PRSV NIa-pro、NIa-vpg、NIb酵母双杂交诱饵表达载体的构建及自激活检测

用PCR技术获得NIa-pro、NIa-vpg、NIb基因片段,将这些基因分别克隆到pBD-GAL4载体中,构建酵母双杂交系统的诱饵载体pBD-GAL4-NIa-pro、pBD-GAL4-NIa-vpg和pBD-GAL4-NIb.测序正确后,将重组质粒导入YRG-2酵母菌株,检测其表达产物对酵母细胞有无毒性及对报告基因有无激活作用.结果表明,获得了正确的NIa-pro、NIa-vpg、NIb基因片段,并成功克隆到pBD-GAL4诱饵载体中,且转化有诱饵载体的YRG-2在SD/-Trp营养缺陷平板上生长良好,说明表达产物对酵母细胞无毒性,对报告基因也无自激活作用,为下一步利用酵母双杂交系统检测与NIa-pro、NIa-vpg、NIb蛋白相互作用的蛋白奠定基础.     

Insecticide resistance in disease vectors of public health importance

Vector-borne diseases are a global problem--a trend that may only increase if global temperature rises and demographic trends continue--and their economic and social impact are enormous. Insecticides play a vital role in the fight against these diseases by controlling the vectors themselves in order to improve public health; however, resistance to commonly used insecticides is on the rise. This perspective outlines the major classes of disease vector control agents and the mechanisms of resistance that have evolved, arguing that effective resistance management strategies must carefully monitor resistance in field populations and use combinations of the limited modes of action available to best effect. Moreover, the development of novel insecticide classes for control of adult mosquitoes and other vectors becomes increasingly important.     

表达产肠毒素性大肠埃希菌STa-K99融合蛋白重组腺病毒的免疫学特性研究

为研究表达产肠毒素性大肠埃希菌(ETEC)耐热性肠毒素STa与粘附素K99融合蛋白重组腺病毒rAd.STa-K99的免疫学特性,本实验将rAd.STa-K99经肌肉注射免疫小鼠,采用ELISA法分别检测了特异性IgG、SIgA、脾脏淋巴细胞增殖活性水平及CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞分型比值;并通过攻毒保护试验对其免疫效果进行评价.结果表明,免疫后小鼠特异性IgG、SIgA及脾脏淋巴细胞增殖活性水平显著升高;CD4+/CD8+值显著增大;动物攻毒保护率达到70％.结果表明rAd.STa-K99可以刺激小鼠机体产生较高水平的体液免疫、特异性细胞免疫和肠道粘膜免疫反应,并对小鼠提供有效保护.本实验为研制预防由ETEC引起的新生动物腹泻重组腺病毒疫苗奠定了基础.     

Fat-1基因载体构建及其在家鸡中的体外表达

试验旨在构建一种适合于家禽体外表达的ω-3脂肪酸脱氢酶Fat-1基因的真核生物表达载体,为后续转基因鸡的生产奠定基础。根据家鸡密码子使用频率,对秀丽隐杆线虫Fat-1基因进行优化改造;将改造后的Fat-1基因(cFat-1)连接至pLL3.7表达载体,构建重组质粒pLL3.7-cFat-1;经PCR、酶切、序列分析等手段对重组质粒进行鉴定;用胰酶消化法培养鸡成纤维细胞,利用TurboFect^TM转染试剂将pLL3.7-cFat-1转染体外培养的成纤维细胞;通过RT-PCR检测和绿色荧光观察分析cFat-1基因在细胞中的表达。结果表明cFat-1基因在鸡成纤维细胞中高效转录并表达,成功构建了可在家禽体外表达cFat-1基因的特异性表达载体。本研究首次获得可在家禽体外表达cFat-1基因的转基因细胞系,证实了经基因改造后cFat-1基因可在家禽体外的高效转录和表达,为后续制备富含ω-3脂肪酸的转基因鸡奠定基础。     

利用非转座子载体介导的转基因家蚕表达人胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ

为了实现利用非转座子载体介导的转基因家蚕整体表达人胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ(hIGF-Ⅰ),将hIGF-Ⅰ基因克隆进非转座子类型的昆虫细胞表达载体pIZT/V5-His,构建转基因载体pIZT/V5-His-hIGF-Ⅰ。利用精子介导法将该转基因载体导入家蚕卵,通过绿色荧光筛选并结合PCR和Dot blotting检测鉴定,表明已成功获得hIGF-Ⅰ转基因家蚕。对培育至G2代的转基因家蚕5龄幼虫蛋白质样品进行Western blotting分析,结果显示hIGF-Ⅰ在转基因家蚕中获得表达,重组hIGF-Ⅰ的分子质量约12.5 kD;ELISA检测hIGF-Ⅰ在G2代转基因家蚕5龄幼虫全蚕以及后部丝腺、脂肪体冻干粉中的质量比分别为65、411、469 ng/g。试验结果再次证实通过非转座子载体pIZT/V5-His介导可以将外源基因导入家蚕基因组,并实现外源基因在转基因家蚕中整体表达。     

拉曼光谱结合支持向量机对猪胞质内单精子显微注射胚胎性别的鉴定分析

【目的】 探求一种无损的、非侵入性的、快速的胚胎性别鉴定方法。【方法】 以207个猪卵胞质内单精子显微注射(intracytoplasmic sperm injection,ICSI)胚胎及其培养液为研究对象,单个胚胎经巢式PCR扩增鉴定其性别后随机分成训练集和测试集,同时利用拉曼光谱技术获取单个ICSI胚胎培养液的拉曼光谱。原始光谱经过处理后,采用支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)算法构建分类模型,先用训练样本进行训练和建模,然后预测测试样本的性别,结合PCR性别鉴定的结果,计算分类准确率。【结果】 通过巢式PCR对207个胚胎进行性别鉴定,鉴定出71个雄性胚胎、128个雌性胚胎,8个样品扩增失败。猪ICSI雄性胚胎培养液在1 082和1 360 cm^-1拉曼位移处特征峰强度明显高于雌性胚胎,构建的胚胎性别鉴定模型的分类准确率为81.5%,雌性和雄性胚胎的分类准确率分别为81.3%和81.8%。【结论】 本研究将拉曼光谱技术与SVM法相结合构建了胚胎性别鉴定模型,分类准确率达到81.5%,提供了一种新的、无损的胚胎性别鉴定方法。     

The use of infrared spectroscopy and machine learning tools for detection of Meloidogyne infestations

Plant parasitic nematodes are generally soilborne pathogens that attack plants and cause economic losses in many crops. The infested plants show nonspecific symptoms or, often, are symptomless; therefore, diagnosis is performed by taking soil and root tissue samples. Here, we show that a combination of different infrared spectra analysis and machine learning algorithms can be used to detect plant parasitic nematode infestations before symptoms become visible, using leaves instead of roots and soil as samples. We found that tomato and guava plants infested with Meloidogyne enterorlobii produced different spectral patterns compared to uninfested plants. Using partial spectra from 1,450 to 900/cm as the "fingerprint region", principal component analyses indicated that after 5 (tomatoes) or 8 weeks (guava), plants with no visible symptoms of infestations were positively diagnosed. To improve the early detection response, we used machine learning modelling. A support vector machine (SVM) was used to obtain more robust, accurate models. The SVM model contained 34 support vectors, 17 for each level. The overall performance of the model was >97% and the total accuracy was significantly higher, demonstrating the absence of chance prediction. The best prediction of infestation was obtained at the second and fourth weeks for tomatoes and guavas, respectively, reducing the diagnostic time by half. The combined application of these techniques reduces the processing time from field to laboratory and shows enormous advantages by avoiding root and soil sampling.     

猪RUVBL2真核表达载体的构建及其在CHO细胞中的表达

RUVBL2(RuvB-like 2)蛋白是进化上高度保守AAA+(ATPases Associated With Diverse Cellular Activities,AAA)家族成员之一,CHO(Chinese Hamster Ovary)细胞被广泛地用于表达重组DNA蛋白。为探究猪睾丸组织的RUVBL2基因是否能够在CHO细胞中表达,本实验以猪睾丸组织的cDNA为模板,PCR扩增RUVBL2目的基因,并将其克隆至pIRES2-EGFP(Mammalian Expression Vectors pIRES2-EGFP)载体上,进一步转化到DH5α中,再进行PCR、酶切及测序鉴定;将重组质粒转染到CHO细胞中,再进行荧光、RT-PCR、Western blot检测。结果显示:PCR、酶切及测序都证实了RUVBL2基因正确地插入到了载体质粒pIRES2-EGFP的多克隆位点;荧光、RT-PCR、Western blot也证实了RUVBL2基因在CHO细胞中的成功表达。本实验成功构建了猪的pIRES2-EGFP-RUVBL2真核表达载体,并证实了猪睾丸组织中的RUVBL2基因能够在CHO细胞中表达。     

超表达草生欧文氏菌crtB基因促进转基因番茄类胡萝卜素合成的研究

利用重组PCR 技术,将草生欧文细菌八氢番茄红素合成酶基因crtB 与豌豆质体定位序列ts-rbcS 融合,插入质粒载体PMV 中,构建了植物表达载体pBI-ts-rbcS-crtB,并通过根瘤农杆菌EHA105介导转化番茄。PCR 检测、Southern 杂交和RT-PCR 分析表明,外源基因crtB 已整合到番茄基因组中,并在转基因植株中得到表达。转基因番茄果实中的类胡萝卜素总量增加1.3 ~ 2.5 倍,八氢番茄红素、番茄红素、β–胡萝卜素和α–胡萝卜素分别增加了4.3、1.8、2.2 和2.3 倍。转化株系中内源类胡萝卜素合成基因的表达也受到广泛的影响。crtB 基因过量表达有效促进了番茄果实中类胡萝卜素的合成和积累。