Effects of lairage after transport on post mortem muscle glycolysis,protein phosphorylation and lamb meat quality

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lairage after transport on post mortem muscle glycolysis, protein phosphorylation and lamb meat quality. Two preslaughter animal treatments, transport for 3 h and lairage for 0 h (T3L0) and transport for 3 h and then lairage for 12 h (T3L12), were compared with a control treatment of 0 h transport and 0 h lairage. Data obtained showed that preslaughter transport had a significant effect on lamb meat quality. Loins from lambs of the T3L0 treatment showed higher (P=0.026) pH_{24 h} and higher (P=0.021) pH_{48 h} values, but lower (P<0.001) drip loss and lower (P<0.05) glycolytic potential at 0 h post mortem than those of the T3L12 and control groups. Muscle samples of the T3L0 group showed higher (P=0.046) shear force and lower (P=0.005) b* value than those of the T3L12 group. Muscle glycogen concentration at 0, 2, 4 h post mortem were lower (P<0.05) in the T3L0 group than in control. No significant difference (P>0.05) in most meat quality parameters was determined between the T3L12 group and control, showing lairage for 12 h allowed lambs to recover from the effects of transport for 3 h and resulted in similar meat quality characteristics compared to no transport. Lairage after transport did not affect most meat quality indices in comparison with control, but increased the meat drip loss and b* value of lambs possibly through decreasing glycogen concentration and glycolytic potential.     

Solute transport characteristics of a deep soil profile in the Loess Plateau,China

Understanding solute transport behaviors of deep soil profile in the Loess Plateau is helpful for ecological construction and agricultural production improvement. In this study, solute transport processes of a deep soil profile were measured by a conservative tracer experiment using 25 undisturbed soil cores(20 cm long and 7 cm diameter for each) continuously sampled from the surface downward to the depth of 500 cm in the Loess Plateau of China. The solute transport breakthrough curves(BTCs) were analyzed in terms of the convection-dispersion equation(CDE) and the mobile-immobile model(MIM). Average pore-water velocity and dispersion coefficient(or effective dispersion coefficient) were calculated using the CDE and MIM. Basic soil properties and water infiltration parameters were also determined to explore their influence on the solute transport parameters. Both pore-water velocity and dispersion coefficient(or effective dispersion coefficient) generally decreased with increasing depth, and the dispersivity fluctuated along the soil profile. There was a good linear correlation between log-transformed pore-water velocity and dispersion coefficient, with a slope of about 1.0 and an average dispersivity of 0.25 for the entire soil profile. Generally speaking, the soil was more homogeneous along the soil profile. Our results also show that hydrodynamic dispersion is the dominant mechanism of solute transport of loess soils in the study area.     

Vertical distribution of larval Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) and Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus): Implications for vertical migratory behaviour and transport

Understanding the interactions among biological and physical processes is essential to determining how the environment affects transport and survival of fishes. We examined vertical distribution in larval Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) and Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) using 126 depth stratified tows in Delaware Bay, USA, during two cruises, in December 2007 and February 2008. Menhaden larvae were 16.8–24.6 and 20.5–26.2 mm standard length in December and February. Corresponding lengths for croaker were 9.3–17.9 and 8.6–19.6 mm. Using empirical observations, and statistically derived models, we explored larval concentration for both species as a function of location, depth, diel period, tidal period, size, and pairwise interactions. Menhaden concentration was best modeled as a function of station, cruise, and interactions between depth and size as well as between station and cruise. No significant differences in larval menhaden concentration were present among tidal and diel periods. Croaker concentration was best modeled as a function of size and interactions between station and diel period, depth and size, cruise and size. Despite tidal period not emerging as a significant model parameter, we observed larger croaker larvae during nighttime flood tides. Our statistical models are consistent with processes of up‐estuary transport for both species, suggesting larvae are increasingly affected by behavioral responses as larvae grow, exhibiting stronger patterns in vertical distribution. The results refine our understanding of the potential importance of size‐related differences in vertical distribution for larval transport in these species. Future research should examine the interactions among size‐specific vertical migratory capabilities, vertical distribution, transport, and retention.     

玉米果穗养分运输组织的表型研究进展

玉米果穗养分运输组织是连接茎秆维管束并将养分运输至籽粒的"流"系统。随着人类日益增高的粮食需求,果穗作为玉米高产、高品质的物质载体,在玉米育种工作中果穗养分运输组织形态结构和生理功能等性状的研究日趋受到重视。通过整理国内外玉米果穗养分运输组织的相关研究进展,总结了玉米果穗养分运输组织的表型性状及其与产量之间的关系,并展望了在基因组学、表型组学发展的背景下,玉米果穗养分运输组织的研究趋势。     

竹筒的自动输送装置

对现有的竹筒支架进行改进设计,开发一种既可储放竹筒又可进行自动输送的装置,将竹筒逐根输送到破竹机或展平机等后续加工设备的接料装置上.采用制作的手摇式装置进行试验,确定了排列倾斜角度为4°~6°,分隔轮的辐条长度约等于竹筒直径,得到分隔轮转速和电机功率的计算式.     

氧化石墨烯对铅在饱和多孔介质中运移的影响

以氧化石墨烯(GO)及铅[Pb(Ⅱ)]为主要试验材料,通过进行批量吸附试验及砂柱试验,研究GO对Pb(Ⅱ)在饱和多孔介质中运移的影响。批试验结果表明,与石英砂相比,GO具有极高的Pb(Ⅱ)吸附能力。柱试验结果表明,GO在饱和多孔介质中的运移能力较高,环境中Pb(Ⅱ)的存在则降低GO的运移;Pb(Ⅱ)在饱和多孔介质中运移能力相对较低,溶液中存在GO时,Pb(Ⅱ)在饱和多孔介质中的运移能力明显提高;将Pb(Ⅱ)污染后的砂柱注入GO悬液,被石英砂吸附的Pb(Ⅱ)能够随GO一起重新流出砂柱,且流出液中Pb(Ⅱ)的浓度与GO浓度呈良好的正相关。     

粒径和流速对大肠杆菌在饱和多孔介质中迁移的影响

采用室内柱迁移实验,研究了在不同离子强度下多孔介质粒径和孔隙水流速对大肠杆菌在饱和石英砂柱中沉积与释放行为的影响。结果表明,介质粒径和孔隙水流速均能影响大肠杆菌在石英砂中的迁移过程。介质粒径的减小可增强大肠杆菌在多孔介质中的筛滤效应,增加其沉积率和滞留率,减小水化学扰动引起的释放效应,流速的降低有利于提高大肠杆菌的沉积率和滞留率。离子强度的高低可改变粒径和流速对大肠杆菌迁移影响的大小,在较高离子强度条件下,减小介质粒径和孔隙水流速对提高大肠杆菌的沉积率和滞留率的作用增强。由于自然环境的复杂性,今后的研究应注重真实地下水环境中多因素对大肠杆菌迁移行为的复合影响,以便更加准确地掌握大肠杆菌在多孔介质中迁移的规律。     

短坡坡长变化对坡地风沙土产流产沙及氮磷流失的影响

通过野外水流冲刷试验,对比分析了不同坡长条件下坡面产流产沙及氮磷流失特征。结果表明,上方来水流量一定时,坡长越长,其坡面入渗量越大,径流量越小,且存在一个临界坡长,使得径流量和入渗量相当,累计径流量与坡长是负线性关系。随着坡长增加,产沙量增大,单位坡长的泥沙流失量在各坡长条件下差异并不显著(P0.05)。累计泥沙量随着坡长增大而增大;幂函数比指数函数能更好的描述硝态氮和水溶性磷浓度变化过程;泥沙中硝态氮和有效磷的含量整体上随时间呈减小趋势。坡长越长,其养分富集率越大;随着坡长增大,存在一个临界坡长使得养分流失总量最大;土壤剖面硝态氮含量分布随着深度增大呈现出峰值特征,但是峰值存在的深度不同。土壤剖面有效磷主要积聚表层5cm以上,5cm以下有效磷含量极低。研究结果对进一步分析坡长对水土养分流失的影响具有参考价值。     

矿质养分和激素对根毛生长发育的影响及作用机制

【目的】植物矿质养分和水分的吸收利用赖于根系,根系中根毛的生长发育不仅扩大了根系吸收表面积,促进了矿质养分和水分的吸收还有助于植物根的固定以及与土壤微生物的互作。本文从矿质养分角度(氮、 磷、 钾、 钙、 铁)和激素角度(生长素、 乙烯、 茉莉酸、 独脚金内酯、 油菜素内酯)探讨影响根毛生长发育的因子及作用机理。【主要进展】氮对根毛生长发育的影响与茉莉酸和乙烯有关, 磷与生长素、 乙烯、 独脚金内酯互作调控根毛生长发育;生长素和乙烯以交互作用调控根毛生长发育,茉莉酸、 独角金内酯和油菜素甾醇对根毛生长发育的作用是部分依赖生长素或乙烯途径;植物体内生长素和乙烯等激素的平衡对根毛的生长发育起着重要作用。【建议和展望】基于以上分析,从蛋白激酶及其相关调控基因及转录因子等方面可深入探析矿质养分、 植物激素等对根毛和丛枝菌根生长发育的影响。     

不同积累型苋菜(Amaranthus mangostanus L.)镉吸收转运特征差异性研究

【目的】比较高积累型苋菜品种Tianxingmi与低积累型苋菜品种Zibeixian在Cd胁迫下Cd吸收转运特征差异性,揭示苋菜品种Tianxingmi高积累镉的机理。【方法】采用水培试验,添加代谢抑制剂来研究两品种苋菜根系吸收Cd的主要途径。分别在30 μmol/L CdCl₂处理4 h、8 h、16 h、1 d和2 d采样测定,采用非损伤微测技术（Non-invasive micro-test technique,NMT）,进行植物活体动态测试,调查、测量两品种苋菜根系Cd2+离子流特征,比较了两品种对代谢抑制剂的反应。【结果】在30 μmol/L CdCl₂处理1 d后,Tianxingmi生物量达到最大值5.90 g/plant,是Zibeixian生物量的二倍;Tianxingmi根、茎和叶中Cd浓度分别为609、254和62.3 mg/kg,分别是Zibeixian的1.4倍、1.9倍和1.6倍,地上部和全株的Cd累积量分别高达602.0、1308 μg/plant;Tianxingmi富集系数（BCF）与转运系数（TF）分别为Zibeixian的2.1倍和1.5倍,这些结果两品种均表现出显著性差异（P < 0.05）。NMT技术测定两品种根系Cd2+离子流,通过扫描位点测定发现,距根尖0~300 μm范围内两品种苋菜根系Cd2+内流最强且差别最大,并在此做定点位点测定,发现Tianxingmi根系Cd2+内流是Zibeixian根系Cd2+内流的3.75倍,说明了两品种的富集特征与NMT结果一致。添加代谢抑制剂处理显著降低了高积累型Tianxingmi各器官中的Cd浓度,富集系数（BCF）与转运系数（TF）,以及根系Cd2+内流（P < 0.05）,主动吸收特征明显,而对低积累型Zibeixian的相关生理指标影响不大。【结论】两苋菜品种Cd吸收转运特征均表现出显著性差异。Tianxingmi具有更强的Cd吸收和向地上部转运与累积能力,并且根系对Cd的吸收与转运是主动需能的过程,共质体途径在Cd进入Tianxingmi根系并向地上部运输的过程中起着主要作用。