用丝素蛋白作壁材制备丝素蛋白-维生素E微胶囊的试验

以具有良好乳化性、稳定性及胶体特性的丝素蛋白溶液作为壁材,与维生素E共混后进行高温喷雾干燥,制备丝素蛋白-维生素E微胶囊。通过优化维生素E与丝素蛋白溶液的配比,提高微胶囊的成囊性能。当维生素E与1%丝素蛋白溶液的质量比为0.5∶1时,制备的微胶囊成囊性能较好,包埋率在90%以上,胶囊颗粒间大小相差不大,囊径在3～5μm之间,囊壁厚度在500 nm～1μm之间。推测丝素蛋白囊壁在高温喷雾干燥过程中其蛋白质结晶区结构发生变化,从而有利于提高对药物的缓释性能。     

Proceedings of the 2013 Joint JSTP/NTP Satellite Symposium

The first joint Japanese Society of Toxicologic Pathology (JSTP) and National Toxicology Program (NTP) Satellite Symposium, entitled “Pathology Potpourri,” was held on January 29^th at Okura Frontier Hotel in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, in advance of the JSTP’s 29^th Annual Meeting. The goal of this Symposium was to present current diagnostic pathology or nomenclature issues to the toxicologic pathology community. This article presents summaries of the speakers’ presentations, including diagnostic or nomenclature issues that were presented, select images that were used for audience voting or discussion, and the voting results. Some lesions and topics covered during the symposium include: treatment-related atypical hepatocellular foci of cellular alteration in B6C3F1 mice; purulent ventriculoencephalitis in a young BALB/c mouse; a subcutaneous malignant schwannoma in a RccHan:WIST rat; spontaneous nasal septum hyalinosis/eosinophilic substance in B6C3F1 mice; a rare pancreatic ductal cell adenoma in a young Lewis rat; eosinophilic crystalline pneumonia in a transgenic mouse model; hyaline glomerulopathy in two female ddY mice; treatment-related intrahepatic erythrocytes in B6C3F1 mice; treatment-related subendothelial hepatocytes in B6C3F1 mice; spontaneous thyroid follicular cell vacuolar degeneration in a cynomolgus monkey; congenital hepatic fibrosis in a 1-year-old cat; a spontaneous adenocarcinoma of the middle ear in a young Crl:CD(SD) rat; and finally a series of cases illustrating some differences between cholangiofibrosis and cholangiocarcinoma in Sprague Dawley and F344 rats.     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌免疫原性研究Ⅱ.荚膜提取物免疫原性测定

本研究对Ⅰ型鸭疫里默氏杆菌的荚膜提取物的免疫原性进行了研究,结果表明,荚膜粗提物和经过苯酚抽提纯化后的荚膜提取物经２次免疫７日龄北京鸭后对同源细菌的攻毒保护率分别为９０％和７０％;采用ＥＬＩＳＡ检测荚膜提取物免疫后抗体产生规律显示,二者刺激机体产生的抗体水平有一定的差异,荚膜粗提物免疫组抗体水平高于纯化后的免疫组,前者抗体下降速度较后者慢。     

CANALOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF THE EXTERNAL EAR CANAL IN DOGS

Canalography was performed to measure the diameter of the horizontal ear canal and to assess the clinical relevance of the measurements in identifying abnormalities of the ear canal. The diameter of the proximal and distal end of the annular cartilage in the horizontal ear canal was measured using canalography in 222 ears. The tympanic membrane could not be visualized with otoscopic examination in 70 ears even after ear cleansing. These canals were classified as being stenotic. The diameter of the proximal annular cartilage in the stenotic canals ranged from 0.8 to 3.1 mm (mean = 2.6 +/- 0.8 mm). The proximal annular cartilage was consistently smaller in diameter than the distal annular cartilage. The ratio between the diameter of the proximal and distal annular cartilage varied between dogs. In stenotic ear canals (70 ears) the ratio was less than 0.65. Total ear canal ablations and histopathological analysis were performed in 70 ear canals classified as stenotic after canalography. Hyperplasia of the epidermal layer was found in 56 stenotic canals. Stenosis of the canal due to otitis externa was found in the other 14 canals. Three canals with severe otitis externa were also diagnosed with canalography as having a ruptured tympanic membrane. The results suggest that canalography can be used to measure the diameter of the horizontal ear canal and to assess whether or not the tympanic membrane is ruptured prior to conservative or surgical therapy.     

PAL复合菌在养猪发酵床中的应用

为探讨PAL材料替代玉米秸秆粉进行发酵床养猪的可行性,以期为PAL材料用作养猪发酵床垫料提供科学依据。以小麦、玉米和锯木屑制作发酵床垫料为对照,以PAL材料替代玉米秸秆粉制作发酵床养猪,4个月后计算猪平均日增重和料肉比,并检测垫料温度、湿度、N、P、K含量和猪舍H2S、NH3浓度。结果表明,以PAL材料替代30%锯木屑的猪增重效果与对照处理较接近;除了以PAL材料替代30%锯木屑的垫料湿度与对照处理相近外,其他处理则显著或极显著高于对照处理;发酵床垫料中N、P、K含量也是以PAL材料替代30%锯木屑的与对照处理较接近;各处理发酵床猪舍H2S、NH3浓度均低于行业标准的要求。     

全株玉米青贮与去穗秸秆青贮饲喂肉牛的增重效果对比试验

利用蜡熟期全株玉米青贮和完熟期去穗玉米秸秆青贮,分别饲喂肉牛,进行育肥增重试验。30头供试肉牛平均分为两组,通过对比试验,其结果为:喂全株玉米青贮组头均日增重1891g,喂去穗秸秆青贮组头均日增重 997 g,经分析差异极显著(P<0.01)。将两组所耗精料、粗料及所增毛重按当时市场价分析,60 d试验结束,喂全株青贮组和去穗青贮组,平均每头获利分别为291.90元和97.02元;每千克增重费用分别为4.69元和5.28元。用全株玉米青贮饲喂肉牛效果优于去穗秸秆青贮,且适口性强,消化利用率高,增重效果明显,在平原农区应大力推广。     

2.25Cr-1Mo与铁铝合金高温抗氧化性能的对比研究

对2．25Cr-10钢与铁铝合金的高温抗氧化性能进行了对比研究。铁铝合金具有许多性能上的优点，尤其在其高温抗氧化性能方面。明显优于不锈钢、铬钼钢等传统的高温结构材料，并且随着温度的升高及铝含量的增加，其优势更加显著。     

粮食安全视域下生态低碳农业的发展战略与路径选择

实现粮食安全战略与“双碳”目标是加快农业农村现代化步伐、加快建设农业强国的关键。为助推粮食安全战略与“双碳”目标的同步实现,本研究立足粮食安全视域,阐释生态低碳农业的科学内涵,厘清粮食安全与生态低碳农业的辩证关系,剖析粮食安全战略下生态低碳农业发展面临的问题与挑战,并针对性提出发展战略与推进路径。研究发现,在“大食物观”“大产业观”“大农业观”指导下,生态低碳农业涉及全食物品类、全产业流程、全生活环节。粮食安全是发展生态低碳农业的底线要求,生态低碳农业是可持续保障粮食安全的应有之义。当前,发展生态低碳农业面临自然资源约束、科学技术瓶颈、小农生产模式、居民观念局限等现实困难,亟需探索水地资源拓展、技术创新应用、居民素质提升等有效路径,推动生态低碳农业实现“藏粮于地”“藏粮于技”“藏粮于民”。     

回转筒内秸秆碎料回转周期和料层完全混合时间研究

基于试验和理论分析,研究了回转筒型固态发酵罐内秸秆粉碎料的料床回转周期,建立了数学模型,其计算准确度达95%以上;结合图像分析法和料床回转周期,发现筒内上下料层完全混合时料层所转圈数与筒体转速关系不大,与筒内料体积填充率呈线性关系。由此回归并推导出只需知道筒内料体积填充率和筒体转速,便可预测上下料层完全混合的公式,其计算准确度达90%以上。提出了以上研究成果在工业级发酵罐中应用的方法。