温莪术油提取方法优化研究

[目的]为克服现有提取技术存在的提取率低、提取时间长等不足,优化得到温莪术中莪术油的高效提取方法。[方法]以莪术油的提取率为指标,考察有机溶剂、超声时间、料液比、提取时间等因素对其提取率的影响。[结果]采用超声波前处理-微波法,莪术油的提取率可达4.71%,均高于超临界CO2萃取和水蒸汽蒸馏法的4.47%和2.53%。[结论]该试验建立的超声法前处理-微波法提取莪术油方法,可为莪术油的工业化生产及后续质量控制等相关研究提供技术支持。     

Cultivar Specific Response of CO2 Fertilization on Two Tropical Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Cultivars: ROS Generation,Antioxidant Status,Physiology, Growth,Yield and Seed Quality

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (CO₂) is an important component of global climate change that will have a significant impact on the productivity of crop plants. In recent years, growth and yield of agricultural crop plants have been shown to increase with elevated CO₂ (EC) and have enticed considerable interest due to variation in the response of crop plants. In this study, comparative response of two mung bean cultivars (HUM‐2 and HUM‐6) was evaluated against EC at different growth stages under near‐natural conditions for two consecutive years. The plants were grown in ambient as well as EC (700 ppm) in specially designed open‐top chambers. Under elevated CO₂, marked down‐regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, membrane disruption and activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were noticed in both the cultivars, but the extent of reduction was more in HUM‐6. As compared to ambient CO₂, EC increased total chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate, growth and yield parameters. Cultivar‐specific response was noticed as HUM‐6 showed higher increase in yield attributes than HUM‐2. Under CO₂ treatment, soluble protein and reducing sugars decreased while total soluble sugars and starch showed an opposite trend. Principal component analysis showed that both the cultivars responded more or less similarly to EC in their respective groupings of physiological and growth parameters, but the magnitude of ROS and antioxidative enzymes was variable. The experimental findings depict that both the cultivars of mung bean showed contrasting response against EC and paved the way for selecting the suitable cultivar having higher productivity in a future high‐CO₂ environment.     

火灾环境下邻近罐壁热辐射分布实验

油罐火灾蔓延的主要因素是油罐热辐射,在着火罐火焰热辐射作用下,邻近罐极易被引燃,造成整个罐区大面积起火。为了研究邻近罐罐壁热辐射分布规律,建立了油罐燃烧对邻近罐热辐射影响的小尺寸实验装置,开展了火灾环境下邻近罐壁热辐射分布的实验研究。结果表明:在火灾环境下,邻近罐正对着火罐方向的罐壁受辐射作用最大,热辐射从罐顶到罐底逐渐降低、从中心向两边呈轴对称降低;随着L/D(L为相邻两个油罐的距离,D为油罐的直径)增大,邻近罐热辐射下降。实验数据为火灾环境下邻近罐的热辐射研究提供了参考,对防止邻近罐被引燃,做好油罐区火灾爆炸事故的预防具有重大意义。     

美国油气管道基本失效概率评估方法及启示

为充分利用油气管道历史失效数据,减少失效概率评估过程中的主观性,提出油气管道基本失效概率的概念及评估方法。对美国管道及危险物品安全管理局数据库的油气管道里程数据、事故数据及失效因素数据进行全面分析,采用基于事故统计的方法评估油气管道基本失效概率。结果表明:美国危险液体管道、输气集气管道、配气管道发生一般事故的基本失效概率分别为1.29次/(10^3 km·a)、2.17次/(10^4 km·a)及4.08次/(10^5 km·a),发生较大事故的基本失效概率分别为4.58次/(10^4 km·a)、1.41次/(10^4 km·a)及2.38次/(10^5 km·a),发生重大事故的基本失效概率分别为9.09次/(10^6 km·a)、9.79次/(10^6 km·a)及1.11次/(10^5 km·a)。美国基本失效概率可作为油气管道失效概率评估的基准线,也可作为风险可接受标准的依据,但不能直接应用于中国管道风险评价,需对其进行修正,建立适用于中国管道的失效数据库。     

黑豆—油菜与大豆—油菜轮作模式土壤镉修复能力比较

通过设置黑豆-油菜、大豆-油菜的轮作模式在湖南醴陵进行大田试验,结果发现黑豆表现出较强的镉富集能力,其根、茎、叶及果壳中镉含量分别为2.14、2.63、4.10及1.34 mg/kg,富集系数均在1以上。油菜各个部位镉含量较高的分别为叶与茎,达到了7.13和4.73 mg/kg。黑豆各部位镉转运系数均高于大豆,各油料作物提取的重金属主要集中在茎与叶。大豆叶的镉富集系数为2.06,茎的镉富集系数为0.86,明显低于黑豆同部位的富集能力。每公顷土地经过一轮黑豆-油菜、大豆-油菜轮作分别能够从土壤中提取73.52 g和51.68 g的镉,对土壤重金属镉的修复效率约为3%。     

In vitro susceptibility of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae to organic acids and essential oil components

The antibacterial potential of organic acids and essential oil components against Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, the causative pathogen of swine dysentery, was evaluated. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 15 compounds were determined at pH 7.2 and pH 6.0, using a broth microdilution assay. In addition, possible synergism was determined. MIC values for the three tested strains were similar. For organic acids, MIC values at pH 6.0 were lower than at pH 7.2. B. hyodysenteriae was most sensitive to cinnamaldehyde and lauric acid, with MIC values <1.5 mM. Most antibacterial effects of binary combinations were additive, however, for thymol and carvacrol, synergism could be observed. In vitro results demonstrate the antibacterial action of certain essential oil components and organic acids against B. hyodysenteriae.     

新型国产白油佐剂与进口Marcol-52白油佐剂配制疫苗的比较试验

The Newcastle disease inactivated vaccines were prepared with oil adjuvants respectively from domestic and import.The experiments were done in order to compare the new domestic oil and Marcol-52 according to a series of testing indexes. The results showed that the quality of the new domestic oil was better than Marcol-52, except the absorptive quality.     

芒果核仁油理化特性及其开发利用研究进展

芒果核仁是芒果加工的副产物,其中脂肪含量达9.0%~13.1%（干基）,从中提取的核仁油是一种优质油脂,具有较高的营养价值及开发利用前景。本文主要从芒果核仁油理化性质、脂质组成及开发利用等方面总结归纳近年来的科学研究进展,并与可可脂、类可可脂的甘油三酯组分进行对比分析,明确了芒果核仁油研究中存在的问题,并给出合理建议。     

成龄油棕园林下间作生姜栽培技术与效益分析

介绍成龄油棕园林下间作生姜的栽培技术方法，并对间作效益进行分析，分析表明，间作效益的大小需考虑油棕园的荫蔽度。     

莱豆新品种龙莱1号的选育

征集龙岩市莱豆地方品种13个,按照育种目标进行品种筛选、提纯、繁殖、特征特性观察与栽培技术试验,育成的莱豆新品种龙莱1号具有中熟、品质优、产量高、抗病性较强、适应性广、商品价值高等特点。该文介绍该品种从2003～2010年的选育过程及该品种主要特征特性。