Effect of supplementary feeding of pregnant women on birth weight of the new born

A supplementary food mix was prepared from roasted peanut, chickpea and sugar. The effect of this food mix on birth weight was tested on a group of rural women of low socioeconomic group in few villages in Peshawar District of NWFP. A 100 g supplementary food mix providing 16.7 g protein and 520 K. Cal of energy was given daily to a group of mothers in their third trimester, until the time of delivery. Another group of pregnant women acted as control. The results indicated a high maternal weight gain in the supplemented group. Moreover the birth weight, length, head and chest circumference of the new born in the supplemented group was also significantly higher as compared to control group.     

补饲花粉对东方蜜蜂工蜂初生重及体蛋白的影响

为了研究补充花粉对东方蜜蜂工蜂初生重和体蛋白的影响,以60%蔗糖液调制杂花粉每隔7 d 1次,每次500 g饲喂中蜂群,以测量初生重和BCA法测定1日龄工蜂体蛋白。结果表明补饲花粉的蜜蜂个体初生重(0.0781±0.0009)g显著高于对照组(0.0750±0.0010)g,工蜂体蛋白平均为(0.5763±0.1631)mg,显著高于对照组(0.4758±0.0969)mg。通过饲喂花粉能够有效地提高工蜂的初生重和体蛋白,从而为今后蜜蜂处理复杂环境打下基础。     

不同胎次及产奶月份甘南黑牦牛乳常规营养成分比较研究

选用甘肃省甘南藏族自治州30头雌黑牦牛,分夏季牧场(麻木索那牧场)和冬季牧场(沙冒牧场)采样,分别测定了不同胎次和产奶月份黑牦牛乳常规营养成分(蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖、固形物和灰分),研究了甘南黑牦牛乳营养成分随胎次及产奶月份的变化.结果表明:不同胎次间黑牦牛乳常规营养成分差异不显著(P＞0.05),不同产奶月份黑牦牛乳的...     

“80后”农民工教育培训成本补偿机制研究

为了解决“80后”农民工教育培训经费不足的困境,并研究其教育培训成本补偿不足的问题。结合“80后”农民工教育收益率,着重分析其教育培训成本分担主体构成以及成本补偿的原则,从四方面构建“80后”农民工教育培训成本补偿机制,为相关部门的农民工教育培训投资决策提供一定参考价值。     

寒泊肉羊繁殖性能分析

【目的】缺乏自主高产、优质新品种导致肉羊单产能力低、羊肉品质差、利润空间小是中国肉羊产业的一个关键问题。利用国外肉用绵羊品种与地方品种杂交可以提高单位产肉量,但由于杂交技术体系相对复杂,配套杂交利用体系不易掌握等原因导致乱交滥配现象严重,一些地方品种优异特性部分丢失。此外,从长远角度,结合中国国情和农区特点培育自主肉用绵羊新品种是解决地方品种产肉性能差、填补专门化肉用绵羊品种空白的关键手段。寒泊肉羊是以小尾寒羊为母本,杜泊绵羊为父本进行杂交,以骨形态发生蛋白受体1B（BMPR1B）（A746G）基因分子标记作为提高种群产羔数的辅助手段,经过多年人工选择和定向培育而成的农区肉用绵羊新种群。本研究是对寒泊肉羊繁殖性能进行分析,为下一步选育提供数据参考。【方法】统计了同等条件下饲养的寒泊肉羊和小尾寒羊繁殖相关指标,包括胎产羔数、产羔间隔（从上次产羔到下次产羔时间）、妊娠期（自配种到妊娠产羔时间）、初产日龄（从出生到第一次产羔时间间隔）。分析了两个品种不同胎次对产羔数的影响,不同月份产羔母羊比例分布情况,以及寒泊肉羊产羔月份对下次产羔间隔的影响。【结果】寒泊肉羊和小尾寒羊初产日龄（（440.46±92.40）d vs（490.48±42.71）d）、妊娠期（（145.93±4.80）d vs（47.95±4.41）d）、产羔间隔（（300.42±72.85）d vs（275.94±48.42）d）、胎产羔数（1.86±0.71 vs 1.82±0.50）均无显著差别（P＞0.05）。胎次对产羔数有显著影响,随着胎次增加胎产羔数呈现缓慢增加趋势,在第5胎次达到高峰（2.15只）,随后产羔数下降。每年的第一季度为寒泊肉羊产羔高峰,即配种时间在上一年秋季,2月份产羔母羊比例最高为15.82%,即9月份配种妊娠数量较多,4-9月份产羔母羊比例低于理论平均值,6-8月份产羔母羊比例最小,以6月份最低。小尾寒羊4-7月份产羔母羊比例低于平均值,6月份产羔母羊比例最小为4.77%, 8月份到次年的3月份产羔母羊均在平均值8.33%以上。寒泊肉羊和小尾寒羊产羔均呈现一定季节性,二者差异不大。产羔月份对下次产羔时间间隔有一定影响,2月份产羔之后到下次产羔时间间隔最长为323 d,7-10月份产羔后到下次产羔间隔较短,为8个月左右。【结论】 寒泊肉羊繁殖性能遗传了母本常年发情配种产羔的特性,初产日龄、妊娠期、产羔间隔、胎产羔数均无显著差别。胎次对产羔数有显著影响,产羔月份对下次产羔时间间隔有一定影响。     

自贡黑山羊羔羊生长发育规律研究

对自贡黑山羊羔羊生长发育规律进行了研究,自贡黑山羊公羊8月龄前、母羊6月龄前体尺、体重变化极显著,说明自贡黑山羊早期生长发育快、成熟早,具有典型的肉用山羊品种特征。     

The effect of mid-pregnancy stressors on twin-lamb live weight and body dimensions at birth

This study was conducted to determine the effect of crutching, simulated shearing and conventional shearing in mid-pregnancy on maternal plasma cortisol levels and lamb live weight and body dimensions at birth. Twin-bearing Romney ewes (n = 96) were subjected to one of four treatments (control, crutched, sham shorn and shorn) on day 80 of pregnancy. Ewes were maintained as a single flock throughout pregnancy under commercial farming conditions. Within 12 h of birth the lambs were weighed and their body dimensions recorded. Lambs born to ewes shorn in mid-pregnancy were heavier (P < 0.05) at birth than lambs born to control or sham-shorn ewes by 300 and 400 g (7 and 10%) respectively. The birth weight of lambs born to crutched and control ewes did not differ. Shearing and crutching produced a greater integrated cortisol response than sham-shearing (P < 0.05). The failure of crutching to increase lamb birth weight suggests that the acute stress caused by shearing does not result in increased lamb birth weights.     

Relationship of prepartum plasma concentrations of estrone sulfate and estradiol-17β with the weight of the calf and placental parameters in Holstein–Friesian cows

The aim was to evaluate the relationship of prepartum plasma estrone sulfate (E₁S) and estradiol‐17β (E₂β) concentrations with the weight of the calf and the placental parameters. Holstein–Friesian cows (n = 33) inseminated artificially with Japanese Black beef bull semen at Hiroshima University Farm in Japan were used for the experiment. Blood samples were taken every day from day 270 of gestation until the day after calving. The plasma samples were analyzed for E₁S and E₂β by enzyme immunoassay. The calf birth weight was taken immediately after calving. Complete fetal membranes were collected from 19 cattle and the weights of the placental components and the number of cotyledons were recorded. All 33 cattle delivered singleton normal calves. The prepartum plasma E₁S concentration was found to correlate significantly (P < 0.01) with the calf birth weight (r = 0.83), total fetal membrane weight (r = 0.81), cotyledonary weight (r = 0.79) and inter‐cotyledonary membrane weight (r = 0.64), but it did not correlate significantly with the number of cotyledons, whereas prepartum plasma E₂β was not found to correlate significantly with the weight of either the calf or any of the placental components except the number of cotyledons. In conclusion, prepartum plasma E₁S, not plasma E₂β, was found to correlate significantly with the weight of the calf and the placental components.     

深埋TBM输水隧洞结构数值模拟

在考虑岩石材料弹塑性的基础上,采用ANSYS建立了模拟深埋TBM隧洞结构的三维有限元模型,采用程序的单元生死功能模拟了TBM施工的开挖过程;分析求得了深埋隧洞围岩变形的分布模式,并且进行了开挖后围岩的应力分析和管片衬砌的实际受力数值模拟,分析说明了开挖后围岩的稳定性和衬砌结构的安全性;数值计算得出的一些有意义结论,对深埋隧洞工程的安全设计和施工、运行具有指导意义。     

The Effects of Ovine Lentivirus Infection on Some Productive Aspects in a Sardinian Sheep Flock from Italy

The effects of ovine lentivirus infection on the fat, protein and lactose concentrations on the somatic cell counts in ewes' milk, on milk production and on the birth weight and growth of lambs were studied in a flock of Sardinian sheep from central Italy. Data on 61 lactations of ewes positive to both the agar-gel immunodiffusion test and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were compared with those on 46 lactations of seronegative ewes. Confounders such as parity, age, lactation length, litter size, and the sex of the lambs were considered. None of these traits seemed to be negatively influenced by the infection