甜菜子叶期幼苗硝态氮吸收特性及其与硝酸还原酶活性的关系

６个有代表性的甜菜品种在人工气候室的营养液培养试验表明，甜菜子叶期幼苗对ＮＯ３＾－的吸收要经最初２ｈ的适应阶段后才可均匀进行。均匀吸收后，观察到多倍体的吸收量〉２倍体，倍性相同品种中Ｅ型〉ＮＥ型〉ＮＺ型〉Ｚ型的初步结果。不同类型品种间ＮＯ３＾－吸收的表观米氏常数（Ｋｍ，ａｐｐ）、最大吸收速率（Ｉｍ）有明显差异，除多倍体ＮＺ型品种甜研３０１的Ｋｍ，ａｐｐ较低而Ｉｍ较高外，其余品种的Ｋｍ，ａｐｐ和Ｉｍ     

Transport of subarctic large copepods from the Oyashio area to the mixed water region by the coastal Oyashio intrusion

The lateral transport of organic carbon in large grazing copepods ( Neocalanus cristatus, Neocalanus flemingeri, Neocalanus plumchrus and Eucalanus bungii ) from the Oyashio area to the mixed water region (MWR) by the coastal Oyashio intrusion was estimated using the data of VMPS (vertical multiple plankton sampler) and 1500 dbar-referred geostrophic transport from the CTD (conductivity temperature depth sensor) data of five cruises during June 2001 to April 2002 on a repeat observation section OICE (Oyashio Intensive observation line off Cape Erimo), which extends southeastward from Hokkaido Island, Japan. The transport to MWR by the coastal Oyashio intrusion was estimated to be 5.3 × 10¹¹ g C for the four species. Data from profiling floats also indicated that the copepods were advected from OICE to MWR by the coastal Oyashio intrusion within about 2 months. This transport is considered to be one of the significant sources of organic carbon in MWR as it is larger than the amount of large zooplankton consumed by Pacific saury ( Cololabis saira ) in MWR, one of the dominant copepod predators in this region.     

三种生长调节剂对金边虎尾兰、月季与天竺葵扦插生根的影响

以金边虎尾兰、月季与天竺葵为试材,研究不同生长调节剂及其浓度对3种园林植物扦插生根的影响。结果表明:金边虎尾兰叶基段以100mg/L浓度的IBA或NAA扦插效果较好,叶尖段以IBA 100～200mg/L或NAA 200mg/L扦插效果较好,生根率均达到100%;100～200mg/L浓度的IBA与100mg/L浓度的NAA对月季茎插生根效果较好,生根率达75.6%～77.8%;天竺葵茎插各处理的生根率均达到100%,但从平均生根数上比较,100mg/L NAA或25mg/L IBA对其扦插生根效果最佳,25～300mg/L的IAA对其生根数有抑制作用。     

强闪光抑制棉花叶片光系统Ⅱ活性和热耗散

除持续强光导致光合作用效率降低外,强闪光也能够影响光合功能,但规律和机制尚不清楚。为研究强闪光对喜光植物棉花叶片光合功能的影响,选用陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)品种新陆早45号为材料,于强闪光处理(20,000μmol m–2 s–1, 300 ms,间隔10 s,处理时间持续30 min)前后分别测定叶绿素荧光、P700和气体交换。结果表明,强闪光处理后不仅有活性的PSI (光系统I)反应中心含量下降,同时PSⅡ (光系统Ⅱ)电子传递活性也受到限制。与对照相比,强闪光处理后PSI的ΦND (PSI供体侧限制引起的非光化学量子产量)下降,ΦNA (PSI受体侧限制引起的非光化学量子产量)增加,暗示强闪光能够抑制PSI受体侧电子传递活性。强闪光处理不仅使PSⅡ的实际量子产量明显下降,而且非光化学猝灭和ΦNPQ (PSⅡ调节性能量耗散的量子产量)也降低;但是,ΦNO (PSⅡ非调节性能量耗散的量子产量)明显增加,表明强闪光导致热耗散降低和PSⅡ失活。此外,强闪光处理后光合速率和气孔导度均降低,但细胞间隙CO2浓度增加,证明强闪光处理后同化能力的降低不是气孔限制导致的。因此,本研究认为强闪光处理不仅抑制PSI活性,而且导致PSⅡ失活和可调节性热耗散下降;光合电子传递活性的下降可能是强闪光下光合速率降低的重要原因。     

N-[5-(1-邻氯苯氧乙基)-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基]-N''- 芳氧乙酰基硫脲的合成与生物活性

为了寻找新的高生物活性农药,通过2-氨基-5-(1-邻氯苯氧乙基)-1,3,4-噻二唑与芳氧乙酰基异硫氰酸酯反应,合成了9个新的芳氧乙酰基硫脲,初步的生物活性测定结果表明,部分目标化合物具有良好的植物生长调节活性,其中2c、2d具有较好的生长素活性,其生长促进率分别为26.9%和27.2%.     

土壤溶质运移特性研究进展

可溶性化学物质(土壤溶质)在土壤中的运移和分布已成为近年来研究的热点。本文综述了近年来土壤溶质运移机理、吸附模型、溶质运移数学模型等方面的研究进展。     

阿特拉津在饱和砂质壤土中非平衡运移的模拟

针对农药阿特拉津在稳定流场饱和砂质壤土中的运移 ,根据平衡与非平衡假设条件下对流—弥散方程数学模型的解析解 ,基于易混合置换实验获得的阿特拉津和示踪溶质Br- 的穿透曲线及批量平衡法求得的阻滞因子 ,应用CXTFIT 2 0软件 ,通过拟合土柱实验中溶质的出流浓度变化 ,估算了模型的有关参数 ,在此基础上模拟分析了实验土柱不同埋深处阿特拉津的出流浓度和累积淋溶量动态 ,结果表明 ,化学非平衡的两点模型对本文实验条件下阿特拉津运移的仿真具有较高的精度     

溶质施加方式对土壤溶质迁移的影响

通过室内均质土柱试验 ,对不同灌水处理土壤中表施和灌施溶质的迁移规律进行了研究。结果表明 ,溶质施加方式和灌水频率对溶质迁移影响较大。次灌水量较大时 ,表施和灌施条件下溶质分布差异显著 ;当次灌水量很小且灌水非常频繁时 (如 6mm/ d) ,表施和灌施土壤中溶质 (NO- 3)分布差异不大。     

Comparative Study of Nutrient Deficiencies on Growth and Photochemistry of Tobacco

Abstract

Element deficiencies, such as molybdenum (Mo), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), lead to disturbances of morphological and physiological processes of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). On exposure to nutrient solution without Mo, leaf morphology was significantly affected, whereas photosynthetic processes conserved their normal activities. The decreased Mo, Fe, and Ca concentrations in tobacco were associated with loss of pigments and photosynthetic disturbances. In Ca‐deficient plants a reduction in the rate constant of energy trapping by PSII centers and a physical dissociation of LHC from PSII core, were observed. The poisonous action of Fe and Ca deficiencies focused mainly in the decreased proportion of active chlorophyll associated with the reaction center (RC) of PSII (decreased F _v /F ₀) and in the declined total number of electrons that have gone through the RCs (decreased Area/F _m  ? F ₀). In parallel, the non‐photochemical quenching coefficient was significantly enhanced in Fe and Ca‐deficient plants, but remained unchanged in Mo‐deficient plants. It is obvious that nutrient deficiency may trigger some protective mechanisms in order to PSII could maintain its activity under that type of stress.     

YL2208CW型农用运输车主传动比的模糊优化

作者在建立Ｙ１２２０８ＣＷ型农用运输车动力性与燃油经济性模拟计算方法的基础上，应用模糊数学方法优化农用运输车的主传动器速比，获得了最佳燃油经济性。