浙江莫干山的叶甲

本文记述浙江莫干山鞘翅目叶甲科叶甲亚科昆虫计8属14种。     

环境因子对苹果粗皮病发生的影响

苹果粗皮病是苹果树严重的生理病害。为探讨苹果粗皮病致病机理,通过田间采样、土壤理化特性与气候因子分析,研究土壤等环境因子与苹果粗皮病发生的关系。结果表明,苹果粗皮病在棕壤土和滨海潮土上均可发生。土壤pH高低与苹果粗皮病的发生相关,土壤pH越低,土壤有效锰含量越高,苹果粗皮病发病程度越重,但土壤pH不是苹果粗皮病主要致病因子。不同感病地点的土壤有效锰含量相差悬殊,在0～80cm范围内,牟平最高锰含量为29.30mg/kg,而栖霞最低为57.39mg/kg,最高达114.43mg/kg,说明土壤有效锰含量不是苹果粗皮病发生的唯一因子,但发病率栖霞要高于牟平。土壤有效锰铁呈负相关性,锰铁比增大,可引起树体对锰的过量吸收,苹果粗皮病发生程度加重。因此,苹果粗皮病发生是土壤锰含量、锰铁比、土壤pH、降雨量等环境因子综合作用的结果。     

The influence of different treatments causing emigration of nitidulid beetles

Experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of different modified atmospheres, low pressures alone, methyl bromide (MB) alone, and MB in combination with CO₂ or low pressure, in causing nitidulid beetles to emigrate from infested dried fruit for which dates served as a model. All the treatments at 4 h and 16 h exposure and at 26°C, had a marked influence in causing insects to abandon the infested fruit. The most effective treatments at the two exposures were pressures of 50 mm Hg, and 1.4% O₂ in air, both of which caused over 87% of the initial insect populations to emigrate from the fruit. At 4 h exposure, 2.8% O₂ was less effective than 100 mm Hg or MB. At 16 h exposure, MB+CO₂ was third in effectiveness and 100 mm Hg was one of the least effective treatments.     

Effects of Pinus massoniana bark extract on the adhesion and migration capabilities of HeLa cells

Pinus massoniana Lamb is a Chinese red pine species used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety of human health disorders. Recent studies have shown that P. massoniana bark extract (PMBE) has an anti-proliferation effect on cancer cells. However, it is not clear if PMBE affects cancer cell migration and/or invasion. We tested the effect of PMBE, which has B-type procyanidin as its main constituent, on the adhesion and migration capabilities of HeLa cells, a human cervical cancer cell line, cultured in vitro. Our results showed that PMBE has no significant effect on the adhesion capability of HeLa cells, but strongly inhibits their migration. This finding suggests that PMBE could be a potential therapeutic agent for metastatic cancer.     

云南元阳县麻疯树不同部位挥发性化学成分的研究

采用乙醇加热回流法提取了云南元阳县麻疯树不同部位(叶、皮及种子)中的挥发性成分,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对其提取物化学成分进行了解析,分离鉴定了各组成及相对含量.从麻疯树叶、皮、种子挥发性物质中分别分离出53、58、13个色谱峰,鉴定出28、32、10种化合物,占挥发性成分的79.2％、75.4％、97....     

杨树受光肩星天牛危害程度与树皮厚度的关系

为了解天牛对杨树的危害，分析了几种杨树上光肩星天牛排粪孔数与树皮厚度，树高的关系。发现在一定范围内，光肩星天牛在大径阶杨树上产卵与树皮厚度之间存在密切的负相关性。小径阶杨树上天牛产卵多在中下部，同样是由于树皮厚度所致。树皮厚度较树高与天牛产卵量关系更为密切，存在天牛产卵的最适树皮厚度。     

杨树虫害木存放及剖板处理防止光肩星天牛传播的研究

对砍伐后存放了不同时间的杨树虫害木分别剖成厚度为１．０ｃｍ、１．５ｃｍ、２．０ｃｍ及２．５ｃｍ的木板,系统调查了木材内光肩星天牛幼虫及蛹的存活情况。试验结果表明伐倒木存放７个月以上时,杨树虫害木内无任何天牛活虫态存在,可安全地制作不同厚度的木包装,并杜绝人为传播;新伐杨树虫害木当剖成厚度为１．５ｃｍ以下的木板时,可全部杀死各虫态的天牛;锯成２．０ｃｍ厚的木板时,所有天牛虫道均已被破坏,天牛虫体暴露在外,严重破坏了生存环境,在剖板后不久即可自然死亡。     

黑荆树树皮原花色素生物活性的研究

对黑荆树树皮中原花色素的提取及生物活性进行了研究.实验分别以水、甲醇和乙醇作为提取溶剂,对黑荆树皮中原花色素的提取进行了探讨,通过测定其总抽出物含量和原花色素粗提物得率的影响,确定了适宜的提取条件,并重点对原花色素生理活性包括抗肿瘤和抗氧化活性进行了评价.利用MTT比色法对原花色素抗肿瘤活性进行了测定,利用清除DPPH自由基能力测定了其抗氧化能力.实验结果表明,黑荆树树皮是一种富含原花色素的植物资源.提取溶剂选择性试验结果表明,乙醇作为提取溶剂,不仅可以得到较高提取率的原花色素,而且所得原花色素粗提物具有较高的生理活性.黑荆树树皮原花色素适宜提取工艺条件为:溶剂浓度 70%,提取温度 60 ℃,液料比7∶1.体外癌细胞培养的抑制作用测试结果显示,黑荆树树皮提取得到的原花色素粗产品对人早幼粒白血病细胞HL-60有中效,分别对人低分化胃腺癌细胞BGC-823和人肝癌细胞BEL-7402有弱效.自由基清除能力测定结果显示黑荆树树皮中原花色素提取物有很强的抗氧化活性.     

Mineral composition of leaves and bark in aluminum accumulators in a tropical rain forest in Indonesia

Mineral composition including AI, Ca, Mg, P, S, and Si and relationships between Al and other elements such as Ca, Mg, P, S, and Si in leaves and bark of trees in a tropical rain forest in West Sumatra were studied. Sixty five tree species and 12 unidentified trees were referred to as AI accumulators based on Chenery\s's definition (more than 1 g kg^-1 Al in leaves). For most of the Al accumulators, Al concentration in leaves was higher than in bark. However, some members of Euphorbiaceae, Melastomataceae, and Ulmaceae families showed a reverse trend. Most of the non-accumulators also showed a higher Al concentration in bark than in leaves. These results indicated that there was a difference in the mechanism of Al accumulation in tree bodies. Some of the Al accumulators showed an extremely high Al concentration (more than 10 g kg^-1) not only in the mature leaves, but also in the new leaves. Analysis of the relationships between the concentration of Al and the other 5 elements in leaves, revealed that Al accumulators could be separated into two groups at the Al concentration of 3 g kg^-1. This finding suggested that new criteria based on Al concentration (23 g kg^-1) or Al/Ca ratio in leaves could be proposed in order to define Al accumulators, apart from Chenery's criterion. Aluminium accumulators with an Al concentration in leaves lower than 3 g kg^-1 (AI accumulators <3 g kg^-1) showed the same trend as the non-accumulators in terms of these elemental relationships, while Al accumulators with an Al concentration in leaves higher than 3 g kg^-1 (AI accumulators 23 g kg^-1) showed a different trend from the non-accumulators. The Al accumulators 23 g kg^-1 and the other trees (AI accumulators < 3 g kg^-1 and non-accumulators) showed separately positive correlations between the concentrations of AI and Ca (or Mg) in the leaves. This observation seems to be opposite to general findings in plant nutrition, i.e. inhibition of Ca or Mg uptake by AI. A positive correlation between Al and S was also observed for all the trees. The Al accumulators ≥3 g kg^-1 showed positive correlations between the concentrations of Al and P (or Si) in the leaves, unlike the other trees. These findings suggested that Al stimulated P, S, or Si accumulation in leaves or Al was transported with P, S, or Si for the Al accumulators ≥3 g kg^-1. No negative relationships between Al and the other 5 elements in the leaves were observed for the Al accumulators ≥3 g kg^-1.