反转录病毒载体RCASBP介导的EGFP基因在DF-1细胞中的表达

为建立反转录病毒载体RCASBP介导的增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)基因在DF-1细胞中的表达体系,本研究将PCR获得的EGFP基因插入反转录病毒载体RCASBP,构建重组反转录病毒载体RCASBP-EGFP,之后将重组载体转染DF-1细胞;用基于禽白血病病毒(ALV) p27抗原的ELISA检测盲传至第4代的细胞上清,ELISA阳性结果说明重组病毒拯救成功;荧光显微镜观察发现80%以上DF-1细胞都有明显的绿色荧光信号,证明DF-1细胞表达绿色荧光蛋白;对DF-1细胞基因组进行特异性PCR检测,扩增出特异性条带说明重组反转录病毒载体RCASBP-EGFP携带的EGFP基因整合到DF-1细胞的基因组中。本研究建立的RCASBP介导反转录病毒表达体系为研究ALV基因的结构和功能奠定了基础。     

介体传播的草莓病毒研究进展

草莓病毒在世界各草莓栽培区广泛分布,可随无性繁殖材料和传毒介体传播扩散,严重影响草莓的产量和品质。目前已知传播草莓病毒的介体主要有蚜虫、蓟马、粉虱、线虫和真菌等,总共可传播19种病毒,其中2个为病毒暂定种。本文综述了不同介体传播的草莓病毒的分类地位、分子生物学和生物学特性等方面的研究进展,同时总结并展望了介体传播草莓病毒的检测技术和防治方法的新策略。     

Control methods against invasive Aedes mosquitoes in Europe: a review

Five species of invasive Aedes mosquitoes have recently become established in Europe: Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegypti, Ae. japonicus japonicus, Ae. koreicus and Ae. atropalpus. These mosquitoes are a serious nuisance for people and are also competent vectors for several exotic pathogens such as dengue and chikungunya viruses. As they are a growing public health concern, methods to control these mosquitoes need to be implemented to reduce their biting and their potential for disease transmission. There is a crucial need to evaluate methods as part of an integrated invasive mosquito species control strategy in different European countries, taking into account local Aedes infestations and European regulations. This review presents the control methods available or in development against invasive Aedes mosquitoes, with a particular focus on those that can be implemented in Europe. These control methods are divided into five categories: environmental (source reduction), mechanical (trapping), biological (e.g. copepods, Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, Wolbachia), chemical (insect growth regulators, pyrethroids) and genetic (sterile insect technique and genetically modified mosquitoes). We discuss the effectiveness, ecological impact, sustainability and stage of development of each control method. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于NURBS曲面的小麦叶片三维可视化研究与实现

作物三维可视化将为作物生长动态预测、栽培管理调控、作物株型设计等提供形象逼真的可视化工具,从而有力促进虚拟农业和信息农业的发展。针对小麦形态结构复杂、叶片三维可视化不易表达的问题,基于田间实测数据和NURBS曲面建模实现了小麦叶片的三维重建。首先,通过田间实验定期观测小麦形态数据(叶长、叶宽、茎叶夹角、叶片弯曲度、茎秆直径等),建立小麦叶片主脉控制点构造算法,将小麦形态数据转换为主脉控制点坐标;其次,确定所有控制点坐标和节点矢量,构建小麦叶片和叶鞘NURBS曲面;最后,借助Open GL图形库可实现小麦不同生育期的模拟模型,并实现了小麦叶片的扭曲形变。结果表明该方法选取的小麦形态数据具有代表性,重建的小麦叶片模型逼真度较高,接近实测模型,易于实现小麦生长过程的动态模拟。     

Interactions between Metopolophium festucae cerealium (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-PAV)

Interactions between an invasive aphid, Metopolophium festucae (Theobald) subsp. cerealium, and Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-PAV) were studied under laboratory conditions. M. festucae cerealium is an economic pest of wheat and barley that has recently been found in high population densities in wheat in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. BYDV-PAV is the most prevalent and injurious species of BYDV worldwide and in the Pacific Northwest. Although M. festucae sensu stricto (Theobald 1917) has been reported previously as a vector of some BYDV isolates, there is no confirmed transmission of BYDV by M. festucae cerealium. Two experiments examined the ability of M. festucae cerealium to transmit BYDV-PAV. The first used single aphids caged to indicator plants of a BYDV-susceptible winter wheat cultivar and the second used multiple aphids on each test plant. M. festucae cerealium did not transmit BYDV-PAV in either experiment, whereas transmission by a known BYDV vector, Rhopalosiphum padi L., was consistently high (≥93%). A third experiment compared the intrinsic growth rate, days until first reproduction and daily reproduction by M. festucae cerealium on sham-inoculated and BYDV-PAV-infected wheat, but detected no differences. The findings are reviewed in light published data on M. festucae species, BYDV transmission, and the potential pest status of this new invading aphid.     

基于多传感器数据融合的早期林火识别

针对我国林火监测现状,为加强近地面监测中的早期林火发现,提出采用多传感器数据融合算法对早期林火进行识别的方法。通过设计林火仿真试验,采集CO₂浓度、CO浓度、烟雾浓度与空气温湿度等多传感器数据,并通过初步分析从中选取关键贡献率传感器数据。然后分别采用BP神经网络算法、神经模糊系统算法与支持向量机算法对数据进行识别与分析, 并在每个算法中均设置三输入与九输入2种不同输入向量数以进行比较。最后通过定义的识别性能评价参数对识别效果进行比较,得出支持向量机算法在一定范围内能较好地实现对早期林火的识别。     

基于移动溯源与图像分析的茶叶品级鉴定方法研究

为解决茶叶在质量追溯时防伪和品质鉴定问题, 以六安瓜片为研究对象, 提出一种结合移动计算和图像分析的茶叶质量追溯方法。该方法的实现以 Android操作系统为平台, 通过扫描茶叶质量追溯二维码查询溯源信息。在此基础上, 利用智能终端拍照获取完整的单片茶叶正面照片并上传至后台服务器。后台编写的 MATLAB图像处理程序对采集的图像进行预处理和特征参数提取, 将提取的颜色和形状共 7项特征参数作为参数集合, 运用 SVM分类器对茶叶进行分类, 最终将结果反馈到溯源客户端。测试结果证明, 该方法能快速帮助消费者对茶叶品级进行初步鉴定。     

番木瓜PL和β-Gal基因双价反义表达载体的构建

在已报道的番木瓜果胶裂解酶(PL)和β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal)基因序列的基础上,设计特异引物,分别扩增保守区序列,将其分别反向插入植物表达载体pCAMB IA1301-35S-GUS-Nos的CaMV35S启动子和Nos终止子之间,构建反义表达载体pCP和pCG.然后用2种不同的方法将带有完整启动子和终止子的PL和-βGal基因引入pCAMB IA2301中,获得PL和β-Gal基因的双价植物反义表达载体pCPG,并对2种方法进行比较.     

利用原核表达的衣壳蛋白制备马铃薯x病毒的抗血清

本研究构建了含马铃薯x病毒（pvx）衣壳蛋白（cp）基因的原核表达载体,利用在大肠杆菌内表达的马铃薯x病毒cp制备了效价为1∶1 600的抗血清。该血清可用于马铃薯、番茄、辣椒和烟草等作物携带pvx情况的检测。