创建高职教育高等数学动态化教学体系探讨

通过对高等数学教学现状的分析,阐述了高等数学教学改革的必然性,论述了构建高等数学动态教学体系的要素及条件。     

氮肥施用对石灰性土壤交换性钙含量的影响

为了揭示长期土壤化学物质投入量的不断增加给土壤造成的“亚健康”现象,更新石灰性土壤不会产生钙亏缺的传统理念,本试验研究了施用NH4Cl、( NH4 )2SO4、NH4NO3和尿素4种常用氮肥对石灰性土壤表层交换性钙含量的影响.结果表明:石灰性土壤经NH4Cl、1/2(NH4)2SO4、NH4NO3三种同体积不同浓度铵态...     

植物"柔性坝"在不同底坡下水流特性的试验研究

通过室内水槽模型试验,较系统地分析了植物“柔性坝”在交错布置方式下,3种不同底坡对水流的影响.由试验得出,植树后底坡越大,流量对植物坝的壅水影响越不明显,即底坡对植物坝壅水的影响要比流量的影响大.同时通过对相同底坡不同流量下植树前后断面平均流速的分析,说明了植物坝能较好的减小坝前和坝内的水流平均流速,并将流速峰值均匀化.最后从理论上分析了植树前后糙率的变化.     

地下灌排兼用系统中田间土基透水管的机理分析及其现场成型机研制

通过对现有地下灌溉系统的分析，论述了田间地下土基透水管灌溉、排水兼用的可行性及机理分析。在对国内外暗管施工机进行分类归纳的基础上，研制出土基透水管现场成型机，可现场一次完成土基管的成型、固壁、防渗、镶嵌渗水条等工序，初步对样机进行了田间试验，验证其结构合理性、经济性、并对土壤的破坏成型机理进行了分析     

How important is N2O production in removing atmospherically deposited nitrogen from UK moorland catchments?

Nitrate (NO₃⁻) leaching due to anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is an environmental problem in many parts of the UK uplands, associated with surface water acidification and affecting lake nutrient balances. It is often assumed that gaseous return of deposited N to the atmosphere as N₂O through denitrification may provide an important sink for N. This assumption was tested for four moorland catchments (Allt a’Mharcaidh in the Cairngorms, Afon Gwy in mid-Wales, Scoat Tarn in the English Lake District and River Etherow in the southern Pennines), covering gradients of atmospheric N deposition and surface water NO₃⁻ leaching, through a combination of field and laboratory experiments. Field measurements of N₂O fluxes from static chambers with and without additions of NH₄NO₃ solution were carried out every 4 weeks over 1 yr. Wetted soil cores from the same field plots were used in experimental laboratory incubations at 5 and 15 °C with and without additions of NH₄NO₃ solution, followed by measurement of N₂O fluxes. Field measurements showed that significant N₂O fluxes occurred in only a very small number of plots with most showing zero values for much of the year. The maximum fluxes were 0.24 kg-N/ha/yr from unamended plots at the River Etherow and 0.49 kg-N/ha/yr from plots with NH₄NO₃ additions at the Allt a’Mharcaidh. Laboratory incubation experiments demonstrated that large N₂O fluxes could be induced by warming and NH₄NO₃ additions, with the top 5 cm of soil cores responsible for the largest fluxes, reaching 11.8 kg-N/ha/yr from a podsol at Scoat Tarn. Acetylene block experiments showed that while N₂ was not likely to be a significant denitrification product in these soils, reduced N₂O fluxes indicated that nitrification was an important source of N₂O in many cases. A simple model of denitrification suggesting that 10-80% of net N inputs may be denitrified from non-agricultural soils was found to greatly over-estimate fluxes in the UK uplands. The proportion of deposition denitrified was found to be much closer to the IPCC suggested value of 1% with an upper limit of 10%. Interception of N deposition by vegetation may greatly reduce the net supply of N from this source, while soil acidification or other factors limiting carbon supply to soil microbes may prevent large denitrification fluxes even where NO₃⁻ supply is not limiting.     

棕壤和褐土的酸淋溶特征

用室内模拟淋洗土柱的方法 ,对棕壤和褐土的酸淋容特征进行了研究。结果表明 ,p H低的酸雨使棕壤严重酸化且有活性铝测出 ,但对褐土的影响相对较轻。 4种盐基离子淋失总量与酸雨的氢离子浓度呈极显著的正相关关系 ,淋失量 Ca2 >Mg2 >Na >K ,其中 Na 对酸雨的酸度最不敏感。电导率的变化与盐基淋失量的变化有相同趋势 ,但不同处理之间的差别倍数大于盐基淋失差别的倍数 ,4种酸雨对土壤的危害程度为 p H2 >p H3>p H4、p H5 ,其中危害棕壤的程度高于褐土。     

施氮量和底追比例对小麦氮素利用和土壤硝态氮含量的影响

利用^15N同位素示踪技术研究了不同的施氮量和底追比例对小麦氮素利用和土壤硝态氮的影响。结果表明：底追比例均为5：5，处理2（纯氮施用量为168kg／hm^2）与处理1（纯氮施用量为240kg／hm^2）比较，处理2成熟期植株中土壤氮素的积累量，肥料氮的利用率均高于处理1的，但处理2的土壤硝态氮含量低；籽粒产量、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和面团稳定时间处理间无显著差异。纯氮施用量均为168kg／hm^2，氮肥全部用于拔节期追施的处理3与处理2比较，处理3成熟期植株中土壤氮素的积累量，籽粒蛋白质含量、面团稳定时间和0～40cm土层土壤硝态氮的含量均高于处理2的；肥料氮的利用率和籽粒产量处理间无显著差异。成熟期不同处理0～60cm土层土壤硝态氮含量均低于播种前，在60～80cm土层形成累积峰并高于播种前，但80cm以下层次与播前相比无明显差异。     

重庆市江津柑橘果园土壤pH与盐基饱和度的关系探讨

根据江津市柑橘果园土壤71个灰棕紫泥土样的分析资料,应用统计方法,探讨pH和盐基饱和度的关系。土壤pH与盐基饱和度呈y=8.4451x2+115.54x-305.28,R2=0.8541非线性正相关,且受占优势的交换性Ca2+制约。分析了盐基饱和度的可能的影响因素。     

不同近地表水文条件下紫色土坡面土壤侵蚀过程研究

采用模拟降雨试验,研究了自由下渗(free drainage)、土壤水分饱和(saturation)、壤中流(seepage)3种近地面水文条件下紫色土坡面土壤侵蚀过程.结果表明,近地表水文条件会对紫色土坡面侵蚀过程产生重要影响.在地面坡度5°～15°条件下,当地表水文条件由自由下渗演变为土壤水分饱和时,坡面侵蚀量由1.31～2.02 g/(min·m2)增加到1.83～5.50 g/(min·m2);当地表水文条件由土壤水分饱和变为壤中流时,坡面侵蚀量达到4.40～16.41 g/(min·m2).土壤水分饱和条件下坡面侵蚀量是自由下渗的1.40～2.73倍;壤中流条件下坡面侵蚀量是自由下渗时的3.36～8.12倍,是土壤水分饱和时的2.40～2.98倍.同时,坡面坡度对紫色土坡面侵蚀过程有重要的影响.     

校外教学实习基地建设的探索与实践

为了适应市场经济需要,在建设校外教学实习基地过程中,我们引进了产学研结合的育人机制,先后在校外建立了１１个基地,解决了畜牧兽医系所承担的７个专业的实习场所问题,安排了３７１名学生实习,保证了教学质量。同时,结合教学和生产,在基地开展了合作研究,进行科技服务,培训技术骨干和基地职工,从而大大加快了基地生产的发展,经济效益明显提高。目前,建立校外教学实习基地的经验,已在校内各系推广。