饲粮铬对0—3周龄肉鸡生长,血清生化特性和免疫功能的影响

用１日龄Ａｒｂｏｒ Ａｃｒｅｓ（ＡＡ）商品代肉公鸡３８４只,研究饲粮添加铬源与铬水平对００－３周龄肉鸡生长,血清生化特性和免疫功能的影响。试鸡按体重随机分成８组,分别喂以添加铬的玉米－豆粕型基础饲粮（含铬０．３４ｍｇ／ｋｇ）及这种基础饲粮分别添加０．４,２．０,１０．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ铬分别源于三氯化铬和酵母铬的饲粮以及２０．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ铬源于三氯化铬的饲粮。     

长白山区松口蘑的生态习性及驯化栽培

松口蘑是珍稀濒危的食用、药用真菌．该菌生态习性特殊,目前仍处于野生或半人工栽培状况．长白山区松口蘑发生地的植被结构简单,土壤呈酸性,养分含量低,松口蘑的发生量与气温和降水关系密切．松口蘑的半人工栽培理论和实践揭示了松口蘑的适应性和驯化潜能,进行人工栽培应以松口蘑纯培养菌种制作为突破口,通过改善栽培条件和利用有益微生物来扩大松口蘑菌种的适应性和变异性,挖掘驯化潜能,增强松口蘑菌种与赤松幼根的结合力,造就人工菌根,进而实现应用纯培养菌种林地栽培松口蘑     

一类多分子生化反应系统模型的定性分析

对一类生化反应系统模型进行定性分析,得到了系统解的有界性与极限环不存在的充分条件。     

不同栽插方式对双季稻生理特性和产量的影响

为探明南方双季稻区不同栽插方式对水稻生理特性和产量的影响,根据早稻和晚稻的育苗移栽方式设置双季稻抛栽、手插和机插3种栽插处理,对3种栽插方式下双季稻的叶片保护性酶活性、光合特性和产量进行研究和分析。结果表明,在早、晚稻各主要生育时期,抛栽和手插处理均有利于提高水稻叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性,降低叶片丙二醛和脯氨酸含量。各处理水稻叶片SPAD值和净光合速率大小均表现为抛栽＞手插＞机插,叶片气孔导度和蒸腾速率大小表现为分别手插＞抛栽＞机插和机插＞手插＞抛栽。各处理间水稻千粒重均无显著性差异;早稻和晚稻产量均以抛栽处理最高,分别较机插处理增加1 506.7和1 444.5 kg·hm^-2。因此,抛栽处理有利于提高双季稻植株叶片保护性酶活性和光合特性,改善产量构成因素,从而获得较高的水稻产量。     

陕北渭北粮食开发的潜力与途径

论述了陕北渭北粮食开发的重要意义,定量分析了陕北渭北粮食播种面积、粮食单位面积产量和粮食总产量增长潜力。结果表明,在现有栽培技术条件下,“二北”粮食总产量最高可望达到７８．５０亿ｋｇ,较“八五”期间净增产４３．６７亿ｋｇ．最后分析了潜力开发的可能途径与应具备的条件。     

河套灌区节水型农田防护林建设与节水潜力

通过河套灌区小美旱杨蒸腾作用的定量研究 ,计算不同林龄、不同更新方式小美旱农田防护林带的耗水量 ;论述河套灌区建设节水型农田防护林的意义及节水潜力 ,并对小美旱防护林带的改造提出建议。     

气候变化条件下木瓜秀粉蚧在中国的潜在适生区预测

为明确木瓜秀粉蚧Paracoccus marginatus Williams et Granara de Willink 1922在中国的潜在适生区,基于中国820个气象站点的气象数据和未来气候变化数据,结合木瓜秀粉蚧的生物学特性,利用CLIMEX模型对该虫在中国当前气候以及未来气候条件下的潜在适生区进行预测。结果显示,木瓜秀粉蚧在中国的潜在适生区主要在南方,适生区面积占全国陆地总面积的9.07%。高适生区主要包括海南省、广东省南部、广西壮族自治区南部以及福建省和云南省小部分地区。在未来气候条件下,2050年木瓜秀粉蚧的潜在适生区将进一步扩大,适生区面积所占比例将增加至15.46%,且有向北移动的趋势。表明木瓜秀粉蚧对中国南方地区的农业潜在威胁巨大,建议将该虫增补为检疫对象,并加强检疫监管和种群动态监测。     

基于最小势能原理的延绳钓渔具作业状态数值模拟

基于有限元理论及最小势能原理,以2008年9月到2009年1月海上实测的188枚钓钩的深度、24个站点不同深度的三维海流数据、渔具参数和作业参数为基础,建立并验证了延绳钓三维最小势能模型。结果表明:(1)建立的延绳钓最小势能模型可以计算得出任何三维分层海流作用下延绳钓的三维形状和钓钩的深度,大部分钓钩的实测深度与数学模型数值深度之间的差别不大,其平均差值为12.03 m,差值范围为0.02～40.36 m(方差S2=100.30,标准差S=10.01,n=188),通过成对双样本均值分析,实测深度与数值深度无显著性差异(P>0.05);(2)延绳钓渔具的干线在海水中稳定后并不是呈平滑的悬链线,而是波浪形的曲线;(3)圆柱体轴线与流向垂直时的阻力系数(CN90)取值对于数值模拟的结果有一定的影响,CN90值的选取与研究对象的雷诺数有关。延绳钓最小势能数值模型能够有效模拟并预测延绳钓在不同深度的三维海流作用下的形状、钓钩深度并达到可视化。     

A physiological and biochemical approach to selecting the ideal diet for Ostrea edulis (L.) broodstock conditioning (part A)

To select the best microalgae for Ostrea edulis conditioning, four single species diets were fed to batches of broodstock, which were then compared using physiological and biochemical approaches. Ingestion and absorption were first studied, showing that Chaetoceros gracilis and Skeletonema marinoï were efficiently ingested (4.9–5.3 mg g^?1 h^?1) and absorbed (1.9–2.5 mg g^?1 h^?1) while Tetraselmis suecica led to the lowest physiological responses (0.36 and 0.12 mg g^?1 h^?1 respectively). When O. edulis were fed any microalgae except T‐ISO with only 79 mg g^?1, gonads accumulated carbohydrates from 116 to 141 mg g^?1 and the extent of accumulation depended on the species supplied in the order T. suecica<C. gracilis<S. marinoï. When oysters were fed either of the diatoms (C. gracilis or S. marinoï), an efficient transfer of 20:5(n‐3) to all tissues, including the gonads, was recorded while no enrichment in 22:6(n‐3) occurred in all tissues (polar fraction) when oysters were fed T‐ISO. In contrast (22:5(n‐6)), a characteristic fatty acid of T‐ISO accumulated in all tissues, confirming its allocation despite particularly low ingestion (1.66 mg g^?1 h^?1) and absorption (0.32 mg g^?1 h^?1). When oysters were fed C. gracilis or S. marinoï an efficient transfer of cholesterol and campesterol from diatoms to the gonads was observed, while no sterol accumulation occurred in the gonad when fed T. suecica. Because of low ingestion, absorption and poor biochemical compounds' transfer, T. suecica is not recommended for O. edulis conditioning. T‐ISO also exhibited low physiological performances but due to a specific 22:6(n‐3) enrichment in the gonad neutral fraction (16.1%), its potential role in reproduction should be considered. Chaetoceros gracilis is highly recommended for O. edulis broodstock while a source of DHA other than that provided by T‐ISO should be found due to its poor absorption. Because a mixed diet has been shown to be more efficient for O. edulis broodstock conditioning, complementary trials dealing with the effects of other species rich in 22:6(n‐3) such as Rhodomonas salina or Pavlova lutheri should be performed.     

Suitability of plant physiological methods to estimate the transpiration of agricultural crops

Transpiration is the main part of the water balance in the system soil-plant during the vegetation period. Its determination or calculation is essential for modeling of soil moisture content or solute transport. Transpiration is difficult to quantify because it is influenced by the atmosphere, the soil, and the plants. This paper describes the potential and limitations of plant physiological methods (sap flow, gas exchange, leaf water potential) to estimate the transpiration. A weighable lysimeter was used as reference method. Results are shown for corn [Zea mays L.] and rape [Brassica napus L.]) for the years 1998 and 1999. At days without rain the diurnal transpiration rates, determined by the plant physiological methods and by the lysimeter differ by less than 12%. The results demonstrate that the plant physiological methods applied are important for an understanding of the complex transpiration process. Limitations lie in the difficulties in up-scaling, and the impossibility of measurements of the absolute actual transpiration rates of agricultural crops for longer periods like months or years.