平衡施肥对玉米产量和品质的影响

通过小区试验,明确了双城市黑土和碳酸盐黑钙土土壤养分的限制因子及平衡施肥对玉米产量及品质的影响,提出了平衡施肥措施,为双城市乃至我省玉米高产优质施肥提供依据。     

简述小麦干物质积累运转与高产的关系

干物质生产是作物产量的基础,其合理分配是小麦高产的关键。就干物质积累的动态而言,不同品种干物质积累模式没有太大差异,最终产量差异关键在于通过各种栽培模式及各种农艺措施调节干物质在各器官的分配,从而建立合理的源库平衡。     

湖南城乡统筹协调发展研究

湖南城乡经济社会统筹协调发展是解决“三农”问题的根本途径,也是实现富民强省、建设“两型”社会的关键举措.从湖南省实际省情分析,要实现城乡统筹从而协调发展,提出以“3+5”城市群为主线、“四化两型”建设为切入点、政府为主推力、市场为跟进驱动力、城乡一体化管理为发展机制,同时创新制度,推进新型工业化、新型城镇化、农业现代化、信息化,从而达到城乡共同繁荣和协调发展.     

第三产业绿色技术创新效率时空差异及动态演变

本研究旨在提出促进长江经济带第三产业绿色技术创新水平提升的建议,为推进经济带协同一体的高质量发展提供理论依据。基于Min-DS模型,测度2001—2018年第三产业绿色技术创新效率,并结合Dagum基尼系数和Kernel密度估计,揭示区域及其子地区绿色技术创新效率变化的时空差异特征、贡献率及动态演变规律。以长江经济带为例研究得知：在观察期内经济带第三产业绿色技术创新效率总体呈上升趋势,下游地区效率具有显著优势;但各省市效率变化趋势存在较大差异,效率强度区域的空间分布随时间改变;上中下游地区内及之间绿色技术创新效率的时空差异是经济带时空差异的主要来源。本研究系统分析了长江经济第三产业绿色技术创新效率的分布及演变特征,得到了其提升绿色技术创新水平的有效路径。     

Soil test-based nutrient balancing improved crop productivity and rural livelihoods: case study from rainfed semi-arid tropics in Andhra Pradesh,India

Widespread multinutrient deficiencies in the semi-arid tropics (SAT) are among major factors for large gaps between farmers’ current crop yields and potential yields. In this study, we adopted a stratified soil sampling method to assess soil fertility-related constraints in farmers’ fields in eight districts of Andhra Pradesh in the semi-arid tropics of India. Most of the fields across all eight districts were critical in sulfur (61%–98% deficient fields); and up to six districts each in boron (83%–98% deficient fields), zinc (50–85% deficient fields), and soil organic carbon (55–97% deficient fields). Low soil organic carbon specifically indicates nitrogen deficiency. Phosphorus deficiency was critical in three districts (60–84%) while potassium in general was adequate. Soil test-based nutrient balancing through the application of sulfur, boron, and zinc in addition to farmers’ practice of adding only nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium increased crop productivity by 8%–102%. Benefit–cost ratio (1.60–28.5) proved favourable to scale-up balanced nutrition. Better post-harvest soil health and residual benefits of sulfur, boron, and zinc up to four succeeding seasons indicated sustainability of the practice. Results showed that balanced nutrition is a way forward for sustainably improving farm productivity and livelihoods.     

肥料种类对花生生长发育的影响

采用配方施肥与常规施肥方法结合大区试验对花生植株生长状况、产量、经济效益及土壤养分含量进行研究。结果表明,多营养元素配方施肥对促进植株生长效果明显,能明显提高花生产量,增加花生经济效益。目前条件下,以每hm2施肥量N127．2kg、P2O5 60．2kg、K2O90．0kg为宜。     

Profiling microRNA expression in bovine alveolar macrophages using RNA-seq

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression and are known to play a key role in regulating both adaptive and innate immunity. Bovine alveolar macrophages (BAMs) help maintain lung homeostasis and constitute the front line of host defense against several infectious respiratory diseases, such as bovine tuberculosis. Little is known, however, about the role miRNAs play in these cells. In this study, we used a high-throughput sequencing approach, RNA-seq, to determine the expression levels of known and novel miRNAs in unchallenged BAMs isolated from lung lavages of eight different healthy Holstein–Friesian male calves. Approximately 80 million sequence reads were generated from eight BAM miRNA Illumina sequencing libraries, and 80 miRNAs were identified as being expressed in BAMs at a threshold of at least 100 reads per million (RPM). The expression levels of miRNAs varied over a large dynamic range, with a few miRNAs expressed at very high levels (up to 800,000 RPM), and the majority lowly expressed. Notably, many of the most highly expressed miRNAs in BAMs have known roles in regulating immunity in other species (e.g. bta-let-7i, bta-miR-21, bta-miR-27, bta-miR-99b, bta-miR-146, bta-miR-147, bta-miR-155 and bta-miR-223). The most highly expressed miRNA in BAMs was miR-21, which has been shown to regulate the expression of antimicrobial peptides in Mycobacterium leprae-infected human monocytes. Furthermore, the predicted target genes of BAM-expressed miRNAs were found to be statistically enriched for roles in innate immunity. In addition to profiling the expression of known miRNAs, the RNA-seq data was also analysed to identify potentially novel bovine miRNAs. One putatively novel bovine miRNA was identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first RNA-seq study to profile miRNA expression in BAMs and provides an important reference dataset for investigating the regulatory roles miRNAs play in this important immune cell type.     

Integrated Nitrogen Fertilization for Intensive and Sustainable Agriculture

Summary

Increased efficiency of land use and resource-use are critical for agriculture to feed the ever increasing population and yet remain sustainable for the future generations. Mineral fertilizers, particularly, nitrogen (N) fertilizer has played a very important role in meeting the increased food demand and in saving millions of hectares of marginal and wildlife reserves from coming under cultivation. Apart from higher yields per unit land, N application also results in higher protein content. Improper use of N fertilizers due to high application rates, incorrect source and method of application, and poor timing of application have led to air and water pollution and economic losses. Integrated and balanced N fertilization results in a win-win situation with intensive and sustainable agriculture that feed the world without harming the environment. Since multitude of management, soil, crop, and weather-related factors control soil and plant N dynamics, N management recommendations based on field trials alone are too costly and time-consuming. Dynamic N management recommendations that are both site— and season-specific combine field trials with decision support systems (DSS) that simulate crop growth and N transformations as a function of above-mentioned factors. Innovative N fertilizer products and N efficient plant types will further improve N use efficiency.     

Effect of Vermicompost on Soil and Plant Properties of Coal Spoil in the Lusatian Region (Eastern Germany)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different wood vermicompost application rates on some soil physical and chemical properties as well as on growth parameters of a grass seed mixture (RSM 7.2.1) in tertiary sand contaminated with coal spoil. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse over a period of 42 days. Soil was mixed with vermicompost at ratios of 0.0, 3.0, 12.5, and 25.0% and sown with the grass seed mixture. Soil samples and plant material were analyzed to determine the effect of different vermicompost application rates on the physical and chemical properties. Results revealed that the physical and chemical properties of the soil improved with increasing application rates of vermicompost. In addition, soil treated with vermicompost showed significant increases in fresh- and dry-matter yields of the grass, as well as enhanced uptake of nutrients by the grass. This indicated that treatment of contaminated soils with vermicompost may be beneficial for reclamation processes by facilitating revegetation of disturbed areas.     

芥蓝部分初级三体的选育及细胞学研究

初级三体是用于基因染色体定位的基础材料。以芥蓝自交系‘9501’为试材,采用根尖细胞染色体计数法,从其三倍体与二倍体回交子代中筛选出了34个2n + 1植株,利用无性快繁技术建成可持续利用的单株试管无性系,经核型分析从中初步获得了4个初级三体（1号初级三体,6号初级三体,8号初级三体和随体-初级三体）。各初级三体在株高、株形、叶形等形态特征上表现出一定差异,在减数分裂终变期均以8Ⅱ + 1Ⅲ的联会方式为主,后期Ⅰ染色体呈9/10分离的占绝大多数,额外染色体通过雌配子的传递率为10.15% ~ 27.63%,通过雄配子的传递率为4.91% ~ 11.86%。