Multivariate analysis between meteorological factor and fruit quality of Fuji apple at different locations in China

China has the largest apple planting area and total yield in the world, and the Fuji apple is the major cultivar, accounting for more than 70% of apple planting acreage in China. Apple qualities are affected by meteorological conditions, soil types, nutrient content of soil, and management practices. Meteorological factors, such as light, temperature and moisture are key environmental conditions affecting apple quality that are difficult to regulate and control. This study was performed to determine the effect of meteorological factors on the qualities of Fuji apple and to provide evidence for a reasonable regional layout and planting of Fuji apple in China. Fruit samples of Fuji apple and meteorological data were investigated from 153 commercial Fuji apple orchards located in 51 counties of 11 regions in China from 2010 to 2011. Partial least-squares regression and linear programming were used to analyze the effect model and impact weight of meteorological factors on fruit quality, to determine the major meteorological factors influencing fruit quality attributes, and to establish a regression equation to optimize meteorological factors for high-quality Fuji apples. Results showed relationships between fruit quality attributes and meteorological factors among the various apple producing counties in China. The mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures from April to October had the highest positive effects on fruit qualities in model effect loadings and weights, followed by the mean annual temperature and the sunshine percentage, the temperature difference between day and night, and the total precipitation for the same period. In contrast, annual total precipitation and relative humidity from April to October had negative effects on fruit quality. The meteorological factors exhibited distinct effects on the different fruit quality attributes. Soluble solid content was affected from the high to the low row preface by annual total precipitation, the minimum temperature from April to October, the mean temperature from April to October, the temperature difference between day and night, and the mean annual temperature. The regression equation showed that the optimum meteorological factors on fruit quality were the mean annual temperature of 5.5–18°C and the annual total precipitation of 602–1 121 mm for the whole year, and the mean temperature of 13.3–19.6°C, the minimum temperature of 7.8–18.5°C, the maximum temperature of 19.5°C, the temperature difference of 13.7°C between day and night, the total precipitation of 227 mm, the relative humidity of 57.5–84.0%, and the sunshine percentage of 36.5–70.0% during the growing period(from April to October).     

蝗虫对蓝波谱不同偏光属性刺激效应的视偏响应效应测定

为明确蝗虫对蓝光视励光质及其偏光的视敏响应差异性,获得蝗虫视敏激励性光电诱导信息及蝗虫诱导光源设计参数,针对蝗虫群体对蓝光及其偏光不同光质刺激属性的视响应效应测试试验,确定了蝗虫视敏视励响应良好的光特征和光信息强化措施。结果表明:线偏蓝光照中,线偏光起偏效应决定蝗虫视响应程度的矢敏性、线偏光照度制约蝗虫的视趋强度及视聚集效果,且较弱光照中偏振片线偏光质的视激性较优,而退偏蓝光照中,蓝光光照强度决定蝗虫视趋强度的视励性及视聚集的视敏性,且偏振度及E-矢量光照度呈现强化或抑制蝗虫偏光敏感响应的交互作用效应;线偏及退偏光照度增强,抑制蝗虫对较强光照退偏光的视聚集效应并呈现偏光E-矢量的矢敏响应差异,且弱光照线偏光及退偏0°矢量的视响应程度较优,采取竖条纹与偏光耦合强化偏光激励信息、降低偏光光照度优化视敏视励信息,相对于100 lx偏光,引起视敏性矢量发生变化且其120°矢量敏感性较强,但视趋强度及视聚集效果以10 lx时330°退偏光最优;蝗虫对退偏光的视趋强度及视聚集效果与偏振度及视励信息、偏光光照度分别呈正负相关性,且蝗虫对10 lx偏光的视响应效应呈现矢量变化的弦函响应变化规律,结果表明蝗虫在弱光照蓝偏光中具有E-矢量的偏敏响应模式及视偏响应最强矢量,则利用10 lx的30°及330°蓝偏光与100 lx时线偏蓝光或10 lx的0°蓝偏光耦合效应,可有效提高蝗虫视偏响应效果。     

基于粒子群优化算法的土壤养分管理分区

土壤养分管理分区的划分为变量施肥技术提供依据,是精准农业实施变量施肥管理的重要环节。在对7种土壤养分的空间变异特征和变异结构进行分析的基础上,以其中6种养分作为变量进行土壤养分管理分区的研究,最后用基于粒子群优化属性均值聚类来划分管理分区,并引入3种指标确定合理的分区数目。通过计算得出,试验区的合理分区数目为2个,对各管理分区实际采样点的土壤养分数据进行单因素方差分析,除速效磷外各土壤养分均在99%的置信水平上具有极显著差异,其中分区2土壤肥力水平较高,分区1较低。基于粒子群优化属性均值聚类算法可以很好地划分土壤养分管理分区,分区结果能够为精准农业变量施肥提供决策依据。     

宁夏空间规划试点中林地精细分类标准的构建

以宁夏承担中央部署的空间规划改革试点为契机,比较了宁夏自治区林业和国土部门在林地面积数量统计和空间矢量叠加上存在的差异,分析产生差异的具体原因。在此基础上,综合考虑林业和国土部门的林地分类体系和概念内涵,制定出满足各部门规划需求的国土空间规划林地地类标准,通过多重属性图斑的比对,在空间地域上形成界线清晰的、属性唯一的林地及其它地类,落实了林地在空间上的唯一属性,解决了多年来政府各部门地类不统一、事权界限不清、管理责任不明、规划不协调、项目落实难等诸多问题,对科学划定“三区三线”,实现国土空间用途管制、“一本规划”管控和“一张蓝图”具有现实意义。     

基于本体和多属性决策的排种器实例检索方法

为提高基于实例推理机械式大豆排种器数字化资源重用系统中实例检索效率和质量,研究排种器实例检索方法。针对排种器实例检索参数类别多、差异性大特点,采用基于本体知识表示方法,建立排种器领域本体概念树,确定排种器本体概念间关系,根据本体概念及其最近公共父节点在概念树中深度,计算本体概念语义相似度,缩小实例检索范围;将排种器属性划分为限定型、固定型、效益型和成本型,确定相似性度量函数;综合属性本身数据信息对决策影响,采用层次分析法和基于离差最大化多属性赋权法确定属性组合权重,提高实例检索效率和准确性。结合机械式大豆排种器设计案例,验证该方法可行性和有效性,为其他农业装备设计重用中实例检索提供借鉴。     

Determining field performance potential with the use of limiting environmental conditions

An operational assessment of stock quality, prior to field planting, usually includes measures of morphology and a test for root growth capacity (RGC) conducted under optimum conditions. When measured under optimum conditions and interpreted with regard to seedling phenology, performance attributes, such as RGC, provide valuable information about the functional integrity of stock at the time of measurement. However, reforestation sites are rarely associated with optimum growing conditions, and performance attributes measured under optimum conditions provide limited information about field performance potential. Due to these limitations, testing programs at the Forest Biotechnology Centre (BCRI) have used limiting environmental conditions to represent the planting site. This concept is based on the philosophy that tests under limiting environmental conditions will define seedling tolerance and/or resistance to conditions that prevail on the planting site, and hence, better forecast field performance potential. Evidence supporting this concept is presented in three case studies and other cited studies, where performance attributes were measured under a range of limiting environmental test conditions. A performance attribute response model is then presented to define the relationship between testing conditions and field performance potential forecasting. Applicability of this testing approach to operational reforestation programs is discussed.     

桐梓县林地质量等级评定与合理利用分析

根据桐梓县第四次森林资源规划设计调查成果数据库中各小班林地调查因子基础资料,按国家林业行业林地质量评定方法与标准,选择与林木生长质量紧密相关的自然属性因子和综合经营条件交通区位等作为评价因子,通过层次分析法,对林地质量进行科学评定分级,得出较为符合桐梓县林地质量实际情况的评定结果,并在此基础上提出各个林地质量等级范围内合理的森林经营利用方向和管理措施。     

雅砻江上游景观生态系统类型及特点

利用2002年ETM＋卫星遥感图片解译结果并结合实地调查,对雅砻江上游地区的景观生态系统类型及特点进行了研究。结果表明：结果表明：（1）本区的景观类型主要由自然景观和人工景观两大系统构成。前者稳定性较差而后者稳定性较好,处于相对稳定的状态。（2）该区景观生态系统多样性为：森林群落乔木层树种比较单一;灌丛群落类型多样,多样性较高;草句分布范围广,种类繁多,具有很高的多样性。（3）该区的景观斑块数量特征为：林地、草地、耕地、水域、城乡、村落用地、未利用地分别占总面积的19．B9％、66．50％、0．82％、0．37％、0．03％和12．40％。草地是该区整体景观的基质,对景观的影响最大,林地类型在整个景观中零散、破碎。（4）该区景观类型面积多样性指数为0．9137,类型周长多样性指数为1．0224,类型斑块数多样性指数为1．2556。表明流域景观类型面积分布最不均匀,相反,景观类型斑块数分布相对较均匀。     

紫石房蛤形态性状对体重的影响效果分析

选取73只紫石房蛤,测定其壳长、壳宽、壳高、活体重,计算相关系数,采用通径分析方法计算了以贝壳性状为自变量对活体重作依变量的通径系数、决定系数及相关指数,对各性状的影响大小进行剖分,明确影响紫石房蛤体重的主要外部形态性状。结果表明,所测各表型性状与体重之间的相关系数均达到显著水平（P<0.05）;壳高对体重的直接影响（0.589）最大,对体重的决定程度最高,是影响体重的主要因素;壳长和壳宽对体重的直接作用（0.139, 0.297）相对较小,主要是通过壳高的间接作用（0.4023,0.3787）影响体重。所选表型性状对体重的回归系数R2=0.828,表明所选性状是影响体重的主要性状。利用逐步回归分析方法建立以壳长、壳宽、壳高为自变量估计体重的多元回归方程为:y=-265.233+0.743x1+2.459x2+3.688x3。     

中华绒螯蟹2个幼蟹群体形态性状与体重的关系

对中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）2个幼蟹群体的头胸甲长（壳长）、头胸甲宽（壳宽）、第Ⅳ步足节长与体重性状进行了测定,通过简单相关分析、偏相关分析和回归分析,初步确定了与中华绒螯蟹幼蟹体重相关的外部形态性状,比较了2个群体头胸甲比例的差别,为中华绒螯蟹的选育提供理论依据和测度指标。结果表明,所测各表型性状与体重之间的相关系数均达到极显著水平（P〈0.01）;其中,人工苗壳长与体重的相关性最大,天然苗则是壳宽与体重的相关性最大;分别建立了以形态性状估计人工苗、天然苗群体体重的最优回归方程。从外形比例分析,天然苗的头胸甲近似方形,人工苗的头胸甲近似椭圆形。