育种者种子贮藏试验和应用效果的研究

通过对两品种育种者种子的贮藏试验，及对以育种者种子为种源基础的“四级程序”原种的产量鉴定，探讨了在相应干贮条件下育种者种子有关性状变化规律，以及“四级程序”原种的应用效果，为进一步应用“四级程序”提供了有关依据。     

施用生物肥料，镁石灰石，玄武岩可改善马来西亚酸性硫酸盐土壤化学性质与水稻生长状况

Acid sulfate soils are normally not suitable for crop production unless they are appropriately ameliorated. An experiment was conducted in a glasshouse to enhance the growth of rice, variety MR219, planted on an acid sulfate soil using various soil amendments.The soil was collected from Semerak, Kelantan, Malaysia. Ground magnesium limestone（GML）, bio-fertilizer, and basalt（each 4t ha^-1） were added either alone or in combinations into the soil in pots 15 d before transplanting. Nitrogen, P and potash were applied at 150, 30, and 60 kg ha^-1, respectively. Three seven-day-old rice seedlings were transplanted into each pot. The soil had a p H of 3.8 and contained organic C of 21 g kg^-1, N of 1.2 g kg^-1, available P of 192 mg kg^-1, exchangeable K of 0.05 cmolc kg^-1,and exchangeable Al of 4.30 cmol c kg^-1, with low amounts of exchangeable Ca and Mg（0.60 and 0.70 cmol c kg^-1）. Bio-fertilizer treatment in combination with GML resulted in the highest p H of 5.4. The presence of high Al or Fe concentrations in the control soil without amendment severely affected the growth of rice. At 60 d of growth, higher plant heights, tiller numbers and leaf chlorophyll contents were obtained when the bio-fertilizer was applied individually or in combination with GML compared to the control. The presence of beneficial bacteria in bio-fertilizer might produce phytohormones and organic acids that could enhance plant growth and subsequently increase nutrient uptake by rice. Hence, it can be concluded that addition of bio-fertilizer and GML improved rice growth by increasing soil pH which consequently eliminated Al and/or Fe toxicity prevalent in the acid sulfate soil.     

我国作物病虫害生物防治研究与应用最新进展

本文总结了近5年来我国在作物病虫害生物防治研究和应用方面的最新进展, 包括作物害虫、病害(真菌、细菌和病毒病)和线虫的生物防治、植物免疫和昆虫性信息素的研究和应用, 以及新方法和新技术在作物病虫控制中的应用。同时, 与国外的研究进展进行了比较, 指出了存在的主要问题、发展趋势与对策建议。     

工业化农业与生态农业的国际比较及其对中国的启示北大核心CSCD

工业化农业与生态农业是国际农业现代化的两种主要路径,其实践经验对于中国农业现代化的转型建设具有重要意义。本文采用文献分析和历史研究法,对农业现代化的内涵、地区实践和关键特征进行梳理总结,并从生产力、资源环境、社会经济、营养与健康4个方面对比分析两种路径的成效与不足,探讨中国农业现代化发展道路。研究表明,工业化农业能够显著提高粮食产量和劳动生产效率,适用于耕地充足的大型农场和规模农业经营户,但在环境保护、资源利用、食品安全和农户生计保障上存在不足。生态农业能够保证稳定的粮食产出、提供多样化的高品质农产品,在生物多样性保护、资源利用率和农户生计保障上表现出优势,适用于耕地资源紧张的区域和小农户,但面临覆盖范围小、技术手段陈旧等问题。根据国际经验,结合中国农业现代化发展中存在的问题,提出应充分尊重农民意愿,生态化改造工业化农业,智慧化升级生态农业,同时传承利用中华农耕文化中的生态智慧,选择适合地区禀赋特征的农业现代化道路。