马铃薯黑胫病田间防治药剂筛选

本试验通过药剂浸种法,研究了20%噻菌铜悬浮剂、30%琥胶肥酸铜悬浮剂等6种不同药剂对马铃薯黑胫病的防治效果,结果表明:在马铃薯播种前用20%噻菌铜悬浮剂600倍和30%琥胶肥酸铜悬浮剂400倍浸种对马铃薯黑胫病有较好的防效,两处理的防效均在75%以上。通过药剂浸种能有效降低黑胫病菌对马铃薯薯块的侵染,提高出苗率,降低田间病株率,对马铃薯黑胫病起到较好的防治作用,在生产中值得推广应用。     

黑蒜非发酵法制备工艺与抗氧化活性研究

为了提高黑蒜的生产效率、降低黑蒜的生产成本,将蒸制工艺与烘制工艺相结合,设计并优化了一种非发酵黑蒜制备工艺。研究结果表明,非发酵黑蒜的最佳制备工艺参数为:蒸制温度127℃、蒸制时间70 min、烘制温度95℃、烘制时间6.5 h,在此工艺条件下制得的黑蒜总酚质量比为11.15 mg/g,含水率为27.41%,还原糖和总酸质量比分别为7.87 g/(100 g)和36.09 g/kg。在0.06~0.18 mg/m L质量浓度范围内,黑蒜的还原能力是维生素C的1.4倍以上,说明黑蒜具有很强的抗氧化活性。与发酵工艺相比,总酚等活性成分含量相近,但极显著地缩短了黑蒜的制备时间、提高了生产效率、降低能耗,为功能性蒜制品的开发利用提供了技术基础。     

Fishing efficiency of competitive largemouth bass tournament anglers has increased since early 21st century

Tournament fishing has risen in popularity over the last half a century. As such, social and financial incentives combined with technological advancements are expected to drive changes in angler's capacity to exploit tournament‐eligible fish stocks, as has been observed in commercial fisheries. The aim of this study was to quantify temporal trends in angler efficiency and their ability to exploit a given fish stock relative to effort in largemouth bass fishing tournaments. A collective analysis across seven Illinois reservoirs comparing change through time in angler catch rates and relative population abundances indicated that angler efficiency has generally improved through time. For the decade from 2005 to 2015, a greater than threefold increase in the efficiency of anglers to exploit a static population of largemouth bass was estimated. Anglers have become more efficient at exploiting populations, which is likely to influence management decisions in the future, particularly in harvest‐orientated fisheries and those reliant upon fishery‐dependent surveys.     

丁硫克百威对白背飞虱和南方水稻黑条矮缩病的防治研究

为明确丁硫克百威拌种剂对水稻白背飞虱和南方水稻黑条矮缩病的防治效果及其对天敌的影响,选择不同剂量的35%丁硫克百威种子处理干粉剂进行拌种。结果表明:剂量是30 g/kg种子拌种可有效防治白背飞虱,在播种后32 d、43 d、50d和57 d的防效分别为:90.6%、78.4%、67.9%和61.1%;同时通过防治白背飞虱减少传毒媒介,能有效控制南方水稻黑条矮缩病的危害,防效为76.9%。     

木豆新品种‘CAF10’

‘CAF10’是运用单株选择和集团选择育种手段,从云南元谋县地方栽培品种中选育出的木豆新品种。生育期259～264天,平均株高(264.5±32.9)cm,地径(3.86±0.65)cm,单株荚数(948.3±231.0)个,每荚粒数(4.9±0.4)粒,种子百粒质量(8.76±0.49)g,单株粒质量(203.09±70.23)g。     

深耕改善砂姜黑土理化性状提高小麦产量

为探明砂姜黑土农田适宜的耕作方式,进一步挖掘砂姜黑土生产潜力,发挥地域资源优势,以周麦27为试验材料,在大田条件下设置免耕、旋耕(15 cm)、深耕(30 cm)3种耕作方式,研究了耕作方式对砂姜黑土农田土壤容重、有机碳含量、无机氮含量以及小麦籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,在小麦苗期和成熟期,3种耕作方式处理间0~10 cm土层土壤容重差异不显著(P0.05),但深耕处理显著降低10~30 cm土层土壤容重(P0.05)。在小麦苗期、越冬期、拔节期、开花期和成熟期,3种耕作方式对0~20 cm土层土壤有机碳含量的影响规律不明显,但深耕处理明显增加20~40 cm土层土壤有机碳含量;20~40 cm土层土壤铵态氮含量均为深耕旋耕免耕。与免耕处理相比,深耕处理通过增加小麦穗粒数和千粒质量,最终促使籽粒产量增加16.33%。综上所述,在该试验条件下,在秸秆还田的基础上,小麦季30 cm深耕处理可以降低土壤容重,增加土壤有机碳含量,进而提高小麦籽粒产量,可作为砂姜黑土农田适宜的耕作方式。     

东北黑土区TDR测定农田土壤含水量的室内标定

土壤水分标定是利用TDR监测农田土壤水分过程中的必要环节.以东北黑土区农田土壤剖面深度上的4种典型介质（黑土层、母质层、过渡层、砂砾层）为试验对象,利用“由湿到干”的土柱试验方法,用烘干法对TDR进行室内标定研究.结果表明：1）TDR内置土壤标定曲线测定的含水量明显低于烘干法测量的含水量.在TDR法土壤含水量标定时,指数关系比线性关系具有更高的标定精度.2）单一介质的TDR法土壤含水量标定曲线对自身介质的标定精度高（最大绝对误差3.2％）.3）混合介质的TDR法土壤含水量标定曲线的标定精度较高（最大绝对误差6.6％）,可用于不同介质TDR法土壤含水量标定.本研究结果可用于研究区及类似区域修订TDR法含水量测定结果.     

Transmission from Seed to Seedling and Secondary Spread of Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris in Brassica Transplants: Effects of Dose and Watering Regime

The effects of inoculum load and watering regime on the transmission of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris from seed to seedlings of cauliflower were investigated. Seed, inoculated with different concentrations of bacteria, was sown in commercial module trays and subjected to four different watering regimes: high frequency overhead spray, low frequency overhead spray, high frequency capillary and low frequency capillary. Visible symptoms were recorded and leaf washings were carried out to detect the pathogen on symptomless plants. The effects of treatments on symptoms and on the proportion of contaminated but symptomless plants was similar. Initially, they were influenced only by the dose of bacteria with little difference between the watering regimes, but later the proportion of plants with symptoms was greater for plants subjected to overhead watering, due to spread and secondary infection. Generalised linear models were fitted to the data relating the proportion of symptomless contaminated plants or the proportion of plants with symptoms, p, to the mean dose of bacteria per seed, d, and the number of overhead waterings, noh. The equations were: p=1–exp(–0.014·d ^0.32·noh ^0.045) for symptomless contaminated/infected plants and p=1–exp(–0.0056·d ^0.44·noh ^0.014) for plants with symptoms. These models indicated that the one-hit probability for transmission of the pathogen (i.e. with/without visible symptoms) was 0.014 and for infection (i.e. with visible symptoms) was 0.0056.     

晚熟苹果新品种‘岳华’

 ‘岳华’是以‘寒富’为母本,‘岳帅’为父本人工杂交选育而成的晚熟苹果新品种。果实长圆形,平均单果质量215 g,最大325 g。果实鲜红色,条红;果肉黄白色,肉质松脆,中粗,汁液多,风味酸甜,微香,品质上等。果肉硬度11.9 kg · cm^-2,可溶性固形物含量15.5%,可滴定酸含量0.37%。果实发育期160 d,耐贮藏、抗寒性较强,较抗枝干轮纹病。     

冬季黑穗醋栗叶绿素含量及影响因素的初步研究

冬季黑穗醋栗（Ｒｉｂｅｓ　ｎｉｇｒｕｍ　Ｌ．）枝条树皮中叶绿素含量不断下降，仲冬（１月份）时达最低点，叶绿素含量变化与月平均气温相吻合．叶绿素含量下降与冰冻低温有关，更与冰冻低温结合日照有关．冰冻能直接引起叶绿素含量下降，其中ａ的下降率低于ｂ的下降率，因而ａ／ｂ比值增大．叶绿素含量下降能导致组织细胞电解质渗出率加大，所以冬季冰冻低温及其与光照相结合会造成树皮组织细胞的伤害，其向阳面更重．