顶复门原虫电子转移链代谢及Ⅱ型NADH脱氢酶研究进展

顶复门原虫是包括刚地弓形虫、疟原虫及球虫等在内的一大类寄生性原虫的总称,可引起重要的人畜寄生虫病.抗顶复门原虫药物的长期使用,甚至是滥用,使得这类寄生虫对现有药物产生了明显的抗药性,急需开发新型药物.Ⅱ型NAD(P)H脱氢酶是电子转移链途径中的关键酶,由于其仅存在于某些植物、细菌、真菌和寄生原虫等一些低等生物体内,而在高等动物体内缺失,是研发新型抗感染性药物的重要靶标.笔者主要针对顶复门原虫线粒体电子转移链代谢途径以及Ⅱ型NAD(P)H脱氢酶的研究概况进行综述.     

Energy wood resources availability and delivery cost in Northwest Russia

Availability of solid by-products from wood harvesting and mechanical wood processing was estimated as sources for energy production based on recent actual harvesting, sawmill, and plywood production in Northwest Russia at 30 million m³. Nearly 70% of the energy wood, 20 million m³, was from harvesting, consisting of non-industrial round wood, unused branches and tops, defective wood resulting from logging, and spruce stumps removed after final felling. Over 30%, 10 million m³, of the available volume was from sawmills and plywood mills, i.e. wood chips, sawdust, and bark. Due to current low utilization of energy wood for bioenergy in Northwest Russia, delivery cost of energy wood to the potential border-crossing points in Finland was analyzed for three means of transport: railways, roadways, and waterways. Nearly 28 million m³ of the energy wood could be transported by railways and 2 million m³ by roadways and waterways. The costs were lowest by roadways from the nearby border areas (10–15 €/m³ for wood processing by-products and 16–22 €/m³ for forest chips). The costs by railways varied from 12 to 27 €/m³ on shorter distances to 47–58 €/m³ on longer distances. Waterway transportation was the most expensive, about 28–48 €/m³. It should be emphasized that we have estimated availability and delivery costs of energy wood, not prices which are defined by the market based on supply and demand.     

丙氨酸的营养研究进展

丙氨酸是一种非必需氨基酸,近年来,由于其对能量、葡萄糖及其他氨基酸代谢的影响,而越来越受到研究者的重视,文章就丙氨酸对能量、氨基酸、葡萄糖和氮代谢的影响,及其对肠道微生物的影响作一综合阐述。     

Protective effect of progesterone on PC12 cells injured by oxygen-glucose deprivation

AIM: To investigate the effects of progesterone on the cell viability and expression of glucose transporter type 3(GLUT3) in PC12 cells injured by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in attempt to prove the neuroprotection of progesterone (PROG) against the hypoxic-ischemic injury in cultured cells in vitro. METHODS: Well-differentiated PC12 cells induced by nerve growth factor were randomly divided into 3 groups. In normal group, the cells were cultured without OGD treatment. In OGD group, the culture medium was replaced by glucose-free medium and the cells were transferred to a humidified incubation chamber flushed by a gas mixture of 95% N₂ and 5% CO₂ for 30 min. After that, the cells were fed with glucose-supplemented medium and cultured under normoxic condition for 24 h. In PROG+OGD group, the cells were given the same treatments as those in OGD group except that the medium contained progesterone at concentration of 10 nmol/L. Cellular morphological changes were observed after OGD for 30 min. The cell viability was assessed by WST-8 assay. The degree of the cell damage was evaluated by determining lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. The expression of GLUT3 at mRNA and protein levels was examined by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: Progesterone attenuated the cellular swelling, decreased the leakage of LDH and improved the viability of PC12 cells injured by OGD (P<0.01). The expression of GLUT3 at mRNA and protein levels in PC12 cells in PROG+OGD group was significantly higher than that in OGD group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Progesterone has protective effect on in vitro cultured PC12 cells injured by OGD. The mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of GLUT3 protein.     

胆固醇转运蛋白NPC1L1的研究进展

NPC1L1是近年来人们研究高脂血症的重点内容,该蛋白已被证实在胆固醇的肠道吸收和胆汁分泌中发挥了关键作用。NPC1L1调节体内胆固醇的生物合成,是维持生物体胆固醇动态平衡的重要因素,同时也是新型降脂药物依泽替米贝的作用靶点。     

5种牧草中铅、铬、锌、铜、铁、锰重金属污染的分析

 论文测定了陕西关中地区塿土紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa- Linn.）、白三叶(Trifolium repens- Linn.)、菊苣(Cichorium endivia- Linn.)、大麦(Hordeum vulgare Linn.)和无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis-Leyss.)地上部与根部铅、铬、锌、铜、铁、锰5种重金属元素的含量,评价了参试牧草对各种重金属的转运能力和饲草的安全性。结果表明：（1）5种牧草根部对所测六种重金属元素的吸收转运能力不同,对铅、铁、锰、锌、铜、铬的吸收能力有禾本科强于豆科的趋势;（2）白三叶对于铁,铜和菊苣对于猛、锌、铜的转运系数大于1,分别为1.70、2.55、1.57,属富积型植物;（3）菊苣的铅含量与种牧草的铬含量均已超过饲料标准;菊苣和大麦作为人类的蔬菜和粮食均已超过相应标准,但作为饲料基本接近相应标准。     

小肽的吸收与转运及其营养作用

随着动物营养学研究的发展,蛋白质营养的研究也在逐步深入,由原来的粗蛋白营养发展到氨基酸营养,进一步发展到现在的小肽营养。本文就小肽的吸收、转运、营养及其在动物生产中的应用,以及目前小肽研究领域中存在的问题等方面进行阐述。     

Coarse bed material patch evolution in low-order,ephemeral channels

In river channel beds composed of a wide range of grain sizes, the bed material is often arranged in discrete patches discernable by relative texture. These bed material patches are the primary source of entrainable coarse sediment within the channel system and their composition and size have been found to influence the composition and rate of sediment transport. Twelve coarse (gravel–cobble) sediment patches distributed throughout the channel network within a 4.53 ha watershed in southeastern Arizona were monitored for 2 years. Changes in patch area and grain size were measured and painted patch grains were monitored to confirm that patch grains were mobilized during flow. Individual coarse bed material patches exhibited variable persistence during flows with return frequencies ranging from approximately 1 year to 4.6 years. While no patch fully dispersed during the study period, two new patches formed. Most coarse patches remained relatively stable in area and grain-size distribution despite the entrainment of patch grains as lost grains were sufficiently replaced with sediment from upstream. Because of the grain replacement process and the effect of other sediment supply dynamics, the changes in patch area and grain-size distribution display a complex relationship with the magnitude of predicted grain mobilization within each patch. Results indicate that relative stability varies from patch to patch, influenced by the balance of patch grains transported out of the patch and the deposition of new grains into the patch. Predictive models of coarse sediment transport and yield that assume the channel bed is a fixed source of sediment supply may not adequately capture the sediment dynamics within patchy channel beds and should be used with caution when applied to these environments due to the possibility of patch instability as documented in this study.     

高等植物对钠离子的吸收、运输和累积

综述了植物对钠离子吸收、运输和累积等方面的最新研究进展。植物根系吸收钠离子的途径可能有三条,包括2条跨膜途径(钙敏感和非钙敏感两部分)和支流途径等。根系对钠离子的吸收可能是被动的,但排泄是主动的。木质部的装载可能是主动的,也可能是被动的。木质部的卸载过程还不清楚,可能是通过非选择性阳离子通道,或K /Na ,Na /H 反向运输体完成。Na 在植物体内运输需要特殊部位特殊细胞类型以协同方式运作。为了减少Na 通过木质部的质外体部分向地上部输送,根系靠外的部分细胞要减少流入,而内层细胞应该加大流入。我们需要了解更多的特殊细胞运输过程,和特殊细胞的载体及信号操作过程的知识。     

运输应激对AA肉鸡组织结构的影响

集约化养殖的畜禽进出养殖场和屠宰前都必须经过运输,运输过程中由于捕捉、挤压、断水、断食、噪音及过度疲劳等原因所造成的运输应激会导致动物的生理、心理状态和代谢过程发生相应地变化,严重时甚至会死亡,给畜牧业生产带来巨大损失。本试验利用组织学及病理学方法研究了不同的运输时间对AA肉鸡不同组织造成的影响。选取生长状况相似健康的7周龄AA肉鸡40只,随机分成4组,每组10只,分别运输2h、3h、4h和5h,结束后立即剖杀,取心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胸腺等不同组织置于10%甲醛中,H-E染色光学显微镜下观察并拍照。结果表明:运输应激初期(2h)多数组织出现毛细血管扩张充血、细胞肿胀等急性病理性变化。运输3h到4h各组织的病理改变与初期相似但有所加重,运输5h心脏出现了心肌纤维的断裂,胸腺、脾、肾出现了功能衰竭等现象。由此可见,运输应激可导致组织细胞应激性损伤,并且组织损伤的程度随着运输时间的延长而有所波动。