褐飞虱不同为害状损失率测定研究

本研究旨在为褐飞虱为害损失的调查提供直观、准确的参考依据。研究表明,褐飞虱各种田间受害状都有产量损失,各症状的产量损失率为２５．８％～９４．０％。以百穗实粒干重为统计标准,Ｆ＝１８８．７０４＊＊,达极显著差异水平。ＳＳＲ多重比较,不同水稻被害状之间损失梯度明显。产量因素剖析表明,褐飞虱的为害主要是导致结实率和千粒重显著降低。文中举例说明了研究结果的应用方法。     

Development and Identification of Introgression Lines from Cross of Oryza sativa and Oryza minuta

Introgression line population is effectively used in mapping quantitative trait loci(QTLs),identifying favorable genes,discovering hidden genetic variation,evaluating the action or interaction of QTLs in multiple conditions and providing the favorable experimental materials for plant breeding and genetic research.In this study,an advanced backcross and consecutive selfing strategy was used to develop introgression lines(ILs),which derived from an accession of Oryza minuta(accession No.101133) with BBCC genome,as the donor,and an elite indica cultivar IR24(O.sativa),as the recipient.Introgression segments from O.minuta were screened using 164 polymorphic simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers in the genome of each IL.Introgressed segments carried by 131 ILs covered the whole O.sativa genome.The average number of homozygous O.minuta segments per introgression line was about 9.99.The average length of introgressed segments was approximate 14.78 cM,and about 79.64% of these segments had sizes less than 20 cM.In the genome of each introgression line,the O.minuta chromosomal segments harbored chromosomal fragments of O.sativa ranging from 1.15% to 27.6%,with an overall average of 8.57%.At each locus,the ratio of substitution of O.minuta alleles had a range of 1.5% 25.2%,with an average of 8.3%.Based on the evaluation of the phenotype of these ILs,a wide range of alterations in morphological and yield-related traits were found.After inoculation,ILs 41,11 and 7 showed high resistance to bacterial blight,brown planthopper and whitebacked planthopper,respectively.These O.minuta-O.sativa ILs will serve as genetic materials for identifying and using favorable genes from O.minuta.     

一种侵染桃树的烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的分离鉴定

 从北京地区具有红叶及叶片侧脉失绿等综合症状的桃病株上分离到一种杆状病毒分离物P-1,初步鉴定为一TMV株系;制备抗血清微量沉淀法测定效价为1:1024,并应用于田间样品检测;提纯P-1分离物回接毛桃实生苗后,在上部叶片出现脉间失绿症状,用P-1抗血清作ELISA检测为阳性,肯定了TMV对桃的侵染及致病作用。     

云南省退耕还林工程监理的探讨

退耕还林工程是我国林业建设上涉及面最广、政策性最强、操作难度大、群众参与度最高的一项生态建设工程。在简述了退耕还林工程建设中实行工程监理的必要性、目的及意义的基础上,对退耕还林工程监理的机构建立及管理、监理内容、方法及操作步骤进行了初步探讨。     

樟子松枯梢病防治技术的研究

樟子松枯梢病是由松色二孢菌（Ｄｉｐｌｏｄｉａｐｉｎｅａ）引起的。侵染高峰期为７月中旬和下旬。孢子飞散量与降雨量关系密切。采取的防治措施有：（１）杀菌剂防治：用百菌清防治１次，效果达７１．８％，防治两次，效果达９０％；（２）营林技术：通过适地适树、幼林抚育和间伐可控制该病害的蔓延；（３）计划火烧：春秋两季在林内进行低强度计划火烧，可减少侵染源。     

毛竹枯梢病的研究进展

毛竹枯梢病是我国重要检疫性植物病害，20世纪中叶开始相继在各地暴发成灾，造成严重损失，经多方努力，近年来发病情况受到较有效控制。论文从病原与病程、发病机理及治理等方面对最新研究成果进行综述，并对进一步开展研究工作提出建议。     

Dry matter production and nutrient cycling in agroforestry systems of mandarin grown in association with Albizia and mixed tree species

A study on dry matter production and nutrient cycling in agroforestry systems of mandarin grown in association with N₂-fixing Albizia and mixed tree species (non-N₂-fixing) was carried out in the Sikkim Himalaya. A site with Albizia was referred asAlbizia-mandarin stand and the other site with mixed tree species as mandarin stand. The stand total biomass, net primary productivity and mandarin fruit production was higher under the influence of Albizia. Agronomic yield of crops remained nearly the same in both the stands. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of different components of Albizia were higher than those of mixed tree species, whereas their back translocation from leaf to branch before abscission was lower inAlbizia. The mandarin-based agroforestry is a highly nutrient-exhaustive system evaluated in terms of nutrient exit through the removal of agronomic yield. This system, under the influence of Albizia, was more productive with faster rates of nutrient cycling. Nutrient use efficiency increased under the influence of Albizia, in contrary to the hypothesis that efficiency should decrease with increasing rate of uptake. The poor nutrient conservation of Albizia, and malleability of nutrient cycling under its influence make it an excellent association which promotes higher availability and faster cycling of nutrients.Albizia should be utilised more extensively in the management of mandarin-based agroforestry systems.     

基于江苏省河蟹主产区气象因子的产量BP神经网络预测

为提高江苏河蟹主产区产量预测能力,以此为基础制定科学合理的河蟹养殖发展规划,本研究对河蟹主产区附近设立的7个观测台站2013—2017年的气象数据和该区产量数据进行了采集,利用插值法补足少量缺失值,通过主成分分析选取了最能代表江苏省河蟹主产区特点的5个主成分作为研究对象建立BP神经网络,探索其用于江苏省河蟹主产区产量随气象因子变化的规律。结果表明,通过PCA主成分分析降维处理后数据的大部分特点能被BP神经网络学习到,预测值与真实之间的相关系数为0.82267,具备一定的模拟气象因子数据与产量之间的关系的能力。