柚三倍体种子败育过程观察及内源激素消长动态

以柑橘异源四倍体为父本与单胚性柚杂交后,其三倍体种子的集中败育期为授粉后90～110 d,在柚的第2次生理落果(授粉后60d)之后,即三倍体种子的集中败育不会引起柚的大量落果.采用固相抗体型酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)对柚三倍体种子及果肉中GA1/3、ABA的检测可知,随着种子的成熟或败育,GA1/3含量较低(0.019～0.025 nmol·g-1),并呈下降趋势,ABA含量上升至最大值10.84nmol·g-1.同一发育时期,果肉中ABA含量缓慢上升,GA1/3含量也有波动,但GA1/3一直处于主导地位,因此柚三倍体种子虽大量败育,引起果实发育的暂时变缓,但并不能改变或阻止果实的正常发育进程.     

2种头孢氨苄片在比格犬体内的药代动力学及生物等效性试验

【目的】研究头孢氨苄片受试制剂和参比制剂在比格犬体内的生物等效性。【方法】采用双周期和双序列交叉设计,将22只健康比格犬随机分成2组,按30 mg/kg BW分别单剂量口服头孢氨苄片受试制剂Trolevis~?300和参比制剂Rilexine~?300,于给药前(0 h)和给药后0.5、1、1.5、2、2.5、3、4、6、8、12、17和24 h从臂头静脉采血。对超高效液相色谱串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)方法进行特异性、线性、检测限、准确度、精密度、稳定性等方法学考察。利用建立好的UPLC-MS/MS方法测定血浆中的药物浓度,并用WinNonlin^TM 8.1软件对药代动力学参数进行分析计算。【结果】方法学结果显示,在100～5 000 ng/mL浓度范围内相关性良好,相关系数(R²)≥0.99,标准曲线方程为y=10.6828x-176.481;高、中、低3个浓度的相对回收率平均值分别为105.63%、104.35%和102.40%;日内和日间变异系数均<15%;检测限为50 ng/mL,定量限为100 ng/mL。药代动力学结果...     

Therapeutic Potential of Phlorotannin-Rich Ecklonia cava Extract on Methylglyoxal-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in In Vitro Model

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) play a vital role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Methylglyoxal (MGO), one of the major precursors of AGEs, is a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of phlorotannin-rich Ecklonia cava extract (ECE) on MGO-induced diabetic nephropathy in in vitro models using mouse glomerular mesangial cells. ECE showed anti-glycation activity via breaking of AGEs-collagen cross-links and inhibition of AGEs formation and AGE-collagen cross-linking formation. The renoprotective effects were determined by assessing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MGO accumulation, cell apoptosis, and the Nrf-2/ARE signaling pathway. MGO-induced renal damage, intracellular ROS production level, and MGO-protein adduct accumulation were significantly decreased by pretreating ECE. Moreover, ECE pretreatment exhibited preventive properties against MGO-induced dicarbonyl stress via activation of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway and reduction of RAGE protein expression in mouse glomerular mesangial cells. Collectively, these results indicated potential anti-glycation properties and prominent preventive effects of ECE against MGO-induced renal damage. Additionally, ECE may be utilized for the management of AGE-related diabetic nephropathy.     

基于Pro/E的渐开线直齿轮参数化设计

介绍了一种在Pro／E中创建渐开线直齿轮模型的方法,结合其中的二次开发工具程序和关系,实现了后续制作该类型齿轮时,可通过人机交互方式给定齿轮参数,系统自动生成齿轮模型,避免大量重复的设计工作。     

Identification of Volatiles of the Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum cordatum

The dinoflagellate Prorocentrum cordatum, often called P. minimum, is a potentially toxic alga found in algal blooms. Volatile compounds released by the alga might carry important information, e.g., on its physiological state, and may act as chemical messengers. We report here the identification of volatile organic compounds emitted by two strains, xenic P. cordatum CCMP 1529 and axenic P. cordatum CCMP 1329. The volatiles released during culture were identified despite their low production rates, using sensitive methods such as open-system-stripping analysis (OSSA) on Tenax TA desorption tubes, thermodesorption, cryofocusing and GC/MS-analysis. The analyses revealed 16 compounds released from the xenic strain and 52 compounds from the axenic strain. The majority of compounds were apocarotenoids, aromatic compounds and small oxylipins, but new natural products such as 3,7-dimethyl-4-octanolide were also identified and synthesized. The large difference of compound composition between xenic and axenic algae will be discussed.     

释放不同益害比多异瓢虫对设施豇豆豆蚜的防效及定殖影响

设施豇豆生产中常遭受豆蚜Aphis craccivora (Koch)为害,蚜害可导致豇豆产量、品质下降等问题出现。多异瓢虫Hippodamia variegata (Goeze)为豆蚜的重要天敌,在豇豆生产用温室内,按多异瓢虫和豆蚜益害比1:10、1:20、1:40、1:60及1:80比例分别释放多异瓢虫成虫;同时,设置未释放天敌对照区。调查豆蚜和多异瓢虫种群数量和结构动态变化,比较豆蚜虫口减退率、防治效果、多异瓢虫定殖率及种群增长率等指标,确定持续防治豆蚜的最佳益害比。结果表明,在按益害比1:10和1:20释放多异瓢虫5～35 d后,其对豆蚜防效可达90%以上;但防治后期多异瓢虫定殖率低,防治成本较高。按益害比1:80释放多异瓢虫3～7 d后,对豆蚜防效高于60%,释放后期防效持效期为7 d,防治后期瓢虫定殖率和种群定殖速度较高。益害比为1:60和1:80时防治后期防效低、持效期短,但定殖率高于其他益害比。益害比1:40则兼具防效好和定殖率高的特点,可持续控制设施豇豆豆蚜的为害,是最佳释放比例。推荐将1:40作为多异瓢虫防治豇豆上豆蚜的参考益害比。     

长吻帆蜥鱼作为生物采集器探究海洋中深层生物微塑料污染特征

海洋中深层生物作为链接海洋上层与深层食物网的媒介,对维系大洋生态系统结构和功能的稳定有着不可替代的重要作用。由于样品采集的困难性,针对中深层生物微塑料污染研究十分缺乏。长吻帆蜥鱼(Alepisaurus ferox)具有特殊的消化机制,是优秀的生物采集器。本研究利用激光红外成像光谱技术,量化分析了长吻帆蜥鱼胃中保存的中深层物种体内微塑料的丰度和理化特征。共采集中深层鱼类和头足类7种,其肠道中检测出微塑料146个,检出率85.71%,丰度为10.43 ± 12.12个/尾, 粒径为20.34~309.89 μm(47.36 μm ± 43.41 μm)。微塑料以颗粒状(59.58%)和碎片状(36.30%)为主,聚合物成分主要是丙烯酸酯共聚物(Acrylate copolymer),占比60.27%。本研究首次证明了长吻帆蜥鱼作为生物采集器开展海洋中深层生物微塑料污染研究的可行性,研究结果对解析大洋生态系统微塑料污染及其潜在生态风险具有重要意义。     

不同类型有机物料的有机磷组成及生物有效性

[目的]研究不同有机物料的有机磷组成及其作为磷源施用后的供磷能力,为化肥磷的有机替代奠定理论基础.[方法]供试有机物料包括粪肥类(猪粪、羊粪)、绿肥类(豌豆、苜蓿和绿豆)、秸秆类(小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆和油菜秸秆).分析了8种有机物料的全磷、有机磷含量和C/P值,采用Bowman-Cole方法测定了有机磷中的活性(LOP)...     

水稻CSC11介导干热风/干旱诱导的钙信号调控雄蕊发育

[目的]水稻花期偶遇干热风/干旱,导致脆弱的生殖细胞快速失水,极大地降低产量,这一过程中钙离子作为通用的第二信使传导了干旱或其他逆境信号,但背后的分子机制尚不清楚.分析钙离子透过性胁迫反应阳离子通道家族(calcium-permeable stress-responsive cation channels,CSCs)基...