草莓畸形果的胚胎学研究

在草莓生产中,有的品种（如戈雷拉）常产生青顶等畸形果现象,严重影响果品质量。本研究以“戈雷拉”（畸形）和“小实”（正常）品种为材料,从胚胎学方面进行比较,探讨畸形果产生的原因。结果如下：１）切片观察表明,两品种相比,草莓各部位的胚发育是不同步的,从下而上具有一定的时序性,其中“小实”的差异较小,而“戈雷拉”差异明显。观察表明,“戈雷拉”位于花托顶端雌蕊的花柱结构异常,致使顶部的胚珠不能受精结实。２）分析两品种间花粉的散发量、花粉生活力、花粉萌发力以及花粉管的伸长速度等方面,“戈雷拉”均明显低于“小实”品种。综上结果认为,造成“戈雷拉”畸形果的产生,可能有多种原因,但上述原因可认为是产生顶部不结实,致使后期花托内生长素含量不同,从而造成果顶生长缓慢的主要原因。     

植物生长调节剂抑制根向地性生长的机制探讨

植物生长调节剂CFM和Bendroquinon可明显抑制水芹根系的向地性生长。这2种物质和另1种生长调节剂DPX1840均可在短时间内迅速抑制3H-IAA在豌豆茎切段中的极性运输,但不影响茎组织对‘H-IAA的吸收,因而造成3H-IAA在处理上方组织中积累。根据结果推测,这些生长调节剂抑制极向他性生长的机制可能与它们抑制植物体中IAA的极性运输有关。     

云南烟草丛枝症病害研究 Ⅶ 激素的变化

采用植物激素ＥＬＩＳＡ测定试剂盒,对比测定了烟草感染丛枝症的病株与健株体内细胞分裂素（ｉＰＡ和ＺＲ）与生长素（ＩＡＡ）含量的变化．结果表明：生长素含量在整个发病期间健株都较高于病株,细胞分裂素含量在发病初期明显高于健株,随后呈下降趋势并趋于稳定,Ｃ／Ａ值在病程中相对处于较高水平．     

番茄新品种‘冀P135’和‘冀P136’

 ‘冀P135’和‘冀S136’是分别由自交系‘JBF2-2-3-M’与‘HZF2-3-1-M’、‘FGF2-1-3-M’与‘HZF2-3-3-M’配置而成的无限生长类型粉红色番茄杂交种。‘冀P135’早熟,果实正圆形,果实较硬,果皮较厚,单果质量230 g 左右,一般产量为90 000 ~ 97 500 kg· hm-2。‘冀S136’中早熟,果实圆形,无绿肩,外形美观,商品性好,坐果率高,单果质量250 g 左右,一般产量为97 500 ~ 105 000 kg · hm^-2。两品种均生长势中等,叶片稀疏,通风透光好,省工省时,管理容易。     

TaIAA15 genes regulate plant architecture in wheat

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important staple crops worldwide. The phytohormone auxin plays critical roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. However, only a few auxin-related genes have been genetically demonstrated to be involved in the control of plant architecture in wheat thus far. In this study, we characterized an auxin-related gene in wheat, TaIAA15, and found that its ectopic expression in rice decreased the plant height and increased the leaf angle. Correlation analysis indicated that TaIAA15-3B was associated with plant height (Ph), spike length (SL) and 1 000-grain weight (TGW) in wheat, and Hap-II of TaIAA15-3B was the most favored allele and selected by modern breeding in China. This study sheds light on the role of auxin signaling on wheat plant architecture as well as yield related traits.     

Exploring connectivity between spawning and nursery areas of Mullus barbatus (L., 1758) in the Mediterranean through a dispersal model

Connectivity between spawning and nursery areas plays a major role in determining the spatial structure of fish populations and the boundaries of stock units. Here, the potential effects of surface current on a red mullet population in the Central Mediterranean were simulated using a physical oceanographic model. Red mullet larvae were represented as Lagrangian drifters released in known spawning areas of the Strait of Sicily (SoS), which represents one of the most productive demersal fishing‐grounds of the Mediterranean. To consider the effect of inter‐annual variability of oceanographic patterns, numerical simulations were performed for the spawning seasons from 1999 to 2012. The main goal was to explore connectivity between population subunits, in terms of spawning and nursery areas, inhabiting the northern (Sicilian‐Maltese) and southern (African) continental shelves of the SoS. The numerical simulations revealed a certain degree of connectivity between the Sicilian–Maltese and the African sides of the SoS. Connectivity is present in both directions, but it is stronger from the Sicilian–Maltese spawning areas to the African nurseries owing to the marine circulation features of the region. However, because the majority of the larvae are transported to areas unsuitable for settlement or outside the SoS, the dispersal process is characterized by a strong loss of potential settlers born in the spawning areas. These results are in agreement with the low genetic heterogeneity reported for this species in the Mediterranean Sea and support the existence of a metapopulation structure of red mullet in the SoS and the adjacent areas.     

Survival and behavioural responses of cool and warm water fish sedated with AQUI‐S®20E (10% eugenol) at high loading densities

This study evaluated the effects of AQUI‐S^®20E (10% eugenol) sedation on the survival and behaviour of yellow perch Perca flavescens (Mitchill) and Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. held in high loading densities. Fish were held in 0–300 mg L^?1 AQUI‐S^®20E (0–30 mg L^?1 eugenol) for up to 10 h in static tanks. At 17°C, yellow perch held in 200 and 300 mg L^?1 AQUI‐S^®20E were lightly sedated for up to 7 h. Yellow perch at 200 and 300 mg L^?1 AQUI‐S^®20E also had >95% mean survival 7‐days post exposure using loading densities up to 360 g L^?1. Nile tilapia were only sedated for ≤3 h in concentrations up to 300 mg L^?1 at 22°C and had >90% mean survival at loading densities ≤480 g L^?1. Ammonia in tanks increased significantly as loading density increased, but treatment with AQUI–S^®20E did not reduce ammonia accumulation. Results suggest that AQUI–S^®20E was effective to sedate yellow perch and Nile tilapia at high loading densities, but sedation varied with loading density and species.     

鱼类磷脂营养生理研究进展

磷脂作为类脂的一种,对鱼类(尤其是仔、稚鱼)的生长、存活、发育及抗应激能力等具有重要作用。作者综述了磷脂的生物学特征、在鱼体内的消化、吸收及转运过程、磷脂的合成途径及其与胆固醇的交互作用等,在此基础上比较了鱼类和甲壳类对磷脂需要量的差异,为鱼类养殖过程中磷脂的应用提供了理论指导。     

Effects of ontogeny, temperature, and light on vertical movements of larval Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus)

The role of behavior, especially vertical migration, is recognized as a critical component of realistic models of larval fish dispersion. Unfortunately, our understanding of these behaviors lags well behind our ability to construct three-dimensional flow-field models. Previous field studies of vertical behavior of larval Pacific cod ( Gadus macrocephalus ) were limited to small, preflexion stages (≤11 mm SL) in a narrow range of thermal conditions. To develop a more complete picture of larval behavior, we examined the effects of ontogeny, temperature, and light on vertical responses of larval Pacific cod in experimental columns. While eggs were strictly demersal, yolk-sac larvae displayed a strong surface orientation as early as 1 day post hatch (∼ 5 mm SL). Consistent with field observations, small preflexion larvae (<10 mm SL) showed no response to varying light levels. However, there was a direct effect of temperature on larval behavior: Pacific cod larvae exhibited a stronger surface orientation at 4°C than at 8°C. The behavior of larger, postflexion larvae (>15 mm SL) in experimental columns was consistent with a diel vertical migration and independent of water temperature: fish were more widely distributed in the column, and median positions were consistently deeper at higher light levels. These laboratory observations are combined with observations from discrete-depth (MOCNESS) sampling in the Gulf of Alaska to characterize the vertical distribution of larval Pacific cod and contrast ontogenetic patterns with walleye pollock ( Theragra chalcogramma ). The vertical movements of larval Pacific cod described here will be applied in the development of dispersal projections from Gulf of Alaska spawning grounds.     

Transport of subarctic large copepods from the Oyashio area to the mixed water region by the coastal Oyashio intrusion

The lateral transport of organic carbon in large grazing copepods ( Neocalanus cristatus, Neocalanus flemingeri, Neocalanus plumchrus and Eucalanus bungii ) from the Oyashio area to the mixed water region (MWR) by the coastal Oyashio intrusion was estimated using the data of VMPS (vertical multiple plankton sampler) and 1500 dbar-referred geostrophic transport from the CTD (conductivity temperature depth sensor) data of five cruises during June 2001 to April 2002 on a repeat observation section OICE (Oyashio Intensive observation line off Cape Erimo), which extends southeastward from Hokkaido Island, Japan. The transport to MWR by the coastal Oyashio intrusion was estimated to be 5.3 × 10¹¹ g C for the four species. Data from profiling floats also indicated that the copepods were advected from OICE to MWR by the coastal Oyashio intrusion within about 2 months. This transport is considered to be one of the significant sources of organic carbon in MWR as it is larger than the amount of large zooplankton consumed by Pacific saury ( Cololabis saira ) in MWR, one of the dominant copepod predators in this region.