用复合式膜生物反应器脱氮除磷的试验研究

研究了用复合式膜生物反应器处理生活污水去除有机物和脱氮除磷的效果，并分析了其性能机理。结果表明：出水中的化学耗氧量（COD）小于50mg／L，对有机物的去除率为90％；NH4^＋-N浓度小于3mg／L，对氨氮的去除率为88％；总磷（TP）浓度小于3mg／L，对TP的去除率为30％；对悬浮固体（SS）的去除率接近100％。经处理后的水质能满足《生活杂用水水质标准》（CJ25．1-1989）。由于在复合式膜生物反应器前加置了厌氧反应器，出水中的NO2^--N、NO2^--N明显降低，对TP也有一定的去除效果，说明该生物反应器中的聚磷菌具有较高的摄取磷的能力。     

影响西洋参不定根组培增殖的几种因素及皂苷生产的研究

为筛选西洋参不定根组培增殖的适宜培养基,研究培养基中生长素IBA和NAA、磷浓度及有机物含量对不定根增殖生长的影响,结果表明,不定根在IBA 5 mg/L中生长良好,MS培养基中固有磷浓度和有机物含量适合于西洋参不定根的生长.为有效生产西洋参皂苷,利用生物反应器进行不定根与细胞的共培养,并与反应器不定根和细胞培养进行比较,发现共培养时获得的不定根生物量（鲜重和干重）与不定根单独培养时无明显差异,共培养的细胞生物量不及细胞单独培养,但共培养的培养物（细胞＋不定根）总生物量大于细胞或不定根单独培养;测定皂苷含量的结果,共培养时反应器中不论是不定根还是细胞,其皂苷含量均高于不定根单独培养的不定根和细胞单独培养的细胞中的含量;皂苷总生产量在共培养时达到26 mg/L,约为不定根和细胞培养的2倍.因此,反应器共培养方法在西洋参皂苷的工业化生产有较高的应用价值.     

活性炭对垃圾渗滤液中DEHP的吸附研究

[目的]评估活性炭处理含邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）垃圾渗滤液的吸附特性。[方法]采用静态吸附法,研究了溶液的pH、活性炭用量及反应时间对活性炭吸附去除DEHP效果的影响,并利用Langmuir和Freundlich模型对吸附等温平衡过程进行了拟合。[结果]活性炭对DEHP的吸附效率随着活性炭用量和反应时间的增加而提高,当活性炭用量为0.1～0.5 g和反应时间为30～150min时,DEHP吸附效率分别为44%～87%和63%～88%;在试验条件下最佳pH为5.0。试验数据更加遵循Langmuir模型。[结论]为活性炭在垃圾渗滤液DEHP处理中的应用研究提供了理论依据。     

RESEARCH ON THE SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN A GAS-LIQUID-SOLID FLUIDIZED BED BIOREACTOR

The process of treating slaughterhouse wastewater in a gas-liquid-solid fluidizedbed bioreactor is studied,and the factors of affecting reactor performance are a nalysed in this pa-per.Some design parameters and experiences are obtained through the pilot experiment.     

Ecological Performance of the Restored South East New Territories (SENT) Landfill in Hong Kong (2000–2012)

South East New Territories (SENT) landfill (Phase I) was saturated with wastes and capped with a cover system to prevent rainfall infiltration and gas emission and to support plant growth. Subsequently, a revegetation program was conducted in 1997. Line transects were used for monitoring (i) the restored area (AT), (ii) the area adjacent to AT (BT) and (iii) the area outside AT, which served as control (CT). Flora and fauna diversities, plant performance (chlorophyll florescent and stomatal resistance of Acacia confusa) and soil properties were monitored during 2000–2012. There were 28, 24 and 23 plant species, and 61, 39 and 61 animal species found at AT, BT and CT during the past 13 years, respectively. The total number of plants recorded at AT fluctuated considerably, and was more stable at BT, especially CT. The results of similarity analyses showed that the plant community at AT were significantly different (P < 0·01) from those at BT and CT, whereas no difference was noted among fauna communities at different sites. Soil properties, including pH, bulk density, moisture content, total organic content, organic matter, total Fe and total Zn were significantly different (P < 0·05) among sites. The decreasing trend of soil pH in all sites indicated that regional soil acidification may have occurred. Soil moisture content and stomatal resistance of A. confusa were negatively correlated, which showed that AT was more subjected to drought than BT and CT. Plants in restored area were more sensitive to the changes in environmental conditions compared with those of control site. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparative effects of ultrasonic transducers on medium chemical content in a nutrient mist plant bioreactor

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficiency of ultrasonic transducers in a nutrient mist bioreactor by analyzing the chemical constituents (carbohydrates and inorganic elements) of the mists produced by ultrasonic transducers from a liquid sucrose-supplemented Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The ultrasonic transducer oscillation frequency with an input power of 2.8 MHz and at 17.5 W was the optimum condition since the contents of glucose, sucrose, total soluble carbohydrate, macro-elements (NH₄⁺-N, NO₃⁻-N, P, K, Mg, Ca and S), micro-elements (Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, B, I, Mo and Co), and pH value were similar to those in the MS medium after autoclaving. Further, when MS medium was replaced by Gamborg et al. medium (B-5) or woody plant medium (WPM) in this bioreactor at the same transducer settings, the NH₄⁺-N and NO₃⁻-N contents in nutrient mist generated were also similar to those in B5 or WPM after autoclaving, respectively. The results of this research represent a significant contribution towards development of a functional nutrient mist bioreactor.     

增强异源蛋白在植物体内表达的研究进展

简述了利用植物生产异源蛋白的意义 ,从改变调控元件、利用融合基因和分泌途径及异源蛋白的细胞定位几个方面综述了增强异源蛋白在植物体内表达的几种策略     

Temporal and spatial variability of the CH4 dynamics of landfill cover soils

Landfills are regarded as important sources of the atmospheric methane (CH₄), one of the major greenhouse gases. In this study we investigated the CH₄ dynamics of landfill cover soils in a long‐term field experiment. The CH₄ emission rates were low, mostly ranging from —100 to 100 μmol m^—2 h^—1, with prevailing negative values. Higher values of up to 130,000 μmol m^—2 h^—1, obtained concurrently, were due to mice burrows, connecting the reduced soil sections with the aerated ones. Thus, the appearance of spatial dissimilarity was the most important factor influencing temporal variability. Reducing the soil cover from 120 cm to at least 60 cm caused a tendency of increased CH₄ emission. The oxidation rates were also low and differed with low temporal variability from 1.0—11.9 nmol g^—1 h^—1 in 0—10 cm soil depth and 0—5.3 nmol g^—1 h^—1 in 40—50 cm, respectively. Highest rates were obtained at 25—30 % soil water content. A mapping of CH₄ concentrations over the whole landfill showed a large spatial variation with values of 3.1—343 nmol g^—1. Subsequent CH₄ emission rates were between —0.2 and 120,000 mmol m^—2 d^—1 and showed a positive correlation to the CH₄ concentrations (r = 0.993, P < 0.05). Thus, by a large scale mapping of CH₄ concentrations a low‐cost procedure is proposed to identify the hot spots of CH₄ release which should be treated with additional thick and well aerated cover soil materials.     

基因工程药物研究概况

对新发展起来的产业基因工程药物的研究作了简要的概述,通过对其发展历史及当前的几种药物的叙述,预测其发展前景。     

人脑源性神经营养因子基因(hBDNF)在转基因家蚕丝腺中的特异表达

家蚕丝腺具有强大合成与分泌蛋白质的能力,利用其作为生物反应器生产高附加值外源蛋白有着广阔的市场前景。以人血白细胞基因组DNA为模板,扩增并克隆了人脑源性神经营养因子基因(hBDNF)核苷酸序列。序列分析表明,克隆的hBDNF核苷酸序列与已发表序列(GenBank登录号:NM_170735)的同源性为100%。随后采用家蚕丝胶基因(Ser1)启动子,以增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)为筛选标记,将hBDNF构建到piggyBac转座表达载体并注射入家蚕早期胚胎,在G1代筛选获得了54头转基因阳性个体。经分子检测证实,hBDNF已整合到家蚕基因组并在丝腺有较高水平的特异表达。