Biochemical and antioxidant changes in plasma and erythrocytes of pentathlon horses before and after exercise

Abstract: Physical exercise in the horse induces a series of normal physiological and biochemical adaptations. Increasing metabolism and oxygen uptake may induce oxidative stress in various organs. The aim of this study was to examine exercise-induced changes in some plasma and RBC biochemical and antioxidant variables in pentathlon horses. Blood samples were taken from 14 horses before, immediately after, and 24 hours after competing in two 1-minute runs of intense exercise over jumps. The peak intensity periods were preceded by a 20-minute warm-up and separated by a 20-minute break. The following plasma biochemical analytes were determined: total protein, uric acid, and lactate concentrations, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities. Total antioxidant status (TAS) and the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) also were measured. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), and total protein concentrations, and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined in RBC hemolysates. Significantly increased concentrations of total protein, lactate, and FRAP, and increased activities of CK and LDH were observed immediately postexercise compared with pre-exercise samples (P < .05). All results returned to approximately initial values after 24 hours of rest. RBC GSH and TBARS concentrations did not change immediately after exercise, but decreased after 24 hours of rest (P < .05). Plasma uric acid and FRAP values were positively correlated in a linear model ( r = .78). In summary, the type of exercise applied in this study, which can be considered quite usual for pentathlon horses, caused detectable biochemical and lipid peroxidative changes in plasma and RBCs. FRAP and TAS values changed in opposite directions, indicating that when antioxidant capacity is assessed using different methods, highly different results may be obtained.     

副猪嗜血杆菌的分离鉴定和药敏试验

采用细菌学检测方法和PCR技术对来自四川省遂宁市某规模化养猪场疑似副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)感染的发病猪只肺脏等病料进行了HPS分离鉴定,结果分离出1株疑似HPS的细菌,经形态学、染色及培养特性检测、生化试验、血清型试验16 S rDNA序列分析,鉴定为4型HPS.动物致病性试验显示HPS分离株均具有较强致病性,药敏试验表...     

广州地区福禄桐叶斑病病原鉴定

广州地区发现的福禄桐叶斑病是在福禄桐植株上发现的一种新病害,该病发病率为10%~50%,严重影响了福禄桐的经济价值。对从广州采集的福禄桐叶斑病病部分离的致病菌株FLT4进行致病性测定和生理生化鉴定分析,并对该菌的16S r RNA进行PCR扩增,运用MEGA6.0进行系统发育分析。在16S r RNA序列的系统发育树中,病原菌株FLT4与Xanthomonas campestris pv.vesicatoria、X.axonopodis和X.citri在同一分支,根据伯杰氏系统鉴定手册(第2版),X.campestris pv.vesicatoria和X.citri都归入到X.axonopodis中。生理生化性状测定结果显示,病原菌株FLT4与X.axonopodis的生理生化性状相似性为55.56%,因此初步将福禄桐叶斑病病原菌鉴定为X.axonopodis。     

Clinical haematology and biochemistry profiles of cattle naturally infected with Theileria orientalis Ikeda type in New Zealand

AIMS: To present the haematology and biochemistry profiles for cattle in New Zealand naturally infected with Theileria orientalis Ikeda type and investigate if the results differed between adult dairy cattle and calves aged <6 months.

METHODS: Haematology and biochemistry results were obtained from blood samples from cattle which tested positive for T. orientalis Ikeda type by PCR, that were submitted to veterinary laboratories in New Zealand between October 2012 and November 2014. Data sets for haematology and biochemistry results were prepared for adult dairy cattle (n=62 and 28, respectively) and calves aged <6 months (n=62 and 28, respectively), which were matched on the basis of individual haematocrit (HCT). Results were compared between age groups when categorised by HCT. Selected variables were plotted against individual HCT, and locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (Loess) curves were fitted to the data for adult dairy cattle and calves <6 months old.

RESULTS: When categorised by HCT, the proportion of samples with HCT <0.15 L/L (severe anaemia) was greater for adult dairy cattle than for beef or dairy calves, for both haematology (p<0.002) and biochemistry (p<0.001) submissions. There were differences (p<0.05) between adult dairy cattle and calves aged <6 months in the relationships between HCT and red blood cell counts, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentrations, lymphocyte and eosinophil counts, and activities of glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase. In both age groups anisocytosis was frequently recorded. The proportion of blood smears showing mild and moderate macrocytosis was greater in adults than calves (p=0.01), and mild and moderate poikilocytosis was greater in calves than adults (p=0.005).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The haematology and biochemistry changes observed in cattle infected with T. orientalis Ikeda type were consistent with extravascular haemolytic anaemia. Adult dairy cattle were more likely to be severely anaemic than calves. There were differences in haematology and biochemistry profiles between adult dairy cattle and calves, but most of these differences likely had a physiological rather than pathological basis. Overall, the haematological changes in calves aged <6 months appeared less severe than in adult dairy cattle.     

Effect of lactic acid bacteria‐treated King grass silage on the performance traits and serum metabolites in New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

This study examined the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici‐treated silage of King grass (Pennisetum purpureophoides) on the productive traits and blood biochemistry of New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits. King grass was ensiled without or with L. plantarum (T1), P. acidilactici (T2) and P. acidilactici + L. plantarum (T3). A total of 72 male NZW rabbits (6 weeks) of similar weight and appearance were housed in groups in metallic cages in a completely randomized design. The performance traits, daily feed intake, body weight gain and feed convention ratio were not affected by the silage treatment. Triglyceride and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentration was increased (p < .05) in T2 (0.92 mmol/L) compared to the other treatments. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), phosphorous (P) and magnesium (Mg) increased (p < .05) in T1 (658.01 nmol/ml, 5.1 mg/kg and 2.43 mg/kg, respectively) compared to the control and other experimental groups. Cu and Mn decreased (p < .05), while Zn increased (p < .05) in the treated groups compared to the control. The CP decreased (p < .05) in the treatment groups compared to the control. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) increased (p < .05) in T2 (54.40%) compared to the other treatments. The inoculation of lactic acid bacteria‐treated King grass silage supplementation positively affected rabbit performance and improved blood cholesterol profile, antioxidant status and improve nutrients digestibility.     

Evaluation of haematological,serum biochemical and histopathological parameters of growing rabbits fed Amaranthus dubius

Amaranthus dubius is an alternative source of fibre and protein for the feed formulation for growing rabbits, although its effects on their health status are yet unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of three dietary levels (0, 160 and 320 g/kg) of A. dubius on haematological, serum biochemical and histopathological parameters of fattening rabbits. One hundred and thirteen New Zealand White rabbits were fed ad libitum from weaning (35 days) to slaughter (87 days). The health status of the animals was monitored, and mortality was recorded. Before slaughtering, 30 rabbits were randomly selected for haematological and serum biochemical analysis. During slaughter, 18 rabbits were randomly selected for histopathological study in heart, liver, lung and small intestine. The health status of rabbits was good, with no differences among treatments in mortality. Diet and sex did not affect the values of most haematological and serum biochemical parameters. Fibrinogen, glucose and high‐density lipoprotein values increased significantly from 0 to 320 g/kg A. dubius diets. The white blood cell count and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase values decreased significantly from 0 to 320 g/kg A. dubius diets. The organs showed histologically well‐structured tissues. However, in all experimental groups several samples with lesions were observed, always highly focalized in small tissue areas. The main lesions observed, probably related to conditions of thermal stress affecting the rabbits, were cholesterolosis (heart), steatosis (liver), inflammatory lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate (lung) and chronic inflammatory tissue damage (small intestine). In conclusion, the inclusion of up to 320 g/kg A. dubius in diet did not jeopardize the health status of growing rabbits. Therefore, A. dubius can become an alternative raw material for the formulation of feeds in tropical and subtropical countries where this plant is widespread.     

放牧型合作猪生态特性的初步研究

对放牧型合作猪品种特性及其生物学特性和生态环境适应性进行研究,并探讨了放牧型合作猪品种形成与生态环境的关系.结果表明,放牧型合作猪是适应特殊生态环境的产物;不同性别生理生化指标无显著性(P＞0.05)差异;不同生长阶段部分指标有显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)差异.研究显示放牧型合作猪对高寒草原气候具有较强的适应性.     

固体保鲜缓释剂对荔枝低温保鲜研究

针对当前荔枝保鲜熏硫或浸硫处理而引起硫含量超标，本试验采用缓慢释放SO2、CO2气体方法处理荔枝，研究了荔枝在低温下的果皮褐变及其某些生理生化变化，结果表明在2－4℃贮藏条件下，降低呼吸强度，乙醇含量增加，PPO酶活性下降。而采用缓释剂b处理，可贮藏60d，其效果最好，好果率为90．1％，褐变指数仅为1．40，PPO酶活性为2．01，其SO2残留尚未超标。     

植物生长平衡营养液在大豆幼苗上的生理效应研究

研究了不同浓度的植物生长平衡营养液对大豆（西豆3号）苗期生理性生化特性的影响,结果表明：以稀释50倍的浓度效果最佳,能促进大豆幼苗生长,提高根系活力、可溶蛋白质、可溶性糖、叶绿素含量,增强抗性。     

麻醉剂丁香酚对西伯利亚鲟稚鱼耗氧率与幼鱼血液生化指标的影响

研究了不同浓度的麻醉剂丁香酚对西伯利亚鲟Acipenser baerii稚鱼耗氧率与幼鱼血液生化指标的影响。结果表明：西伯利亚鲟稚鱼经2-30 mg/L的丁香酚麻醉2 h后,耗氧率呈现先上升而后下降的趋势,麻醉浓度为2、4 mg/L组稚鱼的耗氧率显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,6 mg/L浓度组与对照组无显著差异（P〉0.05）,8-30 mg/L的5个浓度组显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;西伯利亚鲟幼鱼经60-180 mg/L的丁香酚麻醉10 min后,各试验组间幼鱼血液中磷离子、总蛋白、总胆固醇、血糖、尿素、谷丙转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶浓度均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;各试验组幼鱼血液中高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯浓度显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,而总胆红素浓度低于对照组（P〈0.05）;90-180 mg/L浓度组幼鱼血液中的镁离子浓度高于对照组;120-180 mg/L浓度组幼鱼血液中的谷草转氨酶浓度高于对照组;各试验组间白蛋白与乳酸脱氢酶浓度波动较大。以上结果初步表明,8-30 mg/L丁香酚可应用于西伯利亚鲟稚鱼的短途运输中,60-90 mg/L丁香酚对西伯利亚鲟幼鱼血液生化的影响相对较小。