木塑与钢材复合温室骨架设计及力学性能试验

木塑复合材料是近几年发展较快的一种新型材料,具有易加工、密度高、硬度强的特点。为探究木塑在温室建筑上的应用,设计了一种适合温室使用的木塑与钢材复合骨架,并进行力学性能试验。该试验以木塑和钢材为试材,采用拉伸、压缩、人工气候老化及复合骨架应用于温室的方法,研究了其抗拉、抗压强度及其在温室中应用情况,以期能够开发一种在性能和价格上与钢骨架结构材料相媲美的新材料。结果表明:在低温、室温和高温条件下,木塑的抗拉强度分别为28.391、24.954、15.000 MPa,木塑的抗压强度分别为63.633、42.438、32.547 MPa,木塑的抗拉强度和抗压强度均与环境温度呈负相关关系。木塑在经过250 h的人工气候老化后的抗弯强度为37.040 MPa,比未进行老化处理下降了22.083%。将木塑与钢材结合制作成不同形式的复合骨架,与普通木塑骨架对比,在室温下测试发现复合骨架比普通木塑骨架抗弯性能显著提高,其延展性提高约3倍,其中钢材添加在下缘的复合骨架的抗弯性能显著较钢材在上缘的复合骨架优越;带卡簧卡槽复合骨架的最大抗弯屈服力为19.112 kN,较钢材在下缘的复合骨架提高88.74%,达到了温室骨架的承载力要求。通过供试带卡簧卡槽复合骨架温室的荷载试验得出,跨度8.0 m、顶高3.3 m的拱形屋面温室,其骨架间距为1.2 m时,供试温室承受荷载为0.436 kN·m^-2;当骨架间距为1.0 m时,其承受荷载为0.527 kN·m^-2。与传统钢骨架温室对比,复合骨架温室的建筑成本减少了10.4元·m^-2。该复合骨架可以同时发挥木塑的环保、价廉、可塑性优势和钢材的优良力学性能,为温室建筑的轻简化、装配化提供了有益参考。     

A New Beam Column Element of Space Framed Structures for Nonlinear Analysis of Geometric Material

An incremental virtual work equation of three dimensional(3D) beam column element is proposed based on the UL method. The geometric nonlinear tangent stiffness matrix for 3D beam column element is deduced with the consideration of warping, shear deformation and effects of moment spatial rotation. Material nonlinearity is addressed by introducing plastic hinges at the element ends. And the Orbison sectional strength is modified in order to consider the effects of torsion moment and warping. The elastic plastic tangent stiffness matrix is acquired as the element ends are in plastic phase based on the flow theory. With a case studied, it is shown that the model can be used to predict accurately the ultimate bearing capacity and instability mode of 3Dspace frames by only one or two elements, and address the effects of warping and shear deformations effectively.     

Interaction Working Behavior About the Internal and External Wall of Foam in place Cavity Wall

In order to study the stability of foam in place cavity wall, the capacity of reinforced concrete strip ear and tie involving in cavity wall deformation, the broken shapes and mechanical performance of the cavity wall, the effective measures was seaked to improve deformation capacity and overall performance of the cavity wall.13 patches of cavity wall and 1 patch of solid wall were built and seismic tests of which were carried out.The lnfluence of some constructional measures on mechanical behavior and deformation properties of the wall and vertical pressure and insulation layer thickness on the relative displacement difference of the internal and external wall of foam in place cavity wall was analyzed.Finally, the capability of reinforced concrete strip ear and tie working interactively between the internal and external wall of foam in place cavity wall was analyzed.It is found that deformation capacity of the cavity wall is improved efficiently with constructional column and the high bonding strength, shearing strength and pressure strength of foam in place insulating mortar have certainly a positive influence on the bearing capacity of the wall.The reinforced concrete strip ears play the leading role in reinforcing connection of the internal and external wall of foam in place cavity wall and guaranteeing out plane stability of the external wall.When walls crack seriously, the ties can play an important role in supporting and drawing the wall and preventing wall collapse.Furthermore, the reinforced concrete strip ears and ties which are the main construction measures to coordinate the internal and external wall work together perform a great variety of tasks.Therefore, the reinforced concrete strip ears and ties should be designed rationally to guarantee playing their respective roles.     

土石坝压煤开采对水库安全运行的影响

以某水库土石坝下的压煤开采工程为背景,结合其他矿区压煤开采的实测结果,应用概率积分法的数学模型进行了开采沉陷变形预计,研究了土石坝由于地下开采而引起的变形和破坏特征以及对土石坝的安全产生的影响。通过数值模拟以及水文计算的结果分析,开采沉陷变形对水库的防洪安全产生了很大的影响。     

THE REIMPROVEMENT FOR IMPULSE OF G. I. TAYLOR THEORY OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION IN IMPACT OF CYL1NDICAL PROJECTILES

In this paper the reimprovement for G. I. Taylor theory of plastic deformation in impact of cylindical projectiles is done. The impulse in the reimproved theory is G. I. Taylor' s 1/2, and 3/4 of G. I. Taylor' s improved theory. The analytical solution of the reimproved theory shows that it gives better agreement with exprimental results than those of the original Taylor' s theory and, the improved theory.     

不同地下水位下渠基冻胀规律与保温板适宜厚度确定

为探明河套灌区不同地下水位条件下渠基冻胀的差异,了解地下水位变化对渠基土壤水分迁移和力学性能的影响,该文通过建立不同地下水位冻胀试验平台并结合原型渠道,分析了不同地下水位对铺设不同厚度聚苯板的基土冻胀的影响,阐述了冻胀率和截面弯矩沿渠坡的分布规律,提出了不同地下水位下聚苯板适宜铺设厚度的理论计算公式。试验得出,每降低1 cm地下水位,基土冻胀量减小0.15 cm。当地下水位降低0.5~1.0 m后,削减冻胀率为71%~83.8%。地下水位下降有效阻止或延缓了土壤毛细水的上升,降低了0~30 cm土层的土壤水分,有效阻止了冻结锋面水分的迁移,减小了土体中冰夹层的形成,从而降低了土体的冻胀变形。并且,渠道的冻胀破坏部位随着地下水位的不同而发生变化。该研究可为北方季节性冻土区骨干渠道保温防冻胀技术研究提供科学依据和技术支撑。     

给定装夹下走刀路径对铣削精度的影响

为有效解决腔薄壁件的加工变形问题,本文采用三维有限元分析方法,模拟了在给定的装夹条件下,不同的铣削走刀路径对航空薄壁框类零件加工变形精度的影响.仿真结果表明,在保证其他加工条件不变,只改变走刀路径的情况下,零件加工变形存在较大的不同.其中,采用从外向内的加工路径进行铣削加工时产生的变形较其他3种情况要小.最后通过铣削加工实验验证了模拟结果的正确性.     

对吊钩钩身弯曲应力计算公式的商榷

本文指出了傅文范等著《森林工程机械设计》（绞盘机）中涉及到的关于吊钩钩身弯曲应力公式存在的问题，并根据有关理论，提出比较符合实际的计算吊钩钩身弯曲应力的公式。     

深厚覆盖层上混凝土防渗墙服役性能分析

【目的】研究混凝土面板砂砾石坝防渗墙的应力变形及实际防渗效果,为高寒地区深厚覆盖层类似工程的设计与施工提供依据。【方法】以青海省纳子峡混凝土面板砂砾石坝为研究对象,在防渗墙施工及运行初期(2012-05-2018-01)对其进行应力监测、变形监测、渗流监测,对所得监测数据进行统计分析,进而评价防渗墙的实际工作状态。【结果】纳子峡混凝土面板砂砾石坝防渗墙各测点应力及变形表现稳定,在施工期防渗墙钢筋的应力变化因受地面施工等因素影响主要承受拉应力,且向上游侧倾斜;在水库运行期间(2014-09-2018-01),墙体受到来自上游的水压力,主要承受压应力,且向下游侧倾斜;布置在墙体上游侧的渗压计渗透压力远大于下游侧各测点,表明防渗墙防渗效果良好,渗透压力受测孔孔内水位影响,且随库水位表现出一定的周期性变化规律,库水位每抬升(或下降)1 m,墙体下游侧各测点渗透压力增加(或减小)约0.6 kPa。【结论】纳子峡大坝混凝土防渗墙在其施工及运行初期应力变形较为稳定,防渗效果良好,能为大坝的安全提供保障。     

改性豆粕胶黏剂压制稻草板的研究

利用改性豆粕胶黏剂压制稻草板,可以有效缓解木材资源紧张的情况;采用正交实验方法考察了施胶量、热压时间、热压温度对不同配方改性的豆粕胶黏剂压制的稻草板的主要物理力学性能的影响,检测了稻草板的静曲强度和内结合强度;应用旋转粘度计,测定醋丙乳液改性豆粕胶黏剂的黏度。结果表明：改性豆粕胶黏剂的黏度均处于3000～8000 mPa·s范围内。在施胶量为30%时,利用稻草粒径在1.0～20 mm范围内的稻草刨花所压制出的稻草刨花板的静曲强度为14.23 MPa,内结合强度为0.43 MPa,其强度符合GB/T 21723—2008的要求。可见,施胶后的草片接触角明显减小,施加改性豆粕胶的稻草疏水性减弱;施胶后稻草的浸润性显著增强,稻草刨花彼此之间能形成良好的胶接效果。