Physical,Chemical, and Engineering Properties of Landfill Stabilized Waste

In order to utilize landfill stabilized waste (LSW) as growing substrate for plants during restoration projects, LSW were sampled from five landfills; the properties of unconsolidated samples and those after 3 years of settlement were determined in comparison with farm soil. Results showed that (i) unconsolidated LSW was a soil‐like material with high porosity and infiltration rate, which also had low bulk density and shear strength. After 3 years of settlement, its physical properties were similar to those of farm soil. (ii) The contents of available K, available N, available P, and organic matter of LSW were 5·0–21·6 times higher than the values of surrounding farm soil. (iii) The waste samples from 3/5 landfills were suitable for cultivation based on their heavy metal contents, but two samples contained over‐limit Hg and/or Zn. (iv) LSW had higher water content, and generally, less surface runoff was generated on LSW slope under natural precipitation compared with the farm soil slope. (v) Water extract of LSW had no significant effect on seed germination, and the effect of LSW on seedling growth depended on plant species. On the basis of the results, LSW can be used in ecological restoration as plant‐growing substrate, but measures should be taken to prevent heavy metal contamination and soil erosion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Membrane Bioreactor for Treatment of Wastewater

Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) is a new technology in wastewater treatment, using membrane to enhance biological-chemical reaction. It has many advantages such as high efficiency and low sludge production rate. By analyzing the factor influencing MBR, a new submerged hybrid dynamic membrane bioreactor(HDMBR) is suggested and the characteristics of the new HDMBR from different viewpoints are expounded. It shows that this technology is a process of high efficiency and low consumption.     

RESEARCHS ON THE SLAUGHTER WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN A GAS-LIQUID-SOLID FLUIDIZED BED BIOREACTOR

This paper studies the performance of a gas-Iiquid-solid fluidizedbed bioreactor(FBB)for the slaughter treatment.The results show that the COD removal rate is higher than 80% when COD concentration in the influent waste-water is about 1000mg/1 and the hydrauIic residence time(HRT)is 124.5 minutes.n the experiments,the crushed granular shale used as media in FBB has advan-tages of slight weight,easy fluidization,ease of attaching by microbes and cheap-ness.     

Effect of Concentrated Leachate Recirculation on Leachate Level and Slope Stability of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill

260 tons concentrated leachate per day is produced at the leachate treatment plant at Changan landfill, which is considered to be recirculated into the landfill of municipal solid wastes. The effect of leachate recirculation on the slope stability of the landfill should be evaluated. The results from engineering geology and hydrogeology survey were firstly presented. Three-dimensional unsaturated-saturated seepage analyses were carried out by using GMS software to predict the change of leachate level as a result of the leachate recirculation. Based on the leachate levels and pore-water pressures obtained from the seepage analyses, slope stability analyses were carried out to evaluate the safety of the landfill. Some control measures were proposed to eliminate the adverse effect of leachate recirculation on the landfill safety. The analyses indicate that the factor of safety (FS) for the landfill with the current leachate level is slightly greater than the safety requirement (FS=13), and the current leachate level happens to be the critical level. Direct leachate recirculation will result in a significant rise in leachate level, which will cause a significant decrease in the landfill safety. The landfill is likely to fail after a direct leachate recirculation. If the leachate recirculation is executed after the current leachate level is lowered down by 3 m and the resultant leachate level will be lower than the current leachate level, the landfill can remain safe. Vertical pumping wells are proposed to implement the drawdown work, and if 45 wells are used and pumping is conducfed for 3 mouths, the leachate level will decrease by 3 m, which meets the safety requirement.     

Sf9昆虫细胞悬浮培养工艺的研究

对Sf9昆虫细胞在不同培养基、培养基中是否添加血清及不同生物反应器中的培养工艺进行了研究,发现Sf9细胞在Sf900Ⅱ无血清培养基中生长比在添加10％小牛血清的Grace培养基中更好,在Sf900Ⅱ无血清培养基14 L搅拌式生物反应器分批培养细胞密度可达1.4×107/mL.过程生化特性分析表明,总氨基酸的消耗及主要代谢副产物特别是乳酸及游离氨的积累是培养后期细胞密度降低及活性下降的重要原因.本研究为Sf9细胞生物反应器培养工艺优化及利用昆虫杆状病毒蛋白表达系统高效表达重组蛋白生产亚单位疫苗奠定了良好基础.     

反应器细胞悬浮培养和微载体培养技术在动物疫苗生产中的应用

介绍了反应器悬浮培养技术在国内外疫苗生产中的研发和应用现状。目前该技术已经在国内口蹄疫疫苗生产中获得成功应用,利用MDCK、Vero等细胞培养生产禽流感疫苗的技术也正在积极研发中。积极推广和应用这一技术将是我国兽用生物制品生产工艺升级换代的必然趋势。     

利用家蚕-HyNPV表达系统表达鼠抗人CD28分子单链抗体

人CD28分子是T细胞表面的最重要的协同刺激分子。将抗人CD28的鼠源单链抗体基因(mouse anti-human CD28-ScFv)亚克隆至杂交病毒HyNPV Bac-to-Bac系统供体质粒pFastBacHTa中,获得重组转移载体pFast-BacHTa CD28-ScFv,并转化大肠杆菌(E.coli)DH10Bac获得重组杆粒rBacmid CD28-ScFv,脂质体介导转染Sf9昆虫细胞后获得重组杆状病毒rBV CD28-ScFv。该重组杆状病毒注射接种于家蚕5龄起蚕,经SDS-PAGE和Westernblotting分析表明,CD28-ScFv在家蚕体内得到了表达,即:人CD28单链抗体通过HyNPV这一宿主范围扩大的新型杂交杆状病毒表达载体在家蚕中获得了表达。     

填埋场陈垃圾对黑麦草种子发芽的影响

非正规垃圾填埋场的治理和陈垃圾的资源化利用是环保领域一项重要而迫切的任务。选择黑麦草作为试验对象,采用种子发芽的陆生生态毒理方法,研究陈垃圾对植物发芽的影响,以期为陈垃圾利用和非正规垃圾填埋场治理提供一种新的思路。培养基质中陈垃圾的比例分别为20%、80%和100%,使用蒸馏水和土壤作为对照。试验结果表明:陈垃圾的使用能够显著提高黑麦草种子的发芽势和发芽率,但黑麦草种子的发芽势和发芽率随着陈垃圾用量的增加呈现先增大后减小的特征,陈垃圾在培养基质中的最佳比例为80%,与空白和使用土壤作为培养基质相比,发芽率分别提高了34.3%和20.9%,发芽势分别提高了52.0%和24.0%。培养基质中添加陈垃圾有利于黑麦草种子根、芽的发育和生长,在培养基质中陈垃圾的比例为80%的条件下,黑麦草种子的根长、芽长和芽的鲜质量分别比使用土壤时增加了50.0%、46.9%和74.0%。因此,将稳定后的陈垃圾用于草坪种植是可行的,这为陈垃圾的资源化利用提供了一条新的途径。     

Membrane performance and fouling behavior of membrane bioreactors installed in marine recirculating aquaculture systems

Accumulation of fine suspended solids and colloids in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) can be avoided by integrating a membrane filtration unit into the system, where the inclusion of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) may be an alternative. The main purpose of the study was to identify how the feeding regime affected membrane performance and fouling phenomena caused by dissolved and submicron colloidal particles in the system, and how the membrane impacted general water quality and particle characterization. To be able to evaluate membrane performance and fouling behavior, transmembrane pressure (TMP) was monitored and assessed in relation to changes in rearing conditions and different water quality parameters observed. From this study the positive influence on the chosen water quality parameters was apparent, where an improved water quality was observed when including a membrane filtration in RAS. Selected water quality parameters and TMP changed during the experimental period in response to the feeding regime, where algae paste, decaying rotifers and dry feed seemed to contribute the most to membrane fouling. Analysis of the concentration of submicron particles and particle size distribution (PSD) (particles < 1 μm) showed both a higher concentration and a more spread distribution in the rotifer/algae paste and dry feed period compared to the Artemia period, which might explain the observed increase in fouling. This study also showed that adapted procedures for concentrate removal are important to prevent hydrolysis of retained particles in the concentrate and leakage of nutrients and organic matter back to the system.     

甜高粱茎秆汁液固定化酵母酒精发酵的研究

本文应用一元线性回归分析法得出了甜高粱茎秆汁液锤度和可溶性总糖含量之间的关系。以甜高粱茎秆汁液为原料,在摇床及流化床反应器上进行了固定化酵母酒精发酵的试验研究。结果表明,以沈农甜杂2号甜高粱为原料,在摇床上作营养盐配比的正交试验,试验得出对提高酒精得率影响因素的主次顺序为：(NH₄)₂SO₄,K₂HPO₄,MgSO₄。最优组合为：0.125% K₂HPO₄,0.200%(NH₄)₂SO₄,0.050% MgSO₄。加营养盐的酒精得率比不加任何营养盐的酒精得率可提高4.0%～8.0%。K₂HPO₄,(NH₄)₂SO₄的配比对试验结果影响极显著,MgSO₄的配比对试验结果影响显著。在流化床反应器上试验,4种较优营养盐组合酒精得率近乎相等,比不加营养盐空白试验酒精得率高。从降低成本角度来讲,选择0.125% K₂HPO₄,0.200%(NH₄)₂SO₄,0.010% MgSO₄作为投产试验。本文为燃料乙醇的发展提供了科学的依据。