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161.
[目的]研究玉米秸秆液化及树脂化的工艺条件,进而提高玉米秸秆资源的利用价值及开辟玉米秸秆利用的新途径.[方法]以苯酚为液化剂、磷酸为催化剂对玉米秸秆进行液化,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定玉米秸秆液化的最优工艺;然后对液化产物进行树脂化,利用单因素试验确定树脂化工艺.[结果]玉米秸秆液化的最优工艺条件:液化温度150℃、液化时间165 min、固液比3∶13、磷酸用量10%,该液化工艺条件下,玉米秸秆液化残渣率为l2.1%;树脂化工艺条件:甲醛与液化产物摩尔比1.8、NaOH与液化产物摩尔比0.35、树脂化合成温度85℃、保温时间40 min、水与液化产物摩尔比8.0,该工艺条件下可生产获得综合性能较好的玉米秸秆液化物树脂,用其压制的胶合板干状强度1.788 MPa、湿状强度0.812 MPa,胶合强度符合国家标准(GB/T 17657-1999)对Ⅰ类胶合板的要求(≥0.700MPa).[结论]以玉米秸秆液化产物制备的酚醛树脂胶黏剂可用于木材加工. 相似文献
162.
[目的] 对气相色谱-串联质谱法测定柑橘中苯醚甲环唑农药残留进行不确定度评定。[方法] 运用气相色谱-串联质谱法对柑橘中苯醚甲环唑残留量进行测定,建立数学模型, 分析测定过程的主要不确定度来源, 对各个分量进行评估。[结果] 测量不确定度主要来源于前处理方法提取和净化产生的回收率差异、标准溶液配制和目标物色谱峰面积测定误差。当苯醚甲环唑的残留量为 0.047 mg/kg 时, 扩展不确定度为 0.003 mg/kg (P=95%, k=2)。[结论] 该方法适用于气相色谱-串联质谱法测定苯醚甲环唑残留量的不确定度分析, 可为农药残留测量结果的准确性提供科学可靠的依据。 相似文献
163.
Isabel GARRIDO Carmen M. MARTNEZ Pilar FLORES Pilar HELLN Fulgencio CONTRERAS Jos FENOLL 《土壤圈》2024,34(3):641-651
Agriculture has a close relationship with nature, but it can also be the source of negative and permanent environmental effects. The use of pesticides in modern agriculture is a common practice, but their side effects on the environment cannot be disregarded. In this study, we evaluated a combination of solarization and ozonation techniques for the elimination of six amide pesticides (boscalid, chlorantraniliprole, cyflufenamid, fluopyram, napropamide, and propyzamide) in soil. Initial experiments were performed with four different soils to assess the efficiency of this methodology at different soil temperatures and ozone dosages under laboratory conditions, and then a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted under controlled conditions during summer. Fifty days after the onset of the experiments, higher degradation percentages of amide pesticides were observed in ozonized soils than in other treated soils, particularly when ozone was applied at 10 cm soil depth. The results show that the utilization of ozonation, along with solarization, represents a valid method for degrading residues of the studied pesticides and suggest that this combined technology may be a promising tool for remediating pesticide-polluted soils. 相似文献
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165.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(18):2330-2342
ABSTRACTWater and rice straw (RS) management practices can potentially affect the accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural soils. Field experiments were conducted in two consecutive rice-growing seasons (wet and dry) to evaluate SOC stocks under different water (continuous flooding [CF], alternate wetting and drying [AWD]) and RS management practices (RS incorporation [RS-I], RS burning [RS-B], without RS incorporation and burning [WRS]) in a double-cropped paddy field. RS-I under AWD had higher volumetric water content than the same RS management under CF at tillering in both growing seasons. Total SOC was significantly higher under AWD at tillering in both wet and dry seasons and after harvesting in the dry season compared with CF. The same trend was also observed for C:N ratio at tillering and after harvesting in the dry season. RS-B plots had lower SOC stocks than RS-I and WRS plots across most of the measuring periods regardless of the growing seasons. SOC stocks were 33.09 and 39.31 Mg/ha at RS-B and RS-I plots, respectively, in the wet season, whereas the respective values were 21.45 and 24.55 Mg/ha in the dry season. Incorporation of RS enhanced SOC stocks under AWD irrigation, especially in the dry season before planting. Soil incorporation of RS in combination with AWD could be a viable option to increase SOC stocks in the double-cropped rice production region as it is strongly linked with soil fertility and productivity. However, the environmental consequences of RS incorporation in irrigated lowland rice production system should be taken into consideration before its recommendation for paddy field on a large scale. 相似文献
166.
Pyrethroid insecticides were applied on various vegetable crops as foliar treatments to determine dissipation rates. On Chinese broccoli (Guy Lon), Chinese mustard (Pak Choi) and Chinese cabbage (Kasumi, napa), fenvalerate was persistent with residues of 0.10, 0.14 and 0.11 mg kg-1, respectively, by day 21. Cypermethrin residues on head lettuce were below 0.1 mg kg-1 by day 10 but on the leafier romaine and endive varieties it was more persistent and required 14-19 days to dissipate below this concentration. After three applications, residues of cypermethrin in harvested carrots and of permethrin in eggplant were not detected on the day of application. On asparagus, deltamethrin and cypermethrin residues declined to less than 0.1 mg kg-1 by days 1 and 2, respectively; permethrin was more persistent, requiring more than 2 days to decline to less than 0.1 mg kg-1. Deltamethrin on dry (cooking) and Spanish onions was not detected on the day of application. On tomatoes, the concentration of permethrin was 0.093 mg kg-1 on the day of application and declined to about 0.05 mg kg-1 after 2-4 days. In general, permethrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin residues declined to acceptable concentrations within an acceptable pre-harvest interval. Fenvalerate may be too persistent on these speciality crops unless a maximum residue limit > 0.1 mg kg-1 is permitted. 相似文献
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169.
用HPLC检测了苏云金素在鱼塘水和清水中的衰减速率。清水中该物质的半衰期长达433小时;在鱼塘水中苏云素的衰减呈双指数消除模型,开始消除半衰期为2.43-10.68小时,终末消除半衰期为128.57-142.01小时。 相似文献
170.
Dissipation of dithiopyr in soil was monitored after application to wheat crop as pre- or post-emergence applications at two rates, viz 100 and 200 g AI ha(-1). The level of dithiopyr in the soil was assessed by gas chromatography, and its disappearence was found to follow a first-order decay curve irrespective of rate or method of application. The half-life in soil ranged between 17.3 and 25.0 days and residues at harvest (150 days after application) ranged between 4.0 and 8.8% of amounts applied. Investigation of microbial degradation of dithiopyr was conducted in minimal salt and Czapek Dox media in which 80% of the compound degraded within 15 days. Residues were not detected in wheat grain at harvest. 相似文献