前桥摆转式四驱底盘背压控制系统研究

前桥摆转式四驱底盘采用发动机-CVT-定量泵为动力源,轮边液压马达为驱动装置的开式液压阀控系统驱动,需要解决底盘在负负载工况下马达超速的问题。为此,提出一种通过对行走马达进油压力实时监测实现液压系统回油背压控制策略,并根据该控制策略为该底盘设计了一回油背压控制系统。通过AMEsim构建了整机的液压力学模型,分析了行走马达在不同工况下的液压特性,制定了回油背压控制策略。对背压控制系统进行了软硬件的设计,并进行样机试验,验证了该系统控制策略的正确性。实现了样机在正负载行驶时能得到最低的回油背压,保证能量利用最大化;样机在负负载行驶时,选择合适的回油背压,确保液压马达在安全范围内运转。     

刈割和养分回添对羊草草原植物群落生物量及其构成的影响

基于2011年开始的养分回添控制试验,研究锡林郭勒盟草原羊草+克氏针茅+糙隐子草群落在不同肥料(氮、植物割取部分和有机质)对羊草割草场植物群落地上生物量的影响。结果表明:与不刈割相比,刈割+有机质回添、刈割+植物回添和刈割处理显著降低了植物群落地上生物量,但刈割+N素回添处理生物量并没有显著降低。4种处理均增加杂类草和一、二年生植物的地上生物量。与单纯刈割相比,刈割+植物回添处理可增加根茎禾草生物量;刈割+N素回添处理显著增加丛生型禾草地上生物量。与单纯刈割相比,刈割+植物回添处理增加了羊草(Leymus chinensis)种群地上生物量,刈割+N素回添处理增加克氏针茅(Stipa krylovii)种群地上生物量并显著增加糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)生物量。这说明养分回添对植物群落地上生物量的影响,不仅与所施肥料种类和施肥量有关,还与该草原植物群落物种组成有关。     

南方水稻黑条矮缩病研究进展

南方水稻黑条矮缩病是21世纪初在我国华南地区首先发现的经远距离迁飞性害虫白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera传播的一种新的水稻病毒病,在发现后的十多年间发生面积不断扩大,危害逐年加重,成为我国和越南及周边国家重要水稻病害。迄今,有关该病害的研究取得了显著进展,本文综述了该病害的发生历史、病原特征及致病机理、病毒传播及流行规律和测报及防控技术,以期为该病害的深入研究和持久控制提供参考。     

检测南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒胶体金免疫试纸条的建立

由白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera(Horváth)传播的南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒(Southern rice blackstreaked dwarf virus,SRBSDV)是目前我国南方水稻上危害最严重的病毒,为开发简便、快速、准确的SRBSDV病毒检测技术和检测试剂,以感染SRBSDV的植物粗提液为免疫原,利用杂交瘤技术制备了2株抗SRBSDV的单抗(14A8和15G6),并利用制备的单抗建立了可快速、特异、灵敏地检测SRBSDV的胶体金免疫试纸条。结果表明,2株制备单抗的抗体类型及亚类均为Ig G1、kappa链,单抗腹水的间接ELISA效价均达到10~(-7);Western blot分析表明,2株单抗均与SRBSDV的外壳蛋白亚基有特异反应,而不与水稻黑条矮缩病毒(Rice black-streaked dwarf virus,RBSDV)反应。以制备14A8和15G6单抗分别为捕获抗体和胶体金标记抗体,开发成能在5 min内准确、特异地检测水稻植物和白背飞虱传毒介体体内SRBSDV的胶体金免疫试纸条;灵敏度分析表明,该检测试纸条的检测水稻病叶的灵敏度达到1∶6 400倍(g/m L),检测单头携毒白背飞虱的灵敏度达到1∶51 200倍(单头/μL)。田间样品检测结果表明,该试纸条的检测结果与RT-PCR的符合率达到100%。建立的SRBSDV胶体金免疫试纸条可对南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒进行快速、特异、灵敏的诊断和检测。     

R318的抗褐飞虱特性与育种利用

[目的]研究R318的抗褐飞虱特性与育种利用。[方法]以TN1、RHT、B5为对照,对R318及其衍生品系进行褐飞虱田间抗虫鉴定,用抗性基因Bph15引物MS5对R318及其衍生品系进行分子检测。[结果]田间鉴定R318对褐飞虱表现为抗,其衍生品系表现为中抗-感虫;分子检测R318及其衍生品系与B5具有一致的带型。[结论]R318含有的抗性基因可能是Bph15。     

Whole body vibration affects the cross‐sectional area and symmetry of the m. multifidus of the thoracolumbar spine in the horse

Whole body vibration (WBV) has been used as an adjunctive therapy to improve the strength and size of paraspinal muscles as well as postural control in people with lower back pain. It has been proposed that activation of the m. multifidus plays a key role. As the function and anatomy of the m. multifidus in the horse is comparable to that in man, the authors investigated whether WBV might also be a valuable physiotherapeutic modality in horses. The effects of WBV on the cross‐sectional area (CSA) and left to right symmetry of the m. multifidus at various locations of the thoracolumbar spine of the horse was evaluated in a single‐subject quasi‐experimental time‐series design with repeated measure. Nine horses were subject to WBV, 30 min, twice daily, 5 days a week, for 60 days in addition to their regular exercise routine. The CSA of the left and right m. multifidus was measured ultrasonographically at four levels (T15–T16, T16–T17, T18–L1 and L1–L2) along the thoracolumbar spine at Days ?30, 0, 30 and 60 of the study. Changes in the CSA and CSA symmetry (left to right) of the m. multifidus were analysed using nonparametric, repeated measures, comparison of mean ranks with post‐hoc analysis as necessary. A significant increase (P<0.05) in m. multifidus CSA was found at all spinal levels after 30 and 60 days of WBV and a statistically significant improvement in m. multifidus symmetry (becoming more symmetrical) was found after 60 days of WBV, indicating that WBV may be a valuable alternative to dynamic mobilisation exercises when an increase in size and improvement in left to right symmetry of the m. multifidus is sought.     

方形人工鱼礁通透性及其对礁体周围流场影响的数值实验

基于考虑不同形状大小、组合规模的人工鱼礁投放于不同水域环境后形成的流态变化有较大差异,设计x、y、z三个方向不同通透方式的单个正方体人工鱼礁,采用LES(大涡模拟)紊流模式,对定常来流速度下人工鱼礁单体附近流场进行三维数值模拟,建立反映礁体结构的通透系数与礁体产生流场变化的关系。结果显示:上升流和背涡流的规模随通透系数增加而减小;来流方向上,礁体迎流面、背流面的通透系数变化对上升流和背涡流规模影响较为显著,而内部结构的变化则作用不明显,礁体上方与侧方的开口对上升流和背涡流的影响也不显著。迎流面通透系数变化是背涡流规模影响的主要因素。方形单礁缓流区体积随通透系数Tin增大呈线性减小,关系为V_x=-1241.8T_in+1206。通过该研究可在数值计算中通过通透系数与流场变化的关系,实现将复杂礁体简单化,有效地提高计算效率;为将小范围模拟扩大到群礁、甚至大海域的模拟,定量评估人工鱼礁的生态效应打下基础。     

猪IGF2 Intron3 G3072A突变及其在背最长肌中差异表达

采用错配PCR-RFLP法检测胰岛素样生长因子2基因(IGF2)内含子3的G3072A位点变异对长×大杂交猪肌肉生长和脂肪沉积的影响,并采用实时荧光定量PCR法分析该变异对出生后的长×大杂交后代猪背最长肌中IGF2mRNA表达发育性变化的影响。结果显示:IGF2内含子3的G3072A位点变异(G→A)对猪背膘厚和活体瘦肉率均存在显著或极显著影响,表现为遗传父本A等位基因的个体能够增加活体瘦肉率和减少背膘厚;在长×大杂交后代的背最长肌中,IGF2mRNA的表达量在遗传父本A等位基因的个体中显著高于遗传父本G等位基因的个体,在42和180日龄时达显著水平(P<0.05),而在70、90和120日龄时达极显著水平(P<0.01)。     

Predicting mature cork biomass with t years of growth from one measurement taken at any other age

Cork is a natural product that is extracted from the outer bark of the cork oak tree. According to Portuguese legislation, the interval between two consecutive cork extractions on the same tree must be equal or greater than 9 years. Although the majority of the cork oak stands are debarked at the end of this period, this rotation may not be the optimum in many cases. The existing models for cork weight prediction can only be used for trees debarked at a 9 years or, in one model, at a 10-years rotation period, since the data used for its development was limited to these growth periods. The development of a method that allows for the prediction of the mature cork biomass with t years of growth, based in one measurement taken at any other age, was the main objective of this work. The method is based on the knowledge that the density of the cork tissue is constant between the inner and outer cork rings, being significantly different from density of the cork back. It can be implemented using two different equations that were developed during this work: a model to estimate cork biomass with 9 years of age and a model to estimate the cork back weight proportion at 9 years of age. For the first model, four different alternative models were developed, considering different levels of information collected during forest inventory. The model to estimate the cork back weight proportion leads to the biomass of cork tissue. Cork biomass at t years is obtained by decreasing or increasing the biomass of cork tissue according to the difference in cork thickness between t and 9 years of growth. The proposed method was evaluated by comparing the observed and estimated values of cork biomass from an independent data set with corks with 9, 10 and 11 years of age. The results showed similar precision for corks with 9, 10 or 11 years of age. As expected the precision of the predictions increases when the model to estimate cork biomass with 9 years of age uses more information. The presented method should be an important tool for cork oak stand management, for the prediction of the evolution of carbon stocks in cork oak stands, and will allow analyzing the impact in cork biomass production of decreasing or extending the interval between two consecutive cork extractions.     

浙江省天台县晚稻褐飞虱发生关键因子分析与逐步回归预测

运用浙江省天台县病虫观测站1969-2009年的测报历史资料进行了晚稻褐飞虱发生关键因子筛选与回归预测研究。结果表明：影响褐飞虱主害代发生量的关键因子主要是上一代褐飞虱的发生量、2-3代灯下诱虫量、水稻前期的田间发生率。逐步回归研究结果,连作晚稻9月下旬褐飞虱发生量(Y1)逐步回归方程Y1 = -8.9742 -0.2484X1 +0.5705X3 -0.4806X4 +0.0309X9 +0.24205X10;连作晚稻10月下旬褐飞虱发生量(Y2)逐步回归方程Y2=0.74638+0.3303X1 -0.28X2 -1.3136X3 + 1.7233X4 -0.2762X10+0.7946X11;单季稻8月下旬褐飞虱田间发生量(Y3)逐步回归方程Y3 = 4.1037 +0.64817X2-1.564X4+ 1.4128X6 + 0.1762X - 0.0238X8 +0.0752X9; 单季稻9月下旬褐飞虱发生量(Y4)逐步回归方程Y4=2.2717 +0.3217X1 -0.4132X2+ 0.3418X4 +0.3458X5 + 0.6962X10;逐步回归方程可作为褐飞虱发生趋势中短期预报应用,在生产应用过程中,应注意结合水稻当家品种的抗虫性变化和主治药剂防治效果与抗药性变化等情况作适当调整。