Environmental services and poverty reduction: Options for smallholders in the Sahel

Environmental service provision is increasingly discussed as a potential new venue for the simultaneous pursuit of development and natural resource conservation objectives, particularly among landowners in the low-income tropics. To date, most of the experience with such market-regulated mechanisms comes from water and forest projects in Latin America. Preliminary evidence suggests that participation of, and benefits to, small-scale land users are highly unequal and that the synergistic goals of poverty reduction and resource conservation through these emerging market mechanisms might be overly ambitious. This paper assesses the possibility of pro-poor environmental service provision through carbon sequestration among smallholders in the Sahel. It focuses on a case study in the small-scale, rain-fed agricultural systems of the Old Peanut Basin of Senegal. Based on a conceptual framework including economic, institutional, policy and livelihood factors, it assesses to the extent to which specific groups of farmers are able or willing to participate in and benefit from potential carbon offset programs. Finally, the paper stresses the need for adequate and equitable financial support and a careful rethinking of the institutional structures necessary to enhance rural livelihoods and natural resource management in drylands, with or without market-based environmental service programs.     

地理信息系统的发展及其在精确农业中的应用

简要介绍了地理信息系统(GIS)的概念、特点以及其发展过程.对地理信息系统(GIS)在现代精确农业领域中的应用现状进行了分析研究.同时,以基于GPS和GIS的田间车辆监控系统为例,详细介绍了地理信息系统(GIS)在精确农业中的应用,为我国农业现代化建设提供参考.     

基于土地利用结构的河流岸带生态系统服务簇识别

河流岸带生态系统服务功能的有效发挥是河流生态系统稳定且健康的重要保障之一。为识别河流岸带土地利用与生态服务价值的空间结构,本文从河流岸带保护角度选取水资源保护、净化环境、水文调节、土壤保持、维持养分循环、生物多样性六项生态服务功能,基于遥感影像解译的土地利用数据,运用修正的当量因子法估算得到生态服务价值的空间分布规律,进而进行层次聚类分析识别河流岸带生态服务簇,并应用于太湖流域湖西区溧阳市县级河流——竹箦河作为实例研究。结果表明：（1）竹箦河河流岸带六项生态服务价值呈现出显著的空间异质性和聚集性。（2）竹箦河河流岸带可划分为五大类生态服务簇,分别为水源涵养型、绿色多元型、经济生态型、生态脆弱型以及耗水污染型。（3）各类服务簇的生态系统服务特点与空间布局分异明显,与岸带实际土地利用结构相协调,揭示了竹箦河河流岸带生态服务功能普遍较薄弱的现状。本文的研究结果可为竹箦河及类似平原地区骨干河流岸带功能区划分以及河流岸带生态保护与修复方案的制定提供理论参考。     

案例式教学在《兽医公共卫生学》课程中的探索与实践

《兽医公共卫生学》是动物医学专业的核心课程之一。为了提高教学质量,提升学生的学习兴趣,适应新型兽医人才培养要求。以《兽医公共卫生学》课程为例,对云南农业大学2届学生进行案例教学的实践与探索。结果表明,案例教学能显著地提高期末卷面成绩,学生对案例教学满意度较高,案例式教学能激发学生学习兴趣、增强学生现场认知感,提高学生综合能力,有利于提升《兽医公共卫生学》教学效果,为课程案例库建设提供依据。     

四川生态公益林建设刍议

对生态公益林的区划布局、经营管理、资金筹措等问题作了初步探讨.     

35技术在城市森林研究中的应用

总结国内外3s技术在城市森林研究领域应用现状,分析其不足,即遥感学家与植物生态学家缺乏沟通、被动遥感优势尚未挖掘、生态系统服务制图滞后、生态系统管理中忽视信息系统建设,以及景观规划的精确性与客观性有待提高等,在此基础上提出相应改进建议,以期为我国城市森林的3S技术应用和城市森林建设工作提供借鉴。     

大学英语口语教学的两种有效途径

在立足听、说、读、写、译五项基本技能的基础上,听说能力教学应占据英语学习的主导地位,并且提出"复述法"和"对话法"可以作为大学英语课堂口语教学的两种有效途径。     

Effect of biofertilizers on the nutrient availability in soil in relation to growth,yield and yield attributes of Stevia rebaudiana

A field experiment was conducted at Rani Chandramma Agricultural University (Arabhavi, Belgaum), Karnataka, India, in basic soil to study the nutrient availability in soil, yield and yield attributes of the medicinal plant stevia (Stevia rebaudiana). The results showed that the availability of nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the soil increased up to the fifth month; and thereafter, decreased by the same amount with the progress of the plant growth up to the sixth month, irrespective of treatments. Results also showed that the fresh and dry biomass yields significantly increased up to the sixth month with different treatments, but the yield attributes like plant height and the number of branches were observed to be varied with various treatments, being highest in the combined application of biofertilizers over that of their corresponding sole applications.     

我国开展食品安全风险分析的问题与对策

食品安全风险分析既是先进的管理模式,又是科学的思维方式。近几年我国食品安全事件频发,需要加快开展食品安全风险分析,以防患于未然。介绍了食品安全风险分析的基本原理,指出了我国开展食品安全风险分析的问题,并提出有关对策,以期对提高我国的食品安全水平有所裨益。