周龄饲喂对肉仔鸡生理生化指标的影响

选用336只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为2个处理,每个处理4个重复,每重复42只(14只/笼)。处理1是三阶段饲喂(A)组,处理2是七阶段饲喂(WF)组,两组互为对照,考察周龄饲喂对肉仔鸡理化指标的影响。试验期内每周每重复分别抽取4只试鸡抽血并屠宰,测定血清尿酸、总蛋白、血糖含量及肝脏匀浆中黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)活性。试验结果表明:WF组,肉仔鸡血糖含量显著升高(P<0.05)、血清尿酸含量明显降低(P<0.01)、肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性降低(P<0.05),而血清总蛋白含量没有明显变化(P>0.05)。通过周龄饲喂法,各阶段肉仔鸡血液中各项生理生化指标的绝对变化值减小。     

雏鸡投射向外侧膝状体腹侧核的视顶盖细胞形态研究

鸟类的一些视觉信息经由视顶盖Ⅰ层细胞（Ⅰ细胞）传递到外侧膝状体腹侧核（nucleus geniculatus lateralis ventralis,GLv）,用于色觉、瞳孔反射和视觉运动.使用羰花青荧光染料DiI逆向神经标记技术研究了这些投射向GLv核的视顶盖Ⅰ细胞的形态特征.根据标记细胞的胞体和树突野大小及树突分枝特点,雏鸡投射到GLv核的视顶盖Ⅰ细胞可分为“矛状树突Ⅰ细胞”和“叉状树突Ⅰ细胞”,前者具有小型纺锤状的细胞体和垂直伸延的1支尖端树突,后者具有较大三角形或多角形的细胞体和多支上行性树突.多数标记树突的末端部水平分布于视顶盖F层,和终止于此层的视神经终末部的形态相一致.     

KAv-1 is Better Suited to Chick Fibroblast Culture than DMEM or 199 Media

Cultured cells are a useful resource for poultry scientists, since these cells allow scientists to evaluate biological responses to conditions such as infectious diseases in vitro while mimicking the whole-body response in birds. However avian cell culture requires an optimized basal medium, and there are currently relatively few options for this basal medium (medium 199 and KAv-1). This means that there is still room for the development of an optimal basal medium for avian cell culture. Here we compare KAv-1 medium, Dulbecco''s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) and medium 199 during the culture of chick fibroblasts and determine that KAv-1 remains the optimal medium for these assays. Our results show that DNA damage is reduced in fibroblasts cultured in the KAv-1 medium, when compared to both DMEM and Medium 199 and that these cells also display improved growth dynamics in KAv-1 medium when compared to both DMEM and medium 199. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to describe a comparative analysis of culture media for avian cells, which would provide useful information for poultry scientists.     

肉仔鸡的硒碘营养互作关系

在2×2的因子试验中用200羽1日龄艾线因肉仔鸡研究了不同硒碘营养水平对甲状腺的相对重量及其碘含量、组织硒含量及谷脱甘肽过氧化物酶和5’-脱碘酶活力、血清甲状腺激素（T4,T3）浓度的影响。试验结果表明4周龄肉仔鸡甲状腺的相对质量及碘含量因碘营养缺乏而分别显著增大和下降,但不受硒营养水平的影响;硒营养缺乏使肝脏、肾脏、心脏和胰脏硒含量及肝、肾脏谷脱甘肽过氧化物酶和5’-脱碘酶活力极显著下降;血清T4浓度因硒缺乏而上升但变化幅度未达到显著水平（P＞0．05）,而且因碘缺乏而显著下降（P＜0．05）;血清T3浓度只在硒碘双重缺乏时极显著下降（P＜0．01）。在晒营养缺乏时,碘营养缺乏导致组织硒含量、肝脏和肾脏中谷脱甘肽过氧化物酶和5’-脱碘酶活力均显著下降;但在适宜的硒营养状态下,三者的下降幅度未达到显著水平（P＞0．05）。本研究结果证明肉仔鸡的硒碘营养互作关系：①5’-脱碘酶是硒酶,硒为甲状腺激素正常代谢所必需;②碘营养水平影响组织中硒沉积和硒酶活力。     

高钙低锌日粮对雏鸡生长和血液值及实质器官的影响

采用72只6周龄京白雏鸡,分A,B,C,D,E,F 6组。分别添加钙锌水平不同(3×2,即3个钙水平0,1‰,2‰;2个锌水平0,27.5ppm),饲粮,其中基础日粮钙0.95‰,锌21.5ppm,进行为期30d的饲养试验。结果表明:D组(添加锌27.5 ppm),发育正常,A组(基础日粮)呈亚临床症状。而其它各组表现出不同程度的临床症状,如:生长减慢,羽毛发育不良,趾部发生皮炎,胫骨变粗短。而且血液中血清碱性磷酸酶活性,血清球蛋白明显降低,血清钠和血红蛋白则明显升高,实质器官组织发生退行性变化,肝出现坏死灶,脾小体萎缩,肾上皮,卵巢和睾丸上皮细胞变性并脱落。     

超声波提取—电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定婴儿米粉中的常量和微量元素

采用超声波提取—电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)法提取并测定婴儿米粉中的常量和微量元素。优化超声波提取条件和ICP-AES仪器条件;测得相对标准偏差为0.71%～1.35%,加标回收率为96.1%～103.5%;通过分析国家标准物质GBW10010(大米)和GBW10012(玉米)来验证方法的准确度和精密度,结果得出测定值与标准值吻合。表明此法具有操作简便、检出限低、线性范围宽、精密度高、准确度好等优点,能同时满足微量元素和常量元素的检测要求。     

Performance and Carcass Composition of Broilers Fed Different Carbohydrate and Protein Sources in the Prestarter Phase

Chicken growth rate has increased substantially in the past decades, causing slaughter weight to be attained sooner and increasing the representativeness of the first days of life. Prestarter diets are presently used in a variety of situations in poultry production and are interpreted as investment, not a cost in production. Studies to define the nutrient requirements in the prestarter period are seconded by the necessity to search for ingredients with high nutrient availability that will result in improved animal performance associated with good carcass quality. Alternative ingredients with excellent digestibility must be used in diets for newly hatched chicks, because their digestive system is not completely adapted to the digestion and absorption of feeds. This research evaluated the effects of alternative carbohydrate and protein sources in prestarter broiler chicken diets on the performance, digestive organ morphometry, and carcass composition and yield. The effects of different carbohydrate and protein sources found at the prestarter phase were not maintained in subsequent phases.     

锗-132对肉用雏鸡免疫功能的影响及其临床应用初探——Ⅴ.锗-132对健康及人工感染vMDV雏鸡抗氧化功能影响的研究

1日龄肉用雏鸡300只,随机分为四组:Ⅰ组健康对照;Ⅱ、Ⅲ组加喂100ppmGe-132;Ⅲ、Ⅳ组同时人工感染vMDV。经60日间临床观察并每隔10日检测全血GSH-PX和血清SOD活性及血清丙二醛含量。结果,健康雏鸡全血GSH-PX活性均值为7.9387±1.2378单位;血清SOD活性为80.4643±1.0731nu/ml;血清丙二醛含量为2.9978±0.1760nmol/ml。通过健康对照组比较,人工感染vMDV雏鸡全血GSH-PX和血清SOD活性明显降低;而血清丙二醛含量则显著增多。Ⅲ组与Ⅳ组对比结果发明:Ⅲ组的全血GSH-PX和血清SOD活性高于Ⅳ组,而血清丙二醛含量却低于Ⅳ组,从而证实Ge-132能增强人工感染vMDV雏鸡的抗氧化功能。     

单胃动物对不同来源锌利用的研究

用饲养、平衡、屠宰法测试蛋雏、蛋鸡、内雏与断奶大鼠对不同水平或来源锌的利用、沉积及一些因素,如钙、纤维、植酸水平的影响。采食量、增重量与产蛋量不敏感;空体或全血锌含量亦非有效指标。肝、胰、胫骨及中掌骨的锌浓度,随采食锌水平而规律性地变动,但须进一步量化。血清磷酸酶活性亦表现变动趋势,有待肯定。过量植酸与纤维均增加锌的排泄量,锌的利用率与沉积率都随采食量而下降,并非固定值。建议在常用锌的需要量条件(如50mg/kg 下)测定锌的绝对生物效价,然后采用以 ZnSO_4·7H_2O 为参照物,测定其它锌源的相对生物效价。     

鸡补体水平检测的研究

本试验用试管法以50％溶血做终点,检测1—42日龄正常滨白公鸡的补体水平。结果,从新生雏到5周龄鸡,补体水平呈近直线上升趋向,5周龄后补体水平趋于稳定。