馈能型车辆主动悬架技术

在车辆底盘悬架系统中,馈能型车辆主动悬架的发展已受到关注,其功能是在提高车辆行驶平顺性的同时尽可能地回收由不平路面激励引起的悬架系统振动能量,以减少主动悬架的能耗.本文首先对近年来馈能型车辆主动悬架的发展和研究进行了全面回顾,然后着重对电磁式馈能悬架进行了总结,最后对电磁式馈能悬架的核心问题进行了分析.随着电磁技术的日趋成熟,电磁式馈能悬架将会具有良好的发展前景.     

汽车悬架的二自由度建模方法及分析

采用二自由度1/4车辆模型对汽车悬架进行了建模分析。首先建立了微分方程和状态空间模型,其次使用了频域响应法和拉氏变换法分析了模型,并绘制了二者的频率响应曲线图,验证了模型的准确性。这为后续的位移、速度、加速度和力反馈控制奠定了数学模型基础。     

奔驰W220型空气悬架系统分析

对奔驰W 220型空气悬架系统的结构、功能、工作原理进行分析,阐述了该悬架通过电脑接受传感器的信号并经处理后,由电脑控制执行机构以实现对气体、液体的控制,从而改变悬架刚度和阻尼,以满足车辆在不同道路状况下行驶对舒适性、操控性和通过性的要求。     

开式离心纸浆泵叶轮流道内部流场PIV试验研究

为研究开式纸浆泵叶轮流道内纤维颗粒对液相流场的影响,采用透明有机玻璃材料制造模型样机,以清水和0.1%质量浓度的头发纤维悬浮液为介质,通过PIV试验对叶轮流道内的流动进行可视化研究.试验结果表明:当输送清水介质时,在大流量工况下叶轮流道内流动稳定,未出现旋涡和低速区;在小流量工况下,当叶轮流道旋转到蜗壳隔舌附近位置时,在叶轮流道中段压力面附近开始产生低速区,且低速区随着叶轮流道靠近隔舌位置和流量减小逐渐增大,在远离隔舌位置的叶轮流道内未产生明显的低速区;受叶片扭曲的影响,在叶轮流道内垂直于泵轴的不同截面上的相对速度大小不同,且随着叶片扭曲程度减小,相对速度差减小;输送头发纤维悬浮液介质时,在纤维颗粒的影响下,叶轮流道内的液相流动相对速度降低,导致在小流量工况下叶轮流道中段压力面附近低速区面积增大;在大流量工况下,纤维颗粒存在使液相流动的相对速度大小分布更均匀.     

SBFEM法在农业设施装备零部件设计分析中的应用

比例边界有限元法是基于有限元法的无需基础解的边界有限元计算方法,该计算方法可以把线性问题的变量偏微分方程转换成常微分方程.常微分方程沿着网格径向求解,方程中的系数可以通过周向的有限单元近似值确定,从而提高计算的效率和精确性.通过单向受压带孔平板的比例边界有限元设计分析,并与传统有限元方法进行了比较,结果表明:比例边界有限元法在解决农业设施装备零部件设计分析中的应力集中问题上,比传统有限元法计算效率及精度更高.     

Continuous Plant Regeneration from Established Embryogenic Cell Suspension Cultures of Italian Ryegrass and Tall Fescue

The suitability of different protocols was compared for entire plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis, of the forage plants Lolium multiflorum Lam. (Italian ryegrass) and Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (tall fescue). In the first protocol, miniature embryos were used as starting material, while mature seeds were retained in the other two. Whichever the considered protocol, undifferentiated calli were produced on Murashige and Skoog MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D. The calli were subcultured in the dark on solid MS agar medium, containing 5 mg/1 2,4-D (protocol 2) or on solid MS medium followed by transfer to a rotated liquid MS medium with 2 mg/1 2,4-D (protocol 1). In these conditions, induction of somatic embryogenesis occurred, and whole plants were regenerated during a limited lapse of time, upon transfer in the light, to MS medium supplemented with BAP but devoid of 2,4-D. The simultaneous elimination of 2,4-D and transfer to light appeared essential for full regeneration of the plants. Using this characteristic, an additional step was added to a new protocol (protocol 3) in which microcalli, cultured on liquid MS medium containing 5 mg/1 2,4-D, were transferred to the same medium with 2 mg/1 2,4-D, in the dark. In these conditions, the suspensions kept their embryogenic potential for months. In all cases, plantlets were successfully transferred into the soil. An evaluation of the somaclonal variation potential of the plants issued from each protocol is now underway.     

履带式行走机构粘弹性悬挂机构的刚度-阻尼特性分析

针对传统履带式拖拉机行走系易受剧烈振动冲击的问题,开发出一种新型的粘弹性悬挂机构。用复刚度理论,建立起该机构的运动微分方程,对其刚度-阻尼特性进行了分析。依据能量转换的观点,分析了机构中粘弹性阻尼材料的静、动态对振动能转换率的影响。对开发后的应用在240kW履带式拖拉机粘弹性悬挂机构上进行了刚度曲线设计和性能分析,并在电液伺服试验机上对实际产品进行了性能试验     

动力吸振器在农用机械悬架系统振动控制中的应用

动力吸振器DVA(Dynamic Vibration Absorber)广泛地应用于解决车辆中由于动力总成振动以及路面激励等原因引起的振动和噪声问题。针对某农用机械存在的前悬架上控制臂严重变形问题,应用模态识别技术对上控制臂结构的振动固有特性进行了测试,并结合有限元的方法,分析了该车前悬架上控制臂处振动情况不理想的原因。进而在探讨动力吸振器设计方法的基础上,设计了一款优化参数动力吸振器并应用于实际。     

Cytogenetic analysis of a long-term Triticum timopheevii (Zhuk.) Zhuk. cell suspension culture

In vitro culturing of plant cells can cause changes in karyotype. Chromosome variations following long-term propagation in suspension culture of Triticum timopheevii (Zhuk.) Zhuk. were studied by routine staining and C-banding. The culture was highly heterogeneous with respect to the number and structure of chromosomes. The modal class cells had a lower chromosome number than T. timopheevii (2n= 28). This data was confirmed by cytophotometric analysis of nuclear-DNA content. Frequencies of chromosome loss varied for different homoeologous groups. A^t genome chromosomes tended to be preferentially eliminated in cells of different ploidy levels. Deletions, insertions, translocations, telocentric chromosomes, isochromosomes and dicentrics and their derivatives were observed in cultured cells. Chromosomes of various homoeologous groups differed in the frequencies and spectra of re—arrangements, but most aberrations occurred in the G-genome chromosomes. In vitro chromosome modifications did not correspond to in vivo variation. Presumably, this difference was caused by differences in the mechanisms of adaptation to the environment at the levels of the cell and the whole organism. G-genome chromosomes were more frequently involved in this process, both in vivo and in vitro.     

重金属元素在湿地生态系统中的迁移与分配

为了解重金属元素在湿地生态系统中的迁移和分配特征,于2011年夏季采集了大庆市龙凤湿地土壤、水、芦苇、鱼等4种样品,采用原子吸收分光光度法测定其中Cu,Cd,Zn,Pb,As和Hg这6种重金属元素的含量水平,应用统计学方法分析了彼此之间的相关关系。结果显示,龙凤湿地环境质量状况良好,土壤重金属含量低于松嫩平原的平均值,水体环境质量低于地表水环境质量Ⅱ级标准;湿地中生存的动、植物对重金属的累积情况各不相同,鱼体重金属的富集情况为:Zn>Cd>Cu>As>Hg>Pb,而芦苇重金属的富集情况则为:Cd>Hg>Zn>Cu>As>Pb。分析表明,土壤重金属含量与植物、鱼体重金属含量之间均存在明显的正相关关系,而水、植物、鱼三者之间虽然也存在一定的正相关关系,但均未达到显著水平。