Haplotype analysis of β-actin gene for its association with sperm quality and boar fertility

β‐actin (ACTB) was examined as a direct functional candidate gene for the possible association with sperm concentration, motility (MOT), semen volume per ejaculate, plasma droplet rate, abnormal sperm rate (ASR) and the fertility traits, non‐return rate and number of piglets born alive (NBA). Three polymorphisms in intron 3 (T>C) and one polymorphism in exon 4 (T>C) of porcine ACTB gene were identified by comparative sequencing of animals of the breeds Pietrain and Hampshire. Association analysis revealed that haplotypes affected the variation of the traits MOT, ASR and NBA. The beneficial haplotypes may provide considerable improvement of sperm quality and fertility in the tested commercial boar population.     

城市绿地土壤肥力评价的未确知属性测度分析法

基于未确知数学理论和属性数学理论,研究了土壤肥力综合评价方法,建立了城市绿地土壤肥力综合评价及分级的未确知属性测度分析法。该方法首先需要确定城市绿地土壤肥力状况的评价指标及分类标准,以及土壤肥力状况级别组数;然后构建单指标的未确知属性测度函数,以计算单指标的未确知属性测度函数值和样本的综合未确知属性测度值;最后应用置信度准则对城市绿地土壤样本进行识别,以确定土壤样本肥力状况的级别属性。基于两个城市绿地土壤样本的模糊综合评价结果,以及13个城市绿地土壤样本的全排列多边形图示指标法、物元可拓法以及改进的人工神经网络法的评价结果进行了验证,本研究方法的评价结果与模糊综合评价法、全排列多边形图示指标法、物元可拓法以及改进的人工神经网络法的一致性分别为100%、84.62%、92.31%和100%。实例评价表明,采用该方法对城市绿地土壤肥力状况进行评价是可行的,为城市绿地土壤肥力综合评价提供了新的途径和方法。     

黄土高原不同粮草种植模式土壤碳氮及土壤酶活性

通过在陇中黄土高原半干旱区对苜蓿(Medicago sativa)-作物轮作地进行长期定位试验,探讨不同种植模式对土壤碳氮形态及其相关酶活性的影响。6种种植模式分别为苜蓿-苜蓿、苜蓿-休闲、苜蓿-小麦(Triticum aestivum)、苜蓿-玉米(Zea mays)、苜蓿-马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)和苜蓿-谷子(Setaria italica)。结果表明,苜蓿-作物种植模式不利于土壤总有机碳的积累,而苜蓿翻耕后保持休闲则可维持较高的有机碳含量;与苜蓿连作相比,苜蓿-作物种植模式的土壤有机碳降低了1.60%~23.11%,全氮含量增加了3.81%~21.83%。不同作物对土壤养分吸收利用状况不同,进而引起土壤酶发生变化。与苜蓿连作相比,苜蓿粮食作物种植模式在降低土壤过氧化氢酶和蛋白酶活性的同时,提高了土壤硝酸还原酶活性;其中土壤过氧化氢酶活性和蛋白酶活性分别降低了5.20%~12.30%和15.03%~43.43%,硝酸还原酶活性提高了1.26%~28.79%。苜蓿连作和苜蓿-粮食作物种植模式间的土壤脲酶活性无显著差异(P0.05),但均高于苜蓿-休闲处理。相关性分析结果表明,土壤脲酶活性与土壤有机碳、全氮含量呈显著正相关(P0.05),可作为衡量土壤肥力的指标。     

Regional distribution and integrity of equine ovarian pre‐antral follicles

The goal of this study was to determine the distribution of pre‐antral follicles in the ovarian parenchyma of mares. For Experiment 1, each ovary was cut longitudinally at the greater curvature, performing two hemiovaries. After that, six fragments from each hemiovary were obtained, resulting in 12 fragments, which were divided into the innermost region of the parenchyma, the middle region and the outermost region. All the three obtained sections were cut transversally to obtain two fragments from each one. For Experiment 2, each ovary also submitted to a longitudinal cut on the greater curvature, forming two hemiovaries. Each hemiovary was sectioned into four symmetrical fragments, resulting in eight fragments per ovary. The fragments were related as being near to or far from the ovulatory fossa. The fragments of both experiments were immediately fixed in Carnoy for 12 hr and kept in 70% ethanol for 24 hr. Follicles were classified according to the stages of development and for morphological integrity according to oocyte morphology and granulosa cells. After the histological assessment, a total of 1,130 follicles were visualized from Experiment 1, being 1,054 (93.3%) primordial follicles and 76 (4.7%) follicles in development. The innermost region had the highest percentage of pre‐antral follicles compared to the other regions (p < .05). The middle and outermost regions showed higher percentages of intact primordial and developing follicles than the innermost region (p < .05). Considering Experiment 2, 938 follicles were found, being 894 (95.3%) primordial and 44 (4.7%) follicles in development. The region near the ovulatory fossa presented higher (58.7%; 551 of 938) follicular concentration compared to the region far from the ovulatory fossa (41.3%; 387 of 938; p < .05). As a conclusion, distribution of pre‐antral follicles in the equine ovary has a specific pattern through the parenchyma. Also, the follicular integrity differed in the studied ovarian areas.     

松嫩平原不同演替阶段植物群落和土壤特性的关系

探讨了松嫩草原植物群落演替与土壤化学性质与土壤肥力的关系。结果表明：不同演替群落阶段，其土壤的化学性质和肥力存在一定差异，由于土壤化学性质不同，使群落镶嵌分布，组成植被的复合体。随着植被的退化演替，群落的盖度，高度下降，种类组成趋于简单化，生物量减少，土壤盐碱化程度加重，土壤肥力下降，出现次生盐碱植物群落，群落的生物量与土壤值，含盐量，碱化度呈负相关，与土壤腐殖质和全氮含量呈正相关。     

不同日粮营养水平对种鸽繁殖性能的影响

试验一设计了4种不同蛋白质、能量水平的颗粒料配方 ,通过试验筛选出基础日粮的ME和CP分别为11.86MJ/kg和16 %。在试验一的基础上 ,试验二设计了3种不同Ca含量颗粒料配方 ,,以鸽场饲喂的饲料作对照 (ME为13.31MJ/kg,CP为11.79 % ),进行饲养试验。结果表明 :ME为11.86MJ/kg、CP为16.16 %、Ca含量为1.09 %的颗粒料效果较好 ,种鸽的繁殖指标较高     

不同株型玉米苗期生长,光合速率及对肥料的反应

在人工气候室中，对盆栽条件下不同熟期的紧凑型与平展型玉米比较研究表明，单株玉米对土壤养分的反应株型间无规律性差异；不同熟期玉米间存在明显的规律性差异。植株苗期生长速率及高低土壤肥力下的差异与叶片Ｎ、Ｋ含量，光俣速率及不同光强，不同ＣＯ２浓度与的反应差异间存在明显的相关性。不同品种间苗期光合速率差异明显，土壤肥力高低对玉米苗期光合速率影响很大。     

不同施肥处理对油茶生长及土壤肥力的影响

为探究不同施肥处理对油茶生长及土壤肥力的影响,连续3年在广西柳州市对5年生油茶人工林进行施肥试验研究。结果表明,施肥后,处理Ⅱ的树高、地径和冠幅的增长量明显高于其它处理,即有机—无机复混肥料直接施入油茶林地最有利于营养生长,而处理CK(不施肥)各项生长指标的增长量最低。不同施肥处理对油茶林地土壤养分各指标的影响差异较大,经灰色关联度法分析得出土壤综合肥力的高低顺序,其中处理Ⅲ(即无纺布包装有机—无机复混肥)施肥后对油茶林地土壤综合肥力的提高最显著,其次为处理Ⅰ(即有机栽培肥料),不施肥处理CK的土壤综合肥力则显著降低,土壤质量退化严重。     

Influence of Rooting Media on Chrysopogon Zizanioides (L.) Roberty

The present study was carried out to find the influence of some organic materials on the optimum biomass production of Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty (Vetiver) using soil (S), vermicompost (VC), cow dung (CD) and coir pith (CP) at different ratios. The final day results showed that the ideal combination for the growth of the Vetiver is 1:1:1:1 v/v ratio of VC/CD/CP/S. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), nitrogen (N)- phosphorus (P)- potassium (K), organic carbon (OC), and carbon (C)/N ratio showed in 1:1:1:1 v/v ratio of (VC/CD/CP/S), on 120th day were 7.3, 0.38 dS m^?1, 1.36%, 0.11%, 8.7%, 20.5% and C/N ratio is 15:1. The root and shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, number of culms, and total chlorophyll content of Chrysopogon zizanioides were 65cm, 197 cm, 312 g, 104.4 g, 36 culms/plant and 40.57 mg/g at 1:1:1:1 v/v ratio of (VC/CD/CP/S) treatment and compared to control sets, the increasing ratio were 6:1, 3:1, 12:1, 12:1, 3:1, 2:1 respectively.     

我国开展食品安全风险分析的问题与对策

食品安全风险分析既是先进的管理模式,又是科学的思维方式。近几年我国食品安全事件频发,需要加快开展食品安全风险分析,以防患于未然。介绍了食品安全风险分析的基本原理,指出了我国开展食品安全风险分析的问题,并提出有关对策,以期对提高我国的食品安全水平有所裨益。