家蚕性连锁平衡致死系原种的孵化率与发育调查

为了加速雄蚕品种的实用化进程,对家蚕性连锁平衡致死系原种平28、平30的雄性黄卵和雌性黑卵的孵化率、各龄期减蚕率等进行了调查。平28雄卵、雌卵及平30雄卵、雌卵的二日孵化率分别为39.67%、40.67%与29.50%、36.50%,黄色雄卵孵化率低于黑色雌卵,品种间的二日孵化率达极显著差异。平28雄卵、雌卵及平30雄卵、雌卵1-4龄的减蚕率分别为11.34%、17.62%与9.60%、13.24%,雌性减蚕率高于雄性,品种间的4龄起蚕率达显著性差异。对影响孵化及减蚕率的原因进行分析认为:黄色雄卵在蚕种保护过程中,卵内胚胎除受致死基因的影响外,也许更易受到外界环境诸如光线等的不利影响;平衡致死系的致死基因可能对正常孵化的蚕儿会产生微弱不利影响,从而影响正常孵出蚕儿的生长发育。     

芥蓝部分初级三体的选育及细胞学研究

初级三体是用于基因染色体定位的基础材料。以芥蓝自交系‘9501’为试材,采用根尖细胞染色体计数法,从其三倍体与二倍体回交子代中筛选出了34个2n + 1植株,利用无性快繁技术建成可持续利用的单株试管无性系,经核型分析从中初步获得了4个初级三体（1号初级三体,6号初级三体,8号初级三体和随体-初级三体）。各初级三体在株高、株形、叶形等形态特征上表现出一定差异,在减数分裂终变期均以8Ⅱ + 1Ⅲ的联会方式为主,后期Ⅰ染色体呈9/10分离的占绝大多数,额外染色体通过雌配子的传递率为10.15% ~ 27.63%,通过雄配子的传递率为4.91% ~ 11.86%。     

Effect of Vermicompost on Soil and Plant Properties of Coal Spoil in the Lusatian Region (Eastern Germany)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different wood vermicompost application rates on some soil physical and chemical properties as well as on growth parameters of a grass seed mixture (RSM 7.2.1) in tertiary sand contaminated with coal spoil. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse over a period of 42 days. Soil was mixed with vermicompost at ratios of 0.0, 3.0, 12.5, and 25.0% and sown with the grass seed mixture. Soil samples and plant material were analyzed to determine the effect of different vermicompost application rates on the physical and chemical properties. Results revealed that the physical and chemical properties of the soil improved with increasing application rates of vermicompost. In addition, soil treated with vermicompost showed significant increases in fresh- and dry-matter yields of the grass, as well as enhanced uptake of nutrients by the grass. This indicated that treatment of contaminated soils with vermicompost may be beneficial for reclamation processes by facilitating revegetation of disturbed areas.     

Application of the Balanced Scorecard in Achievement Audit

Achievement audit is an important part of management audit , but until now there is no available way to judge achievement .Most of internal audit judge by financial index .But because of the limitation of financial analyze , financial index analyze technique has much limitation itself . In this article , we introduce a new way--BSC to judge achievement , and also use it to achievement audit.     

锅炉省煤器改造的简化计算

生产实际中,由于锅炉设计或者煤质等问题,造成锅炉结焦和积灰等问题,为解决这种情况,许多厂家不得不采取措施对现有的锅炉进行局部改造,探讨了解决锅炉省煤器积灰问题的一种方法,如何利用简单的计算方法替代繁琐的热力学公式进行计算,做好改造前的准备工作,以达到预期的效果。通过对实际改造后的省煤器进行数据验证,结果非常好。     

地膜覆盖方式与施肥对春玉米农田土壤水分及产量的影响

于2011—2013年在甘肃省定西唐家堡村连续三年进行田间定位试验,以裸地为对照,研究不同地膜覆盖方式和施肥对玉米农田土壤水分特征、子粒产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:全膜双垄沟播较裸地0~200 cm土层土壤含水量明显增加,其中深层60~200 cm土层土壤含水量提高24.9%,水分利用效率显著提高129.9%~188.3%,丰水年效果更突出,配施N、P、K肥(N、P2O5和K2O的用量分别为225、120、60 kg·hm~(-2))时,玉米子粒产量和水分利用效率分别达到10 430 kg/hm~(-2)和31.9 kg·mm-1·hm~(-2),较当地农民习惯施肥分别提高10.2%和11.5%。说明全膜双垄沟播种植有利于纳雨蓄墒,具有集水高效利用和增产的效果,配套平衡施肥效果更佳。     

Profiling microRNA expression in bovine alveolar macrophages using RNA-seq

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression and are known to play a key role in regulating both adaptive and innate immunity. Bovine alveolar macrophages (BAMs) help maintain lung homeostasis and constitute the front line of host defense against several infectious respiratory diseases, such as bovine tuberculosis. Little is known, however, about the role miRNAs play in these cells. In this study, we used a high-throughput sequencing approach, RNA-seq, to determine the expression levels of known and novel miRNAs in unchallenged BAMs isolated from lung lavages of eight different healthy Holstein–Friesian male calves. Approximately 80 million sequence reads were generated from eight BAM miRNA Illumina sequencing libraries, and 80 miRNAs were identified as being expressed in BAMs at a threshold of at least 100 reads per million (RPM). The expression levels of miRNAs varied over a large dynamic range, with a few miRNAs expressed at very high levels (up to 800,000 RPM), and the majority lowly expressed. Notably, many of the most highly expressed miRNAs in BAMs have known roles in regulating immunity in other species (e.g. bta-let-7i, bta-miR-21, bta-miR-27, bta-miR-99b, bta-miR-146, bta-miR-147, bta-miR-155 and bta-miR-223). The most highly expressed miRNA in BAMs was miR-21, which has been shown to regulate the expression of antimicrobial peptides in Mycobacterium leprae-infected human monocytes. Furthermore, the predicted target genes of BAM-expressed miRNAs were found to be statistically enriched for roles in innate immunity. In addition to profiling the expression of known miRNAs, the RNA-seq data was also analysed to identify potentially novel bovine miRNAs. One putatively novel bovine miRNA was identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first RNA-seq study to profile miRNA expression in BAMs and provides an important reference dataset for investigating the regulatory roles miRNAs play in this important immune cell type.     

Economic issues regarding tertiary canal improvement programs, with an example from Egypt

Public investments in farmer-managed tertiary canals can promote an improved distribution of water among farmers, enabling them to improve water management practices, enhance crop yields, and select from a wider variety of cropping choices. This paper examines economic issues regarding public programs designed to improve or rehabilitate tertiary canals, particularly in developing countries. Key issues include defining property rights to irrigation water or delivery capacity, and to new or improved irrigation facilities; communicating the relative scarcity of agricultural inputs with appropriate prices or allocations; implementing cost recovery; and determining the best mix of public and private sector participation. The transaction costs of implementing market-oriented programs are also discussed. Economic issues are illustrated by describing Egypt's national Irrigation Improvement Project, for which a set of alternative cost recovery programs is presented.     

小麦套玉米平衡施肥研究初探

通过采用“3414”完全设计方案,对参试肥料因子N、P、K 在小麦套玉米上进行肥效试验,从而获得本县不同农田等级种植小麦套玉米的最高产量和最佳经济合理产量施肥量、施肥比例、施肥时期、施肥方法。分析N、P、K三因子之间的主效因和交互效因,构建本县不同肥力水平农田（不同农田等级）小麦套玉米的施肥配方,为肥料配方和推广测土配方施肥技术提供科学的依据。研究结果：本地区与该试地验肥力相当的中产田可按照上述经济合理产量的施肥量进行小麦套种玉米生产。每公顷应施：纯N=571.23 kg P2O5=121.38kg、 K2O=68.6kg,氮磷钾比例为N：P2O5：K2O=8.3：1.77：1。     

基于BSC的农业节水技术公司化服务模式绩效评价指标体系研究

农业节水技术公司化服务模式是一种创新型高效用水管理模式,即企业实施,农户参与,政府监管的集约化运行管理模式。以平衡计分卡4个维度为基础,从服务业绩、服务对象、内部运行机制和服务主体的发展4个层面构建一套科学合理的绩效评价指标体系,有利于对农业节水技术公司化服务模式绩效进行科学、全面、客观、公正的评价。