日粮中添加不同比例的牧站1号王草益生菌发酵饲料对黑猪生产性能及养殖效益的影响

旨在研究5种比例的牧站1号王草益生菌发酵饲料对黑猪生产性能及养殖效益的影响。选择体重相近、健康状况良好的二元杂黑猪180头,随机分为6组,每组3次重复,每个重复10头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组分别在基础日粮中添加10%、20%、30%、40%、50%牧站1号王草益生菌发酵饲料。饲喂试验预试期7 d,正试期60 d,计算并比较各组试验猪平均日增重、平均日采食量、腹泻率、屠宰率及养殖毛利润。试验结果表明：试验组与对照组比较,Ⅲ组试验猪平均日增重差异不显著（P>0.05）,其他试验组试验猪平均日增重差异显著（P<0.05）,最高为Ⅱ组（865.24 g/头）,高于对照组23.24%,其次是Ⅰ组（839.33 g/头）,高于对照组19.55%,最低为Ⅴ组（552.51 g/头）,低于对照组21.31%;平均日采食量最大为Ⅴ组（3.35 kg/头）,最小的为对照组（2.30 kg/头）,各试验组与对照组比较,差异显著（P<0.05）;屠宰率方面,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组差异不显著（P>0.05）,Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组差异显著（P<0.05）,屠宰率随着牧站1号王草益生菌发酵饲料添加量的增加呈降低趋势,最高为对照组,最低为Ⅴ组;毛利润最高的为Ⅱ组（21 259.0元）,最低的为Ⅴ组（10 325.7元）。育肥黑猪日粮中添加 20%牧站1号王草益生菌发酵饲料生产性能及经济指标影响效果最佳。     

Reclassification of an isolate of Guignardia citricarpa from New Zealand as Guignardia mangiferae by sequence analysis

Citrus black spot was recorded as present in New Zealand in international databases on the basis of one isolate (ICMP 8336) identified by morphological features as Guignardia citricarpa . This isolate was from a soft rot, not a typical symptom of citrus black spot, on a Seminole tangerine fruit grown in the northern region of New Zealand. Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1, 5·8S and ITS2) showed that this isolate was 99% identical to the ITS region of G. mangiferae , a closely related saprotroph. Despite climatic conditions being suitable for this disease, citrus black spot symptoms have never been seen on citrus fruits grown in New Zealand. Thus the absence of symptoms on citrus in New Zealand is probably because G. citricarpa is not present. On the basis of these results, the record of citrus black spot occurring in New Zealand should be re-examined.     

超高效液相色谱串联飞行时间质谱法检测黑水虻产品中黄曲霉毒素B1

本研究建立了黑水虻产品中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)的超高效液相色谱串联四级杆飞行时间质谱测定方法,对黑水虻幼虫粉中AFB1的提取、超高效液相色谱串联质谱检测条件进行了优化。使用甲醇-水溶液(8:2,体积比),添加7%氯化钠对黑水虻幼虫粉中AFB1进行提取,免疫亲和柱净化,甲醇-乙酸铵(10 mmol/L)水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源(ESI)正离子模式检测,7.0 min出峰。结果表明:AFB1在1~20μg/kg浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.999,幼虫粉回收率为83.1%~118.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为6%~10%;虫粪回收率为76.6%~114.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0~3%;检出限(LOD,S/N≥3)为0.01μg/kg,定量限(LOQ,S/N≥10)为0.05μg/kg。该方法操作简单、结果准确,可以用于黑水虻幼虫粉和虫粪产品中AFB1的检测。     

二斑叶螨对阿维菌素的抗药性及抗性基因的PASA检测技术

为了明确二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae Koch对阿维菌素的抗性水平,采用玻片浸渍法测定了北京4个地区二斑叶螨雌成螨对阿维菌素的抗药性,建立了特异性等位基因PCR（PASA）方法,并检测了二斑叶螨谷氨酸门控氯离子通道（GluCl）基因片段上G323D的突变频率。结果显示,北京昌平、海淀、密云和怀柔4个田间二斑叶螨种群对阿维菌素均达极高抗性水平,其中昌平种群抗性最高,LC₅₀值为448.93 mg/L,抗性倍数为4 988.11倍。室内敏感种群未见抗性个体,昌平和密云种群G323D等位基因突变频率为100.00%,怀柔和海淀种群分别为86.25%和90.00%。北京4个地区二斑叶螨种群对阿维菌素达极高抗性水平,抗性基因的突变频率也很高,表明阿维菌素不适宜用来防治这些地区的二斑叶螨种群。     

贵州黑马羊的选育

试验采取在农家组建核心群、基础群的开放式选育路线,制订初步淘汰标准、综合选择指数,指导整群淘汰、选种选配。结果发现,选育后核心群周岁公母羊体重分别为29.77 kg±5.51 kg、25.18 kg±5.67 kg,成年公母羊体重分别为40.08kg±7.73 kg3、4.90 kg±6.56 kg;选育后基础群周岁公母羊体重分别为26.59 kg±3.68 kg、24.09 kg±4.60 kg,成年公母羊体重分别为35.33 kg±4.09 kg3、2.16 kg±6.83 kg;产羔率达152.33%。经t检验,选育后核心群周岁公母羊、基础群周岁公母羊、成年公母羊平均体重极显著高于选育前的平均体重(P0.01)。无角对有角是显性,山羊间性与无角存在连锁关系。     

ASVCP guidelines: quality assurance for portable blood glucose meter (glucometer) use in veterinary medicine

Portable blood glucose meters (PBGM, glucometers) are a convenient, cost effective, and quick means to assess patient blood glucose concentration. The number of commercially available PBGM is constantly increasing, making it challenging to determine whether certain glucometers may have benefits over others for veterinary testing. The challenge in selection of an appropriate glucometer from a quality perspective is compounded by the variety of analytic methods used to quantify glucose concentrations and disparate statistical analysis in many published studies. These guidelines were developed as part of the ASVCP QALS committee response to establish recommendations to improve the quality of testing using point‐of‐care testing (POCT) handheld and benchtop devices in veterinary medicine. They are intended for clinical pathologists and laboratory professionals to provide them with background knowledge and specific recommendations for quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC), and to serve as a resource to assist the provision of advice to veterinarians and technicians to improve the quality of results obtained when using PBGM. These guidelines are not intended to be all‐inclusive; rather they provide a minimum standard for management of PBGM in the veterinary setting.     

微生态制剂对葡萄抗病能力及果实品质的影响

以云南、四川主栽的4个葡萄品种为试材,在常规用药方式基础上辅以微生态制剂,测定其对葡萄酸腐病和黑曲霉病防控效果及对果实品质的影响,以期为有效防控葡萄酸腐病和黑曲霉病的发生,解决生产实践中的具体问题提供科学参考依据。结果表明:微生态制剂能提高葡萄果粒大小和百粒质量,同时增加糖酸比。在传统用药基础上使用绿康威,对葡萄酸腐病和黑曲霉病的防效最佳,分别达52.3%和42.4%;在传统用药基础上使用绿地康3号,其防效为31.3%和21.9%,均表现出良好的防效;前期使用化学药剂,后期单独使用微生态制剂对酸腐病的防效不太明显。     

墨兰黑斑病的研究

墨兰黑斑病在广州地区为害严重,每年于12月中旬开始出现新病斑,翌年2—3月阴雨连绵时为发病高峰期;种植在闭风闷热及受阳光直射的环境下,病害更重。其病原鉴定为蝴蝶兰柱盘孢(Cylindrosporium phalaenopsidis Sawada),刺伤接种可为害8种兰科植物。在墨兰的生产中,加强管理,及时剪除清理病叶:在广州结合12月至翌年3月发病前喷1％波尔多液预防,发病后喷40％灭病威600倍液2—3次,对该病有较好的防治效果。     

夏黑葡萄控产优质高效栽培技术

夏黑葡萄在福建省葡萄主产区福安市引种栽培,通过实施双十字“水槽”型的整形修剪、小拱棚避雨栽培、控产提质的花果管理、科学肥水管理和病虫防控等配套栽培技术,种植第2年每667 m2产量536.5 kg,第3年产量1332 kg,利润上万元,经济效益十分显著.