治理与开发结合 大力发展小流域经济

治理与开发结合大力发展小流域经济冯长海，陈继昭（河南省水利厅，郑州４５６００３）水土保持是除害兴利的公益性事业，是治理江河、整治国土、防治水土流失的根本措施，具有全方位、多功能的效应。近１０年来，河南省开展综合治理的小流域已达８００多条，初步治理水土...     

水稻抗瘟性与雄性不育性之间的遗传关系研究

以两个三系杂交水稻组合来测定水稻对稻瘟病的抗性与野败型雄性不育性的遗传关系,以一个二系杂交水稻组合来测定水稻抗瘟性与光敏不育性的遗传关系。结果表明,水稻抗瘟性（对８８－９菌株,ＺＢ１５小种）与野败不育性是独立遗传的;抗瘟性与光敏不育性是连锁遗传的,交换值接近４０．９０。     

我国东南丘陵山区土壤肥力的综合评价

土壤肥力是土壤的养分状况以及土壤在供应植物生理所需物质时所处的环境条件这两者的有机结合，本文根据模糊（Ｆｕｚｚｙ）数学和多元数理统计分析原理，建立了一个定量的土壤肥力综合评价方法。     

肉桂林取代杉木林后土壤肥力变化的研究

对４年生肉桂林和杉木萌芽林的土壤肥力进行对比研究。结果表明：肉桂林的土壤结构、水分状况、孔隙组成和渗透性能均比杉木萌芽林好,土壤有机质、全Ｎ、全Ｐ、全Ｋ和速效养分含量也比杉林萌芽森有所增加。说明肉桂林取代杉木林后,林地土壤肥力得到较明显的改善。     

利用航空成像光谱数据研究土壤供氮量及变量施肥对冬小麦长势影响

以推扫式成像光谱仪PHI(Pushbroom Hyperspectral Imager)获取的冬小麦拔节期、灌浆初期及乳熟期的航空影像数据为基础，提取反映冬小麦长势的光谱特征值，结合地面调查数据，分析了研究区冬小麦的长势情况；对不同时相光谱特征值与土壤基础供氮量、土壤总供氮量以及变量施肥量进行统计分析，分析结果显示：土壤基础供氮量、土壤总供氮量的空间分布差异对冬小麦长势有明显的影响，其中，土壤基础供氮量是影响冬小麦长势的重要因素，它对冬小麦的长势影响贯穿冬小麦的整个生育期；此外，该文还通过变量施肥前后作物     

Dynamics of soil microbial biomass C and soil fertility in cropland mulched with plastic film in a semiarid agro-ecosystem

Microbial biomass C (MBC) is one of the soil properties used as an indicator for the fertility status of a soil. A study was conducted on a semi-arid Loess Plateau in China. The field was planted with spring wheat and mulched with plastic film for various lengths of time. Our primary objectives were to (i) explore the influence of film mulching on soil MBC and soil fertility, and (ii) seek an effective approach of maintaining and improving sustainability of cropland mulched with plastic film in two growing seasons. Four treatments were tested, non-mulching (M0), mulching for 30 days after sowing (M30), mulching for 60 DAS (M60) and mulching for the whole growing period (Mw). An increasing air temperature with time within the growing season promoted soil MBC in the two growing seasons, but a severe drought led to a lower MBC in 2000 compared with the wet year of 1999. Film mulching promoted MBC significantly in the 2 years, but decreased soil organic carbon (SOC). SOC is very low in the experimental soil, accounting for the higher MBC/SOC ratio compared with ratios reported by others. The SOC is greatly reduced in the non-mulched and the Mw treatments compared to the M30 and M60 treatments. In conclusion, the benefits of film mulching in semi-arid agricultural systems are enormous but realizing their full potential depends on how long the mulching material is maintained during the growing season. In the system tested, it is desirable to mulch the plots for 30-60 DAS in order to enhance microbial biomass and cycling of nutrients and also to provide a more stable soil micro-environment that generates more residues in the rhizosphere.     

长期免耕水稻田土壤的生物特征研究

对经过 10年半旱式免耕定位试验的水稻土主要微生物类群数量和微生物生物量的变化进行对比研究 ,结果表明 :实行半旱式厢作及垄作免耕法能够迅速地提高土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和速效氮、磷的水平 ;微生物数量和微生物生物量变化一般存在季节性规律 :春季高 ,夏季至夏末降低 ;各处理土体上层和下层 (0～ 7.5 cm,7.5～15 cm)的基本肥力特征及微生物特征无明显区别 ;免耕处理土壤 ,其微生物的季节性变幅较小 ,垄上或厢上土壤微生物生物量甚至表现反季节性 ,整个生长季节内稳中有升 ,有利于土壤有机物质的转化和土壤肥力的发挥     

黄土旱塬施肥和集雨补灌的效应研究

试验结果表明,在肥料用量和补供水量均相同的情况下,膜侧谷子、地膜玉米的增产量大于膜侧冬小麦的增产效果;果树的增产效果大于粮食作物的增产效果。据此认为,适当压缩粮田面积,扩大果树面积,在粮食作物中压缩冬小麦播种面积,扩大谷子播种面积,是农田增效、农民增收的有效途径。     

火烧对土壤性质的影响

火烧以后 ,土壤的各种性质会发生较大变化 ,原因是火向土壤中施加了热量、灰烬 ,并且改变了土壤环境和微气候 ,土壤性质也可因植被和生物活性的改变而发生相应的变化。本文对火烧后土壤生态系统中养分的浓度、有效性、迁移性 ,土壤中的生物和酶活性 ,土壤有机碳库等的变化进行了综合评述 ,以期为森林火灾、草地烧荒后的土壤管理等提供理论参考。     

近代黄河三角洲东营农业综合试验区的滨海盐渍土及其改良利用的研究 Ⅲ.稻草还田的培肥改土效应

近代黄河三角洲滨海氯化物盐渍土在开发种稻的条件下，鉴于其土壤肥力瘠薄及盐分危害，实施稻草还田，能够明显地改善土壤的养分及其它不良的理化性状，增产效果显著．