常规优质稻品种比较试验

为筛选适宜宁化县种植的高产、优质、高效的常规稻优良品种,引进5个常规优质稻品种与当地种植面积较大的5个杂优品种进行品比试验,以谷优929作对照品种,结果表明：金农丝苗、合美占、合丰占3个品种的产量与对照品种差异不显著,综合表现较好,可进一步试种.     

Spatial and temporal effects on seed dispersal and seed predation of Musa acuminata in southern Yunnan, China

Wild bananas are abundant in tropical areas and many ecologists have observed that the succession process is quicker following increased disturbance. This study was conducted to analyze animal-seed interactions and their effects on the seed fate of a wild banana species (Musa acuminata) in tropical southern Yunnan (China) through experiments considering spatial (site and habitat) and temporal (seasons) variation. The largest proportion of fruits (81%) was removed by frugivorous seed dispersers, especially by bats at nighttime. Only 13% of the fruits were removed by climbing seed predators (different species of rats). In the exclosure treatment, rodents accounted for a significantly higher total artificially exposed seed removal number than ants, but with spatial and temporal differences. The highest seed predation rate by rodents (70%) was found in forest with wild banana stands, corresponding with the highest rodent diversity (species numbers and abundance) among the habitat types. In contrast, the seed removal number by ants (57%) was highest in the open land habitats, but there was no close correlation with ant diversity. Seed removal numbers by ants were significantly higher in the dry compared to the rainy season, but rodent activity showed no differences between seasons. The overall results suggest that the largest proportion of seeds produced by wild banana are primarily dispersed by bats. Primary seed dispersal by bats at nighttime is essential for wild banana seeds to escape seed predation.     

Evaluation,tissue culture propagation,and dissemination of ‘Saba’ and ‘Pelipita’ plantains in Costa Rica

Fruit characteristics of the disease-resistant bluggoe-type (ABB) cooking bananas (Musa × paradisiaca L.) ‘Saba’ and ‘Pelipita’ were compared with those of the susceptible ‘Currare’ (‘Horn’). Yields of ‘Saba’ and ‘Pelipita’ were similar to those of ‘Currare’; however, ‘Saba’ and ‘Pelipita’ yielded fewer hands with a greater number of small fruit when compared with ‘Currare’. Shoot-tip cultures of both clones were readily initiated on a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with N⁶-benzyladenine (BA) in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Propagation cultures were initiated by splitting shoot tips along their longitudinal axis and re-culturing the individual pieces to basal medium supplemented with 5 mg l^?1 BA. Transfer of axillary shoots to hormone-free medium resulted in rapid and extensive root formation. Plantlet survival after transfer to methyl bromide-treated soil exceeded 90%. Establishment in the field was achieved following procedures normally used for vegetative propagation of this crop. Trial plantings of in vitro propagated ‘Saba’ and ‘Pelipita’ were established in various provinces of Costa Rica for grower evaluation and for future comparison of growth and reproductive development with plants of these and other cultivars propagated from corms.     

香蕉不同施肥试验研究初报

通过对河口地区连作多年香蕉园施肥试验,比较了不施氮、磷、钾肥对香蕉生长和产量的影响;根据土壤和植株营养测定数据,应用养分平衡法估算香蕉养分吸收量、土壤养分校正系数和肥料利用率等参数,为次年平衡配方施肥试验提供基础数据。     

香蕉束顶病毒基因组和编码蛋白的研究进展

香蕉束顶病毒是一直径约为18～20nm的等轴病毒粒子，基因组至少由6个组分组成。它们有3个共同区域：开放阅读框架、主要共同区和颈环共同区。这些组分编码的蛋白为：BBTV DNA—1编码了复制起始蛋白；BBTV DNA—2和BBTV DNA—6编码的蛋白功能未定；BBTV DNA—3编码病毒的外壳蛋白；BBTV DNA—4编码运动蛋白；BBTV DNA—5编码类成视网膜细胞瘤结合蛋白。     

湖北黄袍林场喜树木本资源及应用

喜树是我国特有的珍贵树种,其次生代谢物因含有一种重要生物碱而闻名。为了宣传这种珍贵喜树资源及推广应用,以湖北国营通城县黄袍林场为对象,简要介绍了黄袍林场喜树的木本资源生长特征、种子园、育苗及推广应用情况。希望引起政府部门和科研人员的重视和研究,提高对这种国家Ⅱ级保护植物的保护及推广应用。     

云南香蕉业现状、优势和发展思路

简述我国香蕉的产销形势,分析云南香蕉业的现状和存在问题,提出了云南香蕉业发展的思路。     

Antioxidant activity of banana flavonoids

The antioxidant activity of flavonoids from banana (Musa paradisiaca) was studied in rats fed normal as well as high fat diets. Concentrations of peroxidation products namely malondialdehyde, hydroperoxides and conjugated diens were significantly decreased whereas the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were enhanced significantly. Concentrations of glutathione were also elevated in the treated animals.     

添加甘蔗渣对香蕉杆堆肥化过程中微生物种群的影响

以香蕉杆、鸡粪和甘蔗渣为堆肥原料,在自制的强制通风静态堆肥装置中进行堆肥试验,研究香蕉杆和甘蔗渣不同比例组合在其堆肥化过程中的微生物变化规律。结果表明：各处理的微生物种群总数呈“波浪型”的变化规律,其中细菌和放线菌种群的数量变化与微生物种群总数的变化规律一致,真菌种群的数量变化呈降低趋势。在整个堆肥化过程中,中温微生物数量始终高于高温微生物,细菌种群的数量也总是最高,是香蕉杆堆肥的优势菌群。结果同时表明,香蕉杆堆肥化处理中加入一定比例的甘蔗渣不仅可以提高堆肥的温度,还能提高微生物种群的数量。尤以香蕉杆：甘蔗渣＝3的处理效果最好。     

Genome classification of banana cultivars from South India using IRAP markers

Summary The banana cultivars are originated from the intra- and inter-specific hybridization of two wild diploid species, Musa acuminata Colla and Musa balbisiana Colla, contributing the A and B genomes, respectively. They are classified into genomic groups by scoring morphological features. Molecular markers provide a quick and reliable system of genome characterization and manipulation in breeding lines. In the present study a PCR based molecular marker specific for B genomes is been reported. The IRAP primer, designed based on the LTR sequence of banana Ty3-gypsy-like retroelement (Musa acuminata Monkey retrotransposon, AF 143332), was used to identify the B genome in the banana cultivars. Further a primer pair designed from B specific bands of Musa balbisiana `Pisang Gala' was used to classify AAB and ABB cultivars in the collection. Among the 36 cultivars tested with this primer, the B specific band was absent in the AA and AAA cultivars (except in one AAA and AAB cultivar) but present in all other AB, AAB and ABB cultivars. Among the triploid AAB/ABB, the PCR products with B specific primers showed restriction pattern polymorphism with AluI. In ABB genomes the band intensity was high whereas low intensity band observed in AAB genomes. Four cultivars reported to have the ABB genome showed a pattern similar to AAB, and one cultivar reported to have AAA genome showed a pattern similar to ABB genome, suggesting missampling or misidentification. The primers used in this study are useful to identify the presence of B genome in banana cultivars, and band intensity may be a preliminary indicator of ploidy level of the B genome but needs further studies with competitive PCR for clarification. These authors contributed equally in this paper.