剩余污泥超声破解性能研究

采用超声波技术破解人工配水条件下培养的污泥，研究了超声破解含固率为0．5％与1％污泥的性能，并比较了超声破解2种含固率污泥的效果。结果表明，在一定声能密度下，SCOD增加值随时间延长线性增长。即在一定试验时间范围内，污泥破解反应相对于时间符合一级反应动力学规律。但是，在较高声能密度与较低污泥浓度下，SCOD增加值随时间延长不再呈线性增长趋势，而是随超声作用时间的延长，增长速度减缓。在相同比能耗下，破解含固率为1％污泥的SCOD增加值明显大于含固率为0．5％污泥值。若后续污泥处理工艺采用厌氧消化技术，则推荐破解含固率为1％的污泥。超声破解污泥后，污泥温度会升高，相同声能密度下，破解两种不同含固率污泥的温度升高值相近。     

城市污泥与稻草堆肥的腐熟度指标研究

采用翻堆方式将稻草与未消化城市污泥进行堆肥,测定常见几种化学和生物参数的变化,探讨其作为腐熟度指标的可行性。结果表明,(C/N)终点/(C/N)起始比值和铵态氮可作为堆肥腐熟度的指标,当(C/N)终点/(C/N)起始小于0.6和铵态氮浓度低于400mg·kg-1时,堆肥基本腐熟。水溶性有机碳与水溶性铵态氮之比值也可作为堆肥腐熟度的新的复合指标,当比值大于9时,堆肥基本腐熟。挥发性固体重、C/N、pH及NO3--N与堆肥原料有关,只可作为参考。     

污泥土地利用对环境的影响

污泥中含有丰富的有机质及氮、磷等养分，土地利用是污泥处理的重要途径之一。由于污泥的含水率很高，易腐烂发臭，且含有病原菌、重金属及毒性有机物等，在土地利用之前进行稳定化处理是必要的。在污泥的稳定化处理方法中以堆肥化处理较符合我国国情。污泥的土地利用对土壤物理、化学及生物学性质有明显的改良作用，可促进植物生长，提高产量及品质。同时，由于污泥中的重金属及丰富的氮素，使用不当，可导致重金属在土壤与植物中的积累，过量的硝态氮可能污染地表与地下水。     

Influence of plantation site and wastewater sludge fertilization on the performance and foliar nutrient status of two willow species grown under SRIC in southern Quebec (Canada)

Salix discolor Mühl. (Sd) and Salix viminalis L. (Sv) were planted under short-rotation intensive culture (SRIC) on three unirrigated abandoned farmland sites with different drainage conditions, one well-drained (S₁) and the other two poorly-drained (S₂, S₃). One dose of dried and granulated sludge equivalent to 150 (T₁) kg of “available” N ha⁻¹ was applied to some plots in the spring of the second season while others were left unfertilized (T₀). The aims of the experiment were (i) to investigate plant response (growth and productivity) to plantation site conditions and sludge application; (ii) study nutrient status by foliar analysis. Over three seasons, growth in height and aboveground biomass were greater for S. viminalis than for S. discolor on all sites. S. viminalis planted on poorly-drained site 2 had the highest biomass yield (45.28 t ha⁻¹). Both species showed best height and diameter growth on poorly-drained sites. For both species, best performances were obtained on wastewater sludge fertilized plots. Comparative foliar analysis suggested that unfertilized sandy soil (S₁) and low foliar nitrogen concentration and content were limiting factors in the performance of the two species. Soil nitrate concentration increased as a result of sludge application. Heavy metal accumulation from sludge does not represent a risk to the environment. It was concluded that S. viminalis had the best productivity on clay sites, and that a moderate dose of dried and pelleted sludge (150 kg of “available” N ha⁻¹) may be a good fertilizer during the establishment of willows in SRIC, and may reduce nitrate leaching.     

基于隧道式发酵金针菇菌渣的双孢蘑菇培养料制备分析

采用隧道发酵技术,以金针菇(Flammulina filiformis)菌渣为原材料,进行双孢蘑菇培养料的制备.通过一次及二次隧道发酵的工艺控制,检测堆制过程中温度、含水量、pH及电导率等理化成分的变化,并结合出菇结果评价金针菇菌渣培养料的使用情况.结果表明,金针菇菌渣在隧道一次发酵过程中最高温可达74℃以上,整个发酵...     

MBBR和LSP工艺在污水深度处理中的性能探究

指出了MBBR工艺和LSP工艺属于当前应用较多的新型水处理工艺.当将传统的好氧曝气池改造为MBBR工艺时,改造结果表明:COD降低30.8％,BOD5降低42.8％,氨氮降低25.0％,总氮降低17.2％,SS降低57.9％,总磷降低26.7％;而LSP工艺通过形成复杂的微生物食物链,消耗剩余污泥量,实现对污泥的减量化...     

15000t/d造纸废水处理工程的工业运行

在一个现代化的大型造纸厂,监测了进口新纸机排放废水的污染特征,培养驯化出净化效果良好的活性污泥菌,调试优化了日处理15 000 t造纸废水工程的运行参数,使每天的排放水COD＜100 mg/L、SS＜100 mg/L、pH6～9，提前达到了我国政府将于2001年实施的造纸废水排放新标准GWPB2-1999。     

城市污水污泥对马占相思和阴香生长的影响

研究在城市污水浇灌和半污泥栽培下,马占相思(Acacia mangium)和阴香(Cinnamomum burmanni)2种树种生长量和生物量变化情况。结果表明,半污水处理、全污水处理、半污泥处理均促进了马占相思的高生长量、地径生长量、生物量的增加,而阴香的增长量随着污水浓度的增加而降低,在半污泥处理下生长最差。表明马占相思具有较强的抗城市污水污泥污染能力,而阴香抗污染能力较差。