppression, although early discontinuation in 1 foal precipitated a second hemolytic crisis.     

干旱胁迫对银杏衰老期叶片生理生化特性的影响

以银杏5 a生盆栽实生苗为材料,通过自然干旱处理,研究干旱对银杏衰老期叶片部分生理指标的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,处理组叶绿素含量下降;电导率和MDA含量上升;SOD和CAT的活力先上升后下降;脯氨酸逐渐积累,可溶性蛋白含量呈现先上升后下降的趋势。说明随着干旱胁迫的加剧,引起了膜脂氧化加剧,加快了银杏叶片的衰老。     

Chemerin fragments show different effects on systemic blood pressure dependent on carboxyl-terminal cleavage site

Chemerin is an adipocytokine whose concentration in blood correlates positively with blood pressure (BP). We have recently revealed that acute intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of chemerin-9, an active fragment of human chemerin, increased systemic BP in normal Wistar rats, suggesting that chemerin is involved in the central nervous control of peripheral BP. After secreted as an inactive form as prochemerin, a mature form of active chemerin is produced through the cleavage of its carboxyl (C)-terminus by proteases. Although the activity of cleaved products of chemerin has been examined in vitro, in vivo effects remained to be elusive. In order to explore them, we performed acute i.c.v. injection of mouse chemerin-9 (mChemerin-9; 148F-156S), mouse chemerin-8 (mChemerin-8; 148F-155F), and mouse chemerin-7 (mChemerin-7; 148F-154A) into Wistar rats, and examined the effects on systemic BP. After chemerin fragment (1–30 nmol/head, i.c.v.) was cumulatively administered, systemic BP was measured by a cannulation method under an isoflurane anesthesia. mChemerin-9 but not mChemerin-8 and -7 induced a pressor response, which was concentration-dependent. In conclusion, we for the first time demonstrated that mChemerin-9 that corresponds to the C-terminal nine amino acids of active mouse chemerin156S increased systemic BP in rats, and also that chemerin fragments showed different effects on systemic BP dependent on how their C-terminus was cleaved.     

镉对苗期高羊茅的形态和生理影响

以20份高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea）品种为试验材料,通过测量其形态指标,运用标准差系数赋予权重法,对其进行综合评价。结果筛选出耐镉性较强的高羊茅材料M15和M8,分别采自美国的猎狗5和荷兰的巴弗斯;耐镉性较差的高羊茅材料M5和M11,分别采自荷兰的米斯特拉尔和来自日本的法恩。在此基础上,采用分光光度法,测定了这4份材料的生理指标,过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、叶绿素和脯氨酸（Pro）含量的变化,进一步研究了他们的生理反应。结果表明,随着镉浓度的升高,耐镉性较强的高羊茅材料猎狗5与和巴弗斯POD和CAT含量一直呈上升趋势,而耐镉性较差的材料米斯特拉尔和法恩POD和CAT含量则呈现先升后降的趋势。随着镉浓度的升高,不同材料的叶绿素含量呈下降趋势,不同材料的脯氨酸含量则呈不断上升趋势。     

灌浆期干旱胁迫对小麦西农106部分生理指标、产量及品质的影响

为了解小麦品种‘西农106’灌浆期的抗旱性,以小麦品种‘周麦18’为对照,通过盆栽称重控水模拟干旱环境,比较分析正常供水、中度干旱胁迫和重度干旱胁迫处理下小麦的旗叶面积、SPAD值、荧光、抗氧化酶活性等抗旱生理指标及产量和品质的差异。结果表明,与正常供水处理相比,在重度干旱处理下两个品种的旗叶面积、SPAD值、荧光参数（F_v/F_m、Φ_PSⅡ和qP）均显著降低,其中‘西农106’的Φ_PSⅡ和qP降低幅度更小;在重度干旱处理下,两个品种旗叶MDA含量、抗氧化酶活性、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量均显著升高。重度干旱胁迫后,‘周麦18’和‘西农106’的千粒质量和产量均显著下降,其中千粒质量降幅分别为 41.96%和35.33%,产量降幅分别为40.43%和42.53%。重度干旱胁迫显著降低小麦籽粒淀粉含量和吸水率,显著提高籽粒蛋白含量、湿面筋含量、体积质量、稳定时间和沉降值。中度干旱胁迫对两个品种生理、产量和品质的影响较小,以上指标变化基本上表现不显著。综合来看,在荧光特性和产量性状方面‘西农106’品种表现出较好的抗旱性。     

栉孔扇贝夏季大规模死亡的神经网络预测模型

为了比较3种扇贝血液中的K⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺和Cl⁻浓度,血氧(pO₂)和血二氧化碳(pCO₂)气体分压及血液酸碱度（pH）的差异情况,实验利用血气分析仪对栉孔扇贝、虾夷扇贝和海湾扇贝的血液生理指标进行测定。结果显示,扇贝的血液生理指标呈现显著的物种差异,其中栉孔扇贝血液的K⁺浓度[(15.74±1.47) mmol/L]、Na⁺浓度[(388.07±11.38) mmol/L]、Cl⁻浓度[(462.43±6.88) mmol/L]和pO₂ [(140.13±15.35) mmHg]最高。此外,栉孔扇贝和虾夷扇贝的Ca²⁺浓度和pCO₂含量较高,而海湾扇贝的pH最高。对相同月龄不同大小栉孔扇贝血液指标进行比较,发现栉孔扇贝的血液pH值与其壳高呈正相关(r=0.611),而生理指标与壳高呈负相关。随着温度的升高,栉孔扇贝血液的Ca²⁺浓度显著增加,而pO₂显著下降,K⁺、Na⁺和Cl⁻浓度先升高后恢复到初始水平,而pH和pCO₂保持相对稳定。研究结果为贝类血液生理研究提供参考,也为贝类生理状态的评估提供了一种新的思路与方法。     

巴马小型猪在辽宁地区的适应性观察及血液生理生化指标检测

从广西巴马瑶族自治县引进巴马小型猪20头,进行饲养繁殖,观察其在东北环境下的适应性及血液生理生化指标的变化.经过2年的观察与检验,证实引进的巴马小型猪适应性良好,繁殖性能正常,性成熟期为2～3月龄,妊娠期为114～120 d,初产仔猪数为3～7头,经产仔猪数为5～10头,产仔猪数与母猪体重呈正相关(R²=0.96).血液生理生化指标检测结果显示,与巴马原种厂提供的数据相比,白细胞数(WBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、尿素(Urea)、肌酐(Cr)、磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、葡萄糖定量试验(GLU)、总胆固醇(T-Ch)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆碱酯酶(CHS)、Na、Cl、淀粉酶(AMS)和二氧化碳结合力(CO₂CP)均有显著差异(P<0.05),其余指标差异均不显著(P>0.05).结果表明由辽宁省饲养并繁殖的巴马小型猪的血液生理生化指标与人类具有一定的相似性,可以为辽宁地区试验应用巴马小型猪提供参考依据.