光学表面等离子共振测定盐酸克伦特罗的试验研究

为了实现高灵敏度定量检测盐酸克伦特罗,提出了一种新颖的、无标记、快速的内嵌TSPR1K23生物传感器的光学表面等离子共振(Surface plasmon resonance,SPR)盐酸克伦特罗测定方法,并通过试验验证了光学表面等离子共振生物测定装置的性能.光学表面等离子共振盐酸克伦特罗测定装置由集成光学SPR生物传感器、微流通池、便捷更换芯片的夹具、触电屏,USB接口板及光电转换电路板组成.在光学SPR芯片金膜表面固定盐酸克伦特罗抗原,在标准样品中(盐酸克伦特罗抗体质量浓度33.75 mg·L-1)分别添加0,10,20,40 mg·L-1的盐酸克伦特罗抗原,采用竞争免疫反应方法建立的盐酸克伦特罗测定标准曲线,相关系数0.997,相对标准偏差6.5%.     

Application on Plasm Viscosity Detection With Piezoelectric Sensors

A piezoelectric biosensors for detection of plasm viscosity is developed, which is based on liquid damping effect of quartz crystal resonator. The measuring principal is given. Simultaneously, the detector of sensor and oscillator circuit is developed. The test results show that the maximal frequency shift of sensor are linearly dependent on square root of viscosity. The proposed sensor is much more simpler, more sensitive than the traditional methods. Furthermore, The sensor can be used to on-line detection.     

农产品/食品中农药残留快速检测方法研究进展

农药残留的识别和量化通常依赖于气相色谱法、高效液相色谱法、气/液相色谱-质谱联用法以及毛细管电泳法,这些方法需涉及大而贵重的仪器、费时的样品处理以及专门的技术培训。因此,建立在线、高灵敏度、高选择性、简单高效、低成本的农药残留快速检测方法和技术非常重要。该文综述了用于农产品/食品的农药残留分析快速检测方法,主要包括酶抑制法、免疫分析法、光谱法(包括可见/近红外、红外、拉曼和激光诱导击穿光谱等)以及各种生物传感器等,分别介绍了这些方法最新的研究进展,同时分析并总结了这些快速检测方法和技术的基本原理和特点。目前的研究在灵敏度、重复性、准确性方面存在着一些不足,商品化的农药残留检测仪器也比较单一。由于纳米生物技术、分子印迹技术和微流控技术等技术有着巨大的应用潜力,因此特别介绍了这些技术在农药残留分析中的应用。农药残留快速分析技术未来将会朝着检测仪器的小型化和集成化、多通道检测、无线通讯方向发展,提高快速检测方法和仪器的稳定性和可靠性是必然趋势。     

基于叶片分形维数的植物亏水胁迫萎蔫体态测量方法

该文借助基于激光斜射测距原理的3D扫描装置,快速获取西葫芦叶面形态的原始信息,在此基础上通过叶面形态的变化达到研究植株亏水胁迫的目的。定义了叶面分形维数作为刻画叶片萎蔫形态的量化指数——萎蔫指数。根据不同萎蔫程度（10个萎蔫水平）的叶片形态3D测量数据,对分形维数所定义的叶片萎蔫指数分别结合土壤温度与光照强度分析了统计相关性。试验结果表明：在保持田间持水量不变条件下,叶面分形维数满足萎蔫状态的单调变化趋势;激光扫描是获取叶面形态的有效方法;叶片的分形维数（萎蔫指数）与土壤温度、光照强度都成负相关性,并以分形维数为因变量,土壤温度和光照强度为自变量,得出了三者之间多元回归模型。由此可得：以分形维数定义的叶片萎蔫指数可以作为精准节水灌溉的一个控制指标,有效指导节水灌溉。     

检测食品沙门氏菌的生物传感器持久性研究

为了研究温度对生物传感器检测的持久性的影响,制备了用于检测食品中沙门氏菌的磁致伸缩生物传感器,以磁致伸缩膜片作为物理传感器,多克隆抗体作为生物识别元件,采用Langmuir-Blodgett(LB)技术将多克隆抗体固定在磁致伸缩膜片表面。当食品中沙门氏菌吸附在生物传感器上时,将引起其共振频率漂移。通过测试与分析磁致伸缩生物传感器共振频率漂移值,并利用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope)观察吸附了沙门氏菌的生物传感器表面,对生物传感器在25(室温)、45及65℃的持久性进行研究。结果表明:多克隆抗体磁致伸缩生物传感器与沙门氏菌的结合能力随着时间的延长逐渐降低;且温度越高,传感器的持久性越差;在25、45及65℃时,多克隆抗体磁致伸缩生物传感器的持久期分别为30、8和5 d,由此获得了多克隆抗体生物传感器在常用温度下的持久性。并结合阿伦尼乌斯方程,计算得到该生物传感器的激活能为13.024 kJ/mol。进一步证实了磁致伸缩生物传感器可用于定量检测实际溶液中沙门氏菌的浓度,表明生物传感器可应用于食品中细菌的实时快速定量检测。     

Biosensors applied to biochemical fish qualityindicators in refrigerated and frozen sea bass reared in aerated or hyperoxic conditions

Biosensors in the detection of K₁ value (a ratiobased on the changes in ATP catabolites contentoccurring in the muscle after death) and biogenicamines for evaluation of fish quality were tested. TheK₁ value was determined, every 24 h, from 24 to168 h after death, by HPLC and by a xanthine oxidasebiosensor on 36 sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)stored at 1°C with ice covering. TheK₁ value by biosensor and the biogenic amines byHPLC and by a diamine-oxidase biosensor were evaluatedevery 24 h after death or thawing until spoilage on150 sea bass, reared under aeration or atsupersaturated oxygen level and stored at 4°C,1°C with ice covering, –20°C × 30 d and–80°C × 90 d. Refrigerated fish were evaluatedby the EU sensory scheme. A close relation betweenHPLC and biosensor-values emerged for K₁ value.Reliable estimates by biosensor K₁% of both EUfreshness classes and the quality of frozen bass werefound. Biogenic amine levels remained fairly lowwithin the edibility period but putrescine showed moreevident changes, making it promising as a spoilageindicator in frozen fish. Storage conditions markedlyinfluenced changes after death or thawing in K₁value or, even less, in biogenic amine levels,putrescine particularly, while dissolved oxygen inwater of rearing did not.     

同时检测沙门氏菌和炭疽杆菌磁致伸缩生物传感器制备与应用

为探索2个磁弹性生物传感器进行串联是否会存在耦合干扰,继而影响各自的检测精度,该文以磁致伸缩带材(2 826 MB Metglas TM)为传感器膜片,不同种类噬菌体为生物识别元件,制备了可同时检测沙门氏菌和炭疽杆菌2种病菌的磁致伸缩生物传感器系统。采用物理吸附法在部分磁致伸缩传感器表面固定了对沙门氏菌具有检测专一性的E2噬菌体,用于检测沙门氏菌;部分磁致伸缩传感器表面固定了对炭疽杆菌具有检测专一性的JRB7噬菌体,用于检测炭疽杆菌。在磁致伸缩传感器表面固定噬菌体后,采用牛血清蛋白作为阻滞剂覆盖没有固定噬菌体的局部区域,防止检测中非专一性细菌吸附导致的检测误差。同时,制备了一种没有固定任何噬菌体只覆盖牛血清蛋白阻滞剂的参考传感器,目的是探索牛血清蛋对被检病菌吸附到传感器表面的阻滞效果。在检测过程中,传感器由磁场定位,将传感器浸入到病原体溶液中,吸附细菌后传感器质量增加,导致其共振频率降低。研究发现:所研制的生物传感器系统不存在相互耦合干扰,每种生物传感器能专一性地吸附与表面噬菌体对应的被测病菌。对浓度范围为5×10~5×108 CFU/m L菌液检测还发现,该系统具有良好的检测灵敏度,本研究所采用尺寸规格的传感器灵敏度同单个传感器检测灵敏度一样,为103 CFU/m L。同时,参考传感器浸入到病原体溶液中频率无变化证明了牛血清蛋白阻滞剂可有效消除没有固定噬菌体的局部表面对细菌的非专一性结合。扫描电镜对传感器样品表面进行观察,直观地证明了生物传感器与其目标被测物之间的吸附情况,观察结果为生物传感器对细菌的检测提供了可靠的参考证据。     

Application and Development of Biosensors

As a new kind of analytical instrument, the principles, types and characters of biosensors were discussed in this paper. A biosensor is usually composed of a recognition element of biological origin and a physicochemical transducer. The biological element is capable of sensing the presence, activity or concentration of a chemical analyse in solution. The sensing takes place either as a binding event or a biocatalytical event. These interactions produce a measurable change in a solution property, in which the transducer is converted into a quantifiable electrical signal. The principles, types and applications of biosensors in environmental inspection, food production, clinical medicine and military defense were reviewed, and the trends in research were predicated, Furthermore, an attempt had been made to describe the future development directions and prospects.     

微生物细胞传感器在环境监测中的应用研究进展

微生物细胞传感器是以微生物细胞作为生物敏感元件,可以感应环境中的总毒性以及各类污染物,从而实现快速监测的目的。关于该领域的研究报道越来越多,随着研究的不断发展,该项技术日趋成熟,从开始的仅仅在环境总毒性监测方面的应用,发展到能够特异性地检测多种污染物,如重金属类(Hg、Cd、As、Pb、Cu、Ag、Ni等)、有机污染物类(苯系物质、PAHs、酚类物质等)、抗生素类(四环素、β-内酰胺等)以及N、P类营养元素等等。由于微生物细胞自身的一些特点,使得其在环境监测领域具有非常显著的特点和优势,特别是在检测污染物的生物有效性方面,同时该技术可以满足环境监测中原位、快速、低耗的需要,所以其在环境监测领域必将得到越来越广泛的应用。本文重点综述了微生物细胞传感器在环境监测中的一些应用研究进展,并展望了其未来的发展趋势。     

Alternative Methods for the Detection of Emerging Marine Toxins: Biosensors,Biochemical Assays and Cell-Based Assays

The emergence of marine toxins in water and seafood may have a considerable impact on public health. Although the tendency in Europe is to consolidate, when possible, official reference methods based on instrumental analysis, the development of alternative or complementary methods providing functional or toxicological information may provide advantages in terms of risk identification, but also low cost, simplicity, ease of use and high-throughput analysis. This article gives an overview of the immunoassays, cell-based assays, receptor-binding assays and biosensors that have been developed for the screening and quantification of emerging marine toxins: palytoxins, ciguatoxins, cyclic imines and tetrodotoxins. Their advantages and limitations are discussed, as well as their possible integration in research and monitoring programs.