不同粗蛋白水平日粮对仔鹅生长性能、血液生化指标和血清激素的影响

试验选用国家水禽种质资源基因库提供的120只1日龄苏牧白鹅雏鹅,共设3个处理组,每处理5个重复,每重复8只试验鹅(公母各半),分栏饲养28 d,分别饲喂粗蛋白水平为16.0％、18.0％和20.0％的3种日粮,研究不同粗蛋白水平日粮对0～4周龄仔鹅生长性能、血液生化指标和血清激素的影响.结果表明,粗蛋白质对试验鹅生长前期增重有着明显的影响,20％蛋白组生长速度快于16％蛋白组和18％蛋白组;在同一蛋白水平组内,公鹅体重增长优于母鹅.日粮粗蛋白水平对试验鹅胸肌率、腿肌率和肝体比的影响不显著(P＞0.05),而20％蛋白组公鹅半净膛率、全净膛率显著高于另外两组(P＜0.05);腹脂率则极显著地低于16％蛋白组和18％蛋白组(P＜0.01).日粮蛋白水平对试验鹅血清总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白的含量没有显著影响,不过高蛋白组合量稍高;尿酸随蛋白水平的增加而增加,20％蛋白组试验鹅血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白含量低于另外两组,甘油三酯含量则高于另外两组,但差异不显著(P＞0.05).不同粗蛋白水平日粮对试验鹅血清三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)、四碘甲腺原氨酸(T4)和类胰岛素生长因子和生长激素含量影响不显著(P＞0.05),但以18％蛋白组和20％蛋白组合量高.总体而言,0～4周龄苏牧白鹅仔鹅日粮适宜的粗蛋白水平为20％.     

Duck circovirus induces a new pathogenetic characteristic,primary sclerosing cholangitis

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic, cholestatic liver disease of unknown cause. In the study, we found that duck circovirus (DuCV) induces PSC in natural and reproductive cases. PSC in DuCV naturally infected ducks was investigated by PCR and histopathology. A model of PSC was developed in one-day old duck by infection of DuCV. Effects on serum levels of liver enzymes and histology were evaluated, and DuCV tropism for bile duct in liver was analyzed by immuohistochemistry. Pathology observation of natural or reproductive DuCV infected ducks showed that the lesion of liver were characterized by cholangiocytic injuries and progressive fibrous obliteration of the biliary tree associated with lymphocytes infiltration. ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, ALB, TBIL and TP were significantly increased in serum of DuCV infected ducks. DuCV showed higher tropism for epithelial cells of bile duct than other cells in PSC.     

噻霉酮对猕猴桃溃疡病菌的抑菌机理研究

【目的】通过测定噻霉酮水乳剂处理后的丁香假单胞杆菌猕猴桃致病变种（Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae,Psa）的一系列指标变化,揭示噻霉酮对猕猴桃溃疡病菌的抑菌机理,为噻霉酮防控猕猴桃溃疡病提供理论依据。【方法】对Psa进行稀释10倍的噻霉酮处理（X10）,原液噻霉酮处理（Y）以及无菌水处理（CK）,利用试剂盒测定Psa抗氧化酶系过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的酶活性,考马斯亮蓝法测定可溶性蛋白质量浓度;通过荧光显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察Psa细胞膜结构的变化;通过流式细胞术进行细胞周期的检测。【结果】噻霉酮处理能明显抑制Psa生长和繁殖,缩短菌体细胞的对数生长期,使细胞膜破裂,细胞内容物外泄,细胞死亡量增加,最终处理组菌体量为CK的5.5%;Psa对噻霉酮存在氧化应激反应,处理后的Psa活性显著升高,呈先上升后下降的趋势。噻霉酮处理后Psa的CAT活性在10 h时到达峰值118.795U/mg,SOD活性在4 h时达到峰值1 060.452 U/mg。X10、Y的菌体蛋白质量浓度在12 h与CK相比差异显著,分别降低了47.1%、7...     

紫苏籽油对蛋雏鸡生长性能、免疫功能及PUFAs组成的影响

旨在探究紫苏籽油对蛋雏鸡生长性能、抗氧化性能、免疫性能、血液生化指标及机体多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)组成的影响。选用14日龄海兰褐蛋雏鸡120只,随机分4组:C组(基础日粮,n-6/n-3≈15∶1),T1组(基础日粮+0.1%紫苏籽油,n-6/n-3≈10∶1)、T2组(基础日粮+0.6%紫苏籽油,n-6/n-3≈5∶1)、T3组(基础日粮+6%紫苏籽油,n-6/n-3≈1∶1)。结果表明:与C组相比,T1、T2组雏鸡日增重显著提高(P<0.05)、料重比显著降低(P<0.05),试验组胫长增长速率无显著差异(P>0.05),但T1、T2组管围显著升高(P<0.05)。随着紫苏籽油添加量的增加,白蛋白含量存在线性下降趋势,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量均呈线性上升趋势,总胆固醇、甘油三酯及谷氨酰基转移酶呈二次相关趋势,且试验组均显著低于C组(P<0.05),T2组的白蛋白含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。T2组的总抗氧化能力显著高于C组(P<0.05),而T3组的丙二醛含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05),且T2组含量最低。免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白M和补体4在0.1%~0.6%范围内有显著增强效果(P<0.05)。随着紫苏籽油添加量的增加,机体内n-3PUFAs显著提高(P<0.05),n-6/n-3值显著下降(P<0.05)。综上所述,紫苏籽油有利于蛋雏鸡机体生长免疫及脂质代谢和PUFAs组成的调节,且以0.6%添加量饲养效果最佳。     

The Level of Prolactin,Serum Amyloid A,and Selected Biochemical Markers in Mares Before and After Parturition and Foal Heat

The aim of the study was to determine the level of prolactin (PRL), serum amyloid A (SAA), and selected biochemical markers (T-Chol, AST, TP, Mg²⁺, P⁺, and Ca²⁺) in the blood of mares during the perinatal period. The study involved 14 mares of the Polish Coldblood Horse breed, which were in the third trimester of pregnancy. Blood was collected for testing 2 weeks before parturition and then 24 hours after delivery and in the foal heat (9 days) and 9 days after ovulation and breeding. The research revealed significant differences in the level of PRL and SAA before and after delivery. The highest PRL level was found 24 hours after delivery, lowest in foal heat and 9 days after ovulation. Serum amyloid A concentration was within the accepted norms; however, on day 9 after foaling, a significant increase of this protein was observed. All biochemical markers were within physiological limits. However, significant increases in T-Chol, AST, and TP levels was observed 24 hours after the delivery, whereas in foal heat and after ovulation levels of T-Chol and TP significantly decreased and the AST level remained at a similar level. There were no significant changes in electrolyte levels such as Mg²⁺, P⁺, and Ca²⁺. The pregnancy rate in the foal heat was at 43%. Collectively, the results of this study in conjunction with clinical observations demonstrated that when the perinatal period was normal, no disturbances in health related to pregnancy, parturition, lactation, and reproductive status during the postpartum period were found.     

椰子种质资源、栽培与利用研究进展

椰子是热带地区主要木本油料作物,也是食品能源作物;不仅口感清凉,风味独特,并含有大量的营养成分,并且具有解毒、美容、消毒等功效.随着椰子产业发展,对椰子需求越来越大,因此,椰子规模化生产发展迅速,关于椰子各方面研究非常重要,同时也受到人们重视.然而,与其他经济作物相比,椰子种质资源、栽培、产品加工及作用等研究较晚,研究...     

海带水解物对泌乳奶牛生产性能及血清生化、抗氧化与免疫指标的影响

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation of Laminaria japonica hydrolysate (LPH) on performance and serum indexes of dairy cows. Ninety high⁃yield Holstein dairy cows with similar body condition, milk yield of (41.2 ±6.6) kg / d and lactation days of (125 ±16) d were randomly divided into 3 groups with 30 cows in each group according to randomized grouping design. Cows in the three groups were fed the same basal diet, and the three groups were complementally fed 0 (control group), 15 (L group) and 30 g / (head·d) LPH (H group), respectively. The experiment lasted for 60 days. The results showed as follows: 1) dairy cows complementally fed 15 g / (head·d) LPH had no significant effects on dry matter intake and milk yield (P > 0. 05), while dairy cows complementally fed 30 g / (head · d) LPH could significantly reduce dry matter intake without affecting milk yield (P <0.05) . 2) The supplementaion of 15 or 30 g / (head·d) LPH significantly increased milk protein content (P < 0. 05), and there was a trend of decrease in somatic cell number (P = 0.07), while the it had no significant effects on milk fat, lactose, total solids and milk urea nitrogen contents (P >0.05) . 3) The supplementaion of 15 or 30 g / (head·d) LPH significantly decreased serum total cholesterol content (P <0.05) . Serum glucose and high density lipoprotein cholesterol contents of cows in H group were extremely significantly increased (P <0.01), serum total protein content of cows in L group had an upward trend (P = 0.06), and serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL⁃C) content in group H tended to decrease (P = 0.09) . The supplementaion of 15 or 30 g / (head·d) LPH had no significant effects on the contents of albumin, triglyceride, urea nitrogen and the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase in serum (P >0.05) . 4) The supplementaion of 15 or 30 g / (head·d) LPH extremely significantly increased serum total antioxidant capacity (P < 0. 01), significantly increased serum superoxide dismutase activity (P <0.05), and significantly decreased serum malondialdehyde content (P < 0. 05) . 5) The supplementaion of 15 or 30 g / (head·d) LPH extremely significantly increased the contents of serum immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G (P < 0. 01), and the supplementation of 15 g / (head · d) LPH significantly increased the content of serum immunoglobulin M (P <0.05) . In conclusion, the supplementation of 15 g / (head·d) LPH can improve serum indexes, enhance antioxidant capacity and immunity of dairy cows without affecting dry matter intake and milk yield, at the same time, it can delay the decrease of milk yield, increase the milk protein content and reduce the milk somatic cell count. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Co., Ltd.     

‘和牛’ב秦川牛’F_1代血清生化指标、肝脏食用品质及其相关性的分析

为了研究‘和牛’ב秦川牛’F1代杂交牛的血液和肝脏特性,以F1代杂交牛作为试验组,‘秦川牛’为对照组,测定了2种牛的血清指标和肝脏食用品质.结果发现:杂交牛血清中K+离子浓度达7.66mmol/L,HDL浓度为1.91mmol/L,LDH浓度达1 994.00U/L,均极显著高于‘秦川牛’(P<0.01).杂交牛肝的a*值显著高于‘秦川牛’(P<0.05),b*值极显著高于‘秦川牛’(P<0.01).杂交牛肝的pH1值、失水率显著低于‘秦川牛’肝脏(P<0.05),熟肉率显著高于‘秦川牛’肝脏(P<0.05).对杂交牛的血清生化指标和肝脏食用品质进行了相关分析,通过主成分分析法确定AST,K,T4为血清代表性指标,建立了食用品质与血清指标的最优回归方程.     

Biochemical and Haematological Measurements in Beef Cattle in Mendoza Plain Rangelands (Argentina)

Biochemical and haematological measurements were used to identify constraints on productivity in beef cattle. One hundred and twelve Aberdeen Angus and Criollo Argentine females including lactating cows, dry non-pregnant cows and heifers were selected. Blood samples were taken in the middle of summer and autumn. Serum was analysed for haemoglobin, PCV, glucose, albumin, urea, creatinine, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Cu, ALP, AST, ALT, CK, LDH, Cl∼, Na and K content. Globulin was calculated by taking the difference between total protein and albumin. Percentages of all cattle that had metabolite levels outside reference ranges were: 15% (glucose), 8% (globulin), 5% (urea), 96% (Ca), 50% (P), 12% (Mg), 20% (Na), 5% (K), 24% (Cl), 18% (Fe), 5% (Cu) and 85% (CK). These results indicate with some certainty that dietary protein was not limiting. Body condition score loss was detected only in lactating cows. There were a few animals that could have presented chronic inflammatory disease. Phosphorus could be an important potential constraint on fertility, although the presence of symptoms of hypophosphataemia was not observed. The study also demonstrates the absence of anaemia or liver disease. Breed, seasonal and physiological state differences in some blood metabolites could be attributed to one or more of the following factors: chemical composition of the feed ingested, environmental temperature, nutrient content of the forage, animal age and cattle foraging experience. The study provides a basis for implementing helpful adjustments in current cattle management practices so as to alleviate the constraints on productivity, provided that these practices are profitable.