不同CO2浓度对豇豆光合特性和若干生理生化指标的影响

在南方温室栽培环境下,研究不同CO2浓度对矮生豇豆幼苗叶片光合特性和生理生化指标的影响。结果表明,不同CO2浓度下,豇豆叶片光合色素、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量随CO2浓度的升高均有不同程度的提高。高CO2浓度还明显提高叶片的光合速率,但蒸腾速率则较对照CK有所下降。在不同CO2浓度下,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性变化较大,且均以CO2浓度为1200 mL/m3时活性最高。高浓度CO2使得豇豆叶片中的丙二醛含量明显降低。     

高等学校食品专业生物化学教学的改革探讨

结合高等学校食品专业特色和生物化学课程教学实际,从优化教学内容、提倡灵活的教学方法和形象的教学手段、整合实验教学环节、加强师生间情感交流等方面加以改革探索,从而提高生物化学课程的教学效果、增强学生素质。     

Relationship among blood indicators of lipomobilization and hepatic function during early lactation in high-yielding dairy cows

Blood indicators are used as a tool to diagnose metabolic disorders. The present work was conducted to study the relationships among blood indicators of lipomobilization and hepatic function in high-yielding dairy cows. Two groups of Holstein cows were studied: 27 early lactation cows and 14 mid lactation cows from four different herds with similar husbandry characteristics in Galicia, Spain. Blood samples were obtained to measure beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides (TG), and the activity of aspartate transaminase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Cows in early lactation had higher levels of BHB and NEFA than mid lactation cows. High lipomobilization (NEFA > 400 µmol/L) was detected in 67% and 7% of early lactation and mid lactation cows, respectively, while subclinical ketosis (BHB > 1.2 mmol/L) was detected in 41% and 28% of the early lactation and lactation cows, respectively. TG concentrations were low in all cows suffering subclinical ketosis and in 61% of the cows with high lipomobilization. During early lactation, 30% of cows suffered hepatic lipidosis as detected by levels of AST. Compromised hepatic function was observed in early lactation cows as shown by lower concentrations of glucose, total protein, and urea.     

两用核不育水稻基础研究进展

两用核不育水稻的育性受光周期和温度的调控,光温之间还存在互作效应,从生理、遗传角度可解释这种现象。遗传背景、育性指标的不同,研究方法的局限性以及两用核不育水稻的基本特性导致了遗传研究的复杂性。在育性转换过程中,一些生理生化物质会发生相应变化,并与育性相关。本文还从生态、遗传角度讨论了能否用粳稻中的不育基因转育成典型籼稻光敏不育系的问题,并就如何提高不育系稳定性问题进行了讨论,认为利用人工辅助法来提高稳定性是目前值得深入探讨的问题。     

园艺专业中职本科生基础生物化学教学模式改革

基础生物化学是园艺专业重要的专业基础课。针对园艺专业中职生源的本科生理论基础薄弱、学习能力相对较差的特点,在教学过程中,充分发挥教师的引导作用,不断激发学生的学习兴趣和主动性,增强学生的学习能力,在教学方法、教学内容、实践教学及成绩评定等方面进行了教学模式改革,获得了较为理想的教学效果。     

Seasonal variation in testicular blood flow dynamics and their relation to systemic and testicular oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers and androgens in rams

The environmental temperature increased during summer and decreased during winter to the limits that might negatively affect animal and human reproduction. The responses of Egyptian rams to either hot or cold climatic conditions were studied in six mature rams subjected to weekly testicular Doppler ultrasonographic examination, blood sampling, seminal plasma collection and semen evaluation. The maximum environmental temperature and the relative humidity were used to classify the climatic condition according to the heat stress equation of sheep into hot months where temperature–humidity index (THI) was >26 (31.67 ± 0.54), and cold months where THI was <22 (18.39 ± 0.41). Testosterone, estradiol, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and lipid peroxide product (malondialdehyde, MDA) were measured in both blood and seminal plasma, while catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in blood and seminal plasma, respectively. Results revealed that, during the hot months, rams displayed significantly decreased testicular blood flow, increased seminal plasma MDA, decreased seminal plasma (SOD, GPx and GSH) and blood CAT antioxidant enzymes. The present study evidenced two novel findings: (a) the marked decrease in testicular blood flow volume, that is remarkable increase in both resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) values, during hot months could be negatively affected both seminal plasma enzymatic activities and seminal attributes, and (b) the SOD and GPx activities in seminal plasma of such animals were suitable predictive markers for seminal attribute evaluation.     

课堂演示型基础生物化学CAI课件的设计与制作

以POWERPOINT为主，在WINDOWS下制作课堂演示型生物化学CAI课件，介绍课件的设计思路与制作方法。     

红鳍东方鲀死后僵直及生化变化特性

以养殖红鳍东方鲀为研究对象,活体速杀放血去内脏,设冰藏组和室温组进行6 d对照贮藏。贮藏期间观察记录鱼体死后僵直状态并监测僵直指数,跟踪分析肌肉生化变化,生化指标包括ATP及关联物、糖原、pH以及肌肉蛋白磷酸化等。结果显示,冰藏组在死后7 h左右才开始发生僵直,僵直指数最大可达89%,并可维持20～24 h;冰藏至第4天,僵直指数仍可分别保持在9%和16%。室温对照组中没有明显观察到僵直发生发展过程,虽然测出最大僵直指数为71%,但僵直现象转瞬即逝。死后贮藏过程中糖原水平迅速下降,室温对照组贮藏至第3天几乎消耗完全,而冰藏组消耗殆尽发生在5 d以后;肌肉pH分析结果与糖原变化趋势相似,冰藏组的pH值较室温对照组下降的慢,且高于室温对照组。速杀后至僵直开始,各处理组ATP均迅速消耗,IMP快速积累且为主要核苷酸降解产物;冰藏组IMP在第3天左右达到最大值9.5μmol/g,随后开始呈下降趋势,贮藏到第6天时IMP仍保持在7.5μmol/g左右,始终处于较高水平。室温对照组则为IMP在第1天达到最大值9.2μmol/g后迅速下降,Hx积累量明显增多。蛋白质磷酸化结果表明,鱼体死后的僵直状态...     

棉籽油制备生物柴油的生物降解性能

以棉籽油甲酯、乙酯生物柴油及其与石化柴油形成的调和油为研究对象,采用改进的Sturm试验方法,考察了生物柴油及其调和油的生物降解特点。研究表明：在有氧的水环境中生物降解28 d,棉籽乙酯生物柴油与甲酯生物柴油生物降解率分别达99.7%和99.1%;对甲酯生物柴油而言,生物柴油体积分数为50%和20%的调和油的28 d生物降解率分别为93.8%和80.8%,而乙酯生物柴油体积分数为50%和20%的调和油的28 d生物降解率分别95.7%和81.9%,但在相同条件下,0#柴油生物降解率仅49.9%;生物柴油在调和油中体积比越大,调和油的生物降解速度越快,生物柴油对石化柴油的生物降解具有促进作用。该文对认识棉籽油生物柴油在环境中的消解规律,控制环境污染具有一定的意义。