不同干燥方法对鸭茅营养成分及其损失的影响

研究干燥方法对鸭茅(不同生育阶段)营养成分及其损失量的影响。结果表明:(1)随着生育期的推进,粗蛋白质和粗灰分含量逐渐下降,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量逐渐增加,而水溶性碳水化合物含量开始不断增加,开花期最高,结实期又迅速减少;干燥方法对水溶性碳水化合物含量的影响极其显著(P<0.01),其含量的顺序为:烘干>晒后烘干>晒干>阴干。(2)干燥方法与营养物质的损失量间差异显著(P<0.05),其损失量的顺序为晒后烘干>晒干>阴干。不同干燥方法的水溶性碳水化合物损失量与干物质、粗灰分、无氮浸出物损失量之间呈显著相关,相关系数分别为0.8798、0.6404和0.6568。     

黄河三角洲盐碱地柳枝稷育苗栽培技术初探

为了开发利用黄河三角洲盐碱地和丰富该地区的牧草种质资源,本研究在黄河三角洲盐碱地开展了柳枝稷引种试验,对柳枝稷在该地区的育苗、田间移栽和后期管护等进行了详细阐述.结果表明,柳枝稷育苗出苗率高,苗期移栽成活率高,均达到90％以上;2年试验过程中,柳枝稷鲜草和种子产量最高分别达到7350 kg/hm2和203 kg/hm2,表明柳枝稷产量高,耐寒、耐盐碱能力较强,可在黄河三角洲盐碱地规模化种植推广.     

黑龙江省马铃薯气候生产力特征及区划

利用黑龙江省81个气象站1975-2004年30 a的逐日气象资料及相应插值的网格同期逐日气象资料,采用WOFOST作物生长模型,模拟并分析了马铃薯气候生产力的空间分布特征,同时分析了各地气候生产力影响因素及分布特征;利用气候生产力的距平百分率、变异系数及与气候生产力密切相关的有关生育期的4个气候因子(平均气温、气温日较差、日平均日照时数、降水量),采用动态聚类分析方法,将黑龙江省马铃薯可能种植区初步划分为9类气候栽培区,为充分利用当地气候资源发展马铃薯生产提供参考。     

基于K_means硬聚类算法的葡萄病害彩色图像分割方法

为了提高植物病害图像的分割精度与效果,根据植物病害症状及图像的特点,提出了一种基于K_means硬聚类算法（HCM）的葡萄病害彩色图像非监督性分割处理方法。该方法是在L*a*b*颜色空间模式下利用ab二维数据空间的颜色差异,以平方欧式距离作为像素间的相似度距离、以均方差作为聚类准则函数对颜色进行二分类聚类,并通过数学形态学运算对聚类结果进行校正。利用该方法对3种葡萄病害彩色图像进行分割的结果表明,该方法能够较为准确地将病斑区域从彩色图像中分割出来,对葡萄病害彩色图像的分割处理比较理想,鲁棒性好,分割准确率     

数值分类法在玉米品种资源上的应用

本文应用主成分分析法对湖北省201份玉米品种资源的28个性状进行分析,结果表明,前7个主成分对变异的累计贡献率达79.5%,以前7个主成分为综合指标进行系统聚类,在遗传距离D²=1.50水平上聚成7大类;不同类群间的性状具有明显差异,而类群内特征相似;其中Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ类为综合性状较好的种质类群。     

西藏白菜型油菜油体特征与营养品质及油体提取物的SDS-PAGE分析

【目的】探索白菜型油菜种子油体、油体蛋白表型与含油量和蛋白质、脂肪酸含量之间的关系,分析油体提取物蛋白亚基的多态性,为西藏白菜型油菜高油新品种的选育奠定基础。【方法】测定36份来自西藏不同地区的白菜型油菜农家种、野生近缘种种子的含油量和蛋白质、脂肪酸含量;利用Leica DM5000生物显微镜观察所提取油体的大小及油体蛋白的表型特征;利用SDS-PAGE对供试材料油体提取物进行凝胶电泳,分析供试材料的遗传多态性和进化关系。【结果】36份供试材料芥酸、油酸、亚油酸和烯酸含量分别为27.39~132.33,3.22~143.22,31.22~53.62和14.27~111.48mg/g,其他脂肪酸含量相对较低;36份材料的含油量为57.20~151.37mg/g,蛋白质含量为38.68~73.87mg/g。相关分析显示,含油量与蛋白质含量、棕榈酸、烯酸含量呈极显著负相关。根据含油量将供试材料划分为高油组(含油量≥138mg/g,HO)、中油组(110mg/g≤含油量138mg/g,MO)、低油组(含油量110mg/g,LO)3个类别,不同含油组材料油体和油体蛋白形状均以近圆形为主,HO油体平均粒径2.12μm,油体蛋白平均粒径5.24μm;MO油体平均粒径1.82μm,油体蛋白平均粒径4.58μm;LO油体平均粒径1.44μm,油体蛋白平均粒径3.81μm。相关分析表明,油体平均粒径与含油量呈极显著正相关,与蛋白质含量呈极显著负相关,而与脂肪酸含量相关性不大。油体粗提液SDS-PAGE电泳共分离出迁移率不同的蛋白谱带32条,出现频率为5.6%~100%;蛋白谱带的分子质量为25.5~128.7ku,且分布较集中区域在87.8~27.4ku;蛋白谱带N-J聚类分析表明,供试材料遗传相似系数为0.610~0.980,在遗传相似系数0.835处可将36份材料聚为9个类群。【结论】西藏白菜型油菜遗传变异丰富,在西藏高油白菜型油菜品种选育时可将油体粒径大且数量多、油体蛋白少且粒径大作为筛选亲本的条件。     

铺地竹叶片对结球生菜种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响

采用基质盆栽试验,研究了铺地竹(Sasa argenteastriatus E.G.Camus)叶片对结球生菜(Lactucasativa L.var.capitata L.)种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,结果表明,铺地竹叶片粉末对结球生菜种子的萌发和幼根生长具有一定的抑制作用,随着浓度的增加抑制作用增强,在50～200 g/m2的范围内,幼根抑制率为12.15%～28.91%。在50～100 g/m2的用量下,铺地竹叶片对结球生菜苗长表现为促进生长作用,而在200 g/m2时,则表现为抑制生长作用。施用铺地竹叶片后3 d、6 d、9 d和12 d,结球生菜幼苗的叶绿素含量特别是叶绿素a的含量显著减少,随着基质中叶片粉末浓度的增加,结球生菜叶绿素含量降低,叶绿素a含量高低依次为对照、低浓度处理、中浓度处理、高浓度处理。随着处理后时间的延长,竹叶对结球生菜叶片叶绿素a含量的影响减弱。这个结果进一步验证了自然条件下铺地竹叶片对植物生长的化感效应,说明其具有开发植物源除草剂的潜力,为研究铺地竹叶片中的化感物质提供了佐证。     

Effect of nitrogen fertilization on nitrogen dynamics in oilseed rape using 15N‐labeling field experiment

In order to optimize nitrogen (N) fertilization and to reduce the environmental impact of oilseed rape without decreasing yield, a clearer understanding of N dynamics inside the plant is crucial. The present investigation therefore aimed to study the effects of different N‐application rates on the dynamics of N uptake, partitioning, and remobilization. The experiment was conducted on winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Capitol) under three levels of N input (0, 100, and 200 kg N ha^–1) from stem elongation to maturity using ¹⁵N‐labeling technique to distinguish between N uptake and N retranslocation in the plant. Nitrogen fertilization affected the time‐course of N uptake and also the allocation of N taken up from flowering to maturity. Most pod N came from N remobilization, and leaves accounted for the largest source of remobilized N regardless the N‐application rate. However, the contribution of leaves to the remobilized N pool increased with the N dose whereas the one of taproot decreased. Stems were the main sink for remobilized N from stem elongation to flowering. Leaves remained longer on N200 than on N0 and N100 plants, and N concentration in fallen leaves increased with the N treatment and in N100 plants along an axial gradient from the basal to the upper leaves. Overall, these results show that the timing of N supply is more crucial than the N amount to attain a high N efficiency.     

An investigation into the grazing efficiency of perennial ryegrass varieties

The objective of this study was to compare the grazing efficiency of 30 perennial ryegrass varieties, differing in ploidy and heading date. Plots were grazed by lactating dairy cows and managed under a rotational grazing system with 19 grazing events occurring over two years. Pre-grazing and post-grazing compressed sward heights were measured with a rising plate meter. A mixed model was used to predict the post-grazing sward height of each variety based on year, grazing event, block and pre-grazing sward height. Residual grazed height (RGH) was derived as the difference between the actual and predicted post-grazing sward height and was used as the measure of grazing efficiency. Negative RGH values indicated that the actual herbage removed was greater than that predicted and so indicated a superior grazing efficiency. Varieties differed in their level of grazing efficiency (p < .001), with RGH values ranging from −0.38 to +0.34 cm. Tetraploid varieties exhibited significantly greater grazing efficiency performance than diploids (p < .001), with average RGH values of −0.13 and +0.13 cm respectively. A significant difference in grazing efficiency was found among recommended perennial ryegrass varieties that are not being recorded by mechanically harvested simulated grazing protocols. A variety reappraisal that included grazing efficiency could identify varieties capable of improving on-farm livestock productivity from grass.