普通小麦“宁7840×Clark”RIL群体抗条锈病QTL分析(英文)

为了解小麦条锈病抗病基因在染色体上的位置,对源自小麦杂交组合宁7840×Clark的重组自交系(RIL)群体进行了抗条锈病QTL分析。结果表明,在染色体1BS上检测到一个主效的QTL即QYr-hwwg-1B。该QTL由抗病亲本宁7840提供,位于SNP标记Xsnp3620和Xsnp5435之间,区间长度为2.5cM,可解释55.8%的表型变异。根据宁7840的小种抗性推测QYr-hwwg-1B可能是由来自1B/1R易位系的抗病基因Yr9引起的。抗性基因Yr9、Yr10、Yr15、Yr24、Yr26、YrH52和YrAlp均位于小麦1B染色体短臂的一端,形成一个抗条锈基因簇,并与SSR标记Xgwm11紧密连锁。另外,有56个SNP标记与该标记区间共分离,可以用于小麦抗条锈基因精细定位图谱的构建及分子标记辅助选择育种。     

hrpZ_(Psta)在转基因大豆中定量表达与疫霉根腐病和灰斑病抗性相关研究

以T5转hrpZPsta基因大豆JN29-705-15和JL30-187为材料,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术(Quantitative Real Time PCR,qRT-PCR)检测了目标基因在转基因大豆不同组织中的表达量,分别利用下胚轴侵染法和叶面喷施法鉴定疫霉根腐病抗性和灰斑病抗性,并分析目的基因表达量与疫霉根腐病和灰斑病抗性的相关性。结果表明:hrpZPsta基因在大豆的叶、茎、根、籽粒中均有表达,二个株系平均相对表达量分别为8.2/6.1、0.9/0.7、6.5/4.6和0.8/0.7;T5转hrpZPsta基因大豆抗疫霉根腐病和灰斑病能力与野生型相比均有所提高,JN29-705-15对疫霉根腐病抗性从感病提高到中抗,而JL30-187从中抗提高到抗病;hrpZPsta基因在叶中的表达量也与抗灰斑病能力呈正相关,与病情级别呈极显著负相关。试验结果初步证明了外源基因hrp ZPsta在大豆植株中的表达量与受体植株对疫霉根腐病和灰斑病抗性存在一定的相关性。     

武运粳7号超表达OsNRT1.2 后对硝酸盐的响应

 应用公开的植物基因组数据库和生物信息学分析确定了一个水稻低亲和硝酸盐运输蛋白候选基因OsNRT1.2。利用农杆菌介导Ubiquitin启动子过量表达OsNRT1.2,研究了该基因在武运粳7号中的获得性功能特征。OsNRT1.2的cDNA序列从KOME网站中获得,该序列全长为2178 bp,编码阅读框为1732 bp,编码533个氨基酸。采用半定量RT PCR技术分析,OsNRT1.2在武运粳7号中表达存在器官特异性,主要在根系表达,地上部分几乎不表达。通过将pUbi OsNRT1.2 在武运粳7号中转化,得到OsNRT1.2基因超量表达材料。0.2 mmol/L NO3-和5.0 mmol/L NO3-处理野生型（WT）和T2转基因植株OE1、OE2 和OE8  30 d,每10 d跟踪记录株高和根长。转基因植株（除OE8在5.0 mmol/L NO3-供氮水平外）与WT株高无明显差异,根长增加量显著降低。在0.2 mmol/L NO3-供氮水平下,转基因植株和WT地上部分和根系的全氮含量均无显著差异;在5.0 mmol/L NO3-供氮水平下,除OE1外,OE2和OE8地上部分全氮含量显著增加,3个转基因株系比WT根系全氮含量显著降低。在两个氮素水平处理条件下,转基因植株根冠比都显著降低;生物量比WT都增加,在0.2 mmol/L NO3-供氮水平下增加了9.4% ~ 31.1%,在5.0 mmol/L NO3-供氮水平下增加了12.5% ~ 43.8%。研究表明,OsNRT1.2基因在武运粳7号中可能参与了氮素从根系向地上部的转运,从而导致地上部生物量增加。     

转基因水稻恢复系及其F1代Bt蛋白的时空表达分析

本研究以抗虫水稻恢复系9311(Bt)及其杂交种F1(Bt)为研究材料,以非转基因的9311为阴性对照,利用ELISA方法研究9311(Bt)及F1(Bt)各生育时期可溶性总蛋白和Bt蛋白的时空变化规律,为转Bt基因抗虫水稻的安全监管提供科学依据。结果表明：外源基因的导入没有引起水稻组织中可溶性总蛋白含量的明显变化;9311(Bt)的Bt蛋白表达量在整个生长周期的各个部位均高于相应的F1(Bt)植株;同一植株不同组织器官中Bt蛋白表达量为：叶片跃胚乳跃颖壳及茎秆跃根;同一植株不同发育期叶片Bt蛋白的测定结果整体表现为：营养生长阶段跃生殖生长阶段跃成熟衰老阶段。研究结果为转Bt基因抗虫水稻适宜检测时期的选择提供了一定的参考。     

Survival of bacterial DNA and culturable bacteria in archived soils from the Rothamsted Broadbalk experiment

Dried soil samples from many sources have been stored in archives world-wide over the years, but there has been little research on their value for studying microbial populations. Samples collected since 1843 from the Broadbalk field experiment on crop nutrition at Rothamsted have been used to document changes in the structure and composition of soils as agricultural practices evolve, also offering an invaluable record of environmental changes from the pre- to post-industrial era in the UK. To date, the microbial communities of these soils have not been studied, in part due to the well-documented drop in bacterial culturability in dried soils. However, modern molecular methods based on PCR amplification of DNA extracted directly from soil do not require bacterial cells to be viable or intact and may allow investigations into the legacy of bacteria that were present at the time of sample collection.

In a preliminary study, to establish if dried soils can provide a historical record of bacterial communities, samples from the Broadbalk soil archive dating back to 1868 were investigated and plots treated with either farmyard manure (FYM) or inorganic fertilizer (NPK) were compared. As anticipated, the processes of air-drying and milling greatly reduced bacterial viability whilst DNA yields declined less and may be preserved by desiccation. A higher proportion of culturable bacteria survived the archiving process in the FYM soil, possibly protected by the increased soil organic matter. The majority of surviving bacteria were firmicutes, whether collected in 2003 or in 1914, but a wide range of genera was detected in DNA extracted from the samples using PCR and DGGE of 16S rRNA genes. Analysis of DGGE band profiles indicated that the two plots maintained divergent populations. Sequence analysis of bands excised from DGGE gels, from a sample collected in 1914, revealed DNA from - and β-proteobacteria as well as firmicutes. PCR using primers specific for ammonia oxidizing bacteria showed similar band profiles across the two treatments in recently collected samples, however older samples from the NPK plot showed greater divergence. Primers specific for the genus Pseudomonas were designed and used in real-time quantitative PCR to indicate that archived soil collected in 1868 contained 10-fold less pseudomonad DNA than fresh soil, representing around 10⁵ genomes g⁻¹ soil. Prior to milling, dramatically less pseudomonad DNA was extracted from recently collected air-dried soil from the NPK compared to the FYM plot; otherwise, the two plots followed similar trends. Overall bacterial abundance, diversity and survival during the archiving process differed in the two soils, possibly due to differences in clay and soil organic matter content. Nevertheless, the results demonstrate that air-dried soils can protect microbial DNA for more than 150 years and offer an invaluable resource for future research.     

mRNA差异显示技术及其改进

分子生物学的首要任务之一就是比较不同细胞间或同一细胞不同时间与空间基因表达的差异。在多种基因检测技术中 ,mRNA差异显示技术作为研究细胞、组织在不同条件下 ,基因表达水平差异的重要手段 ,以不可替代的优势已被广泛用于生物学领域。该技术与传统的消减杂交等方法进行比较具有简便、快捷、灵敏、高效等优点 ,但也存在假阳性率高、易污染等缺点。为了克服以上缺点又不断涌现出一些改进技术。文章对该技术的原理、优势与不足及主要改进进行了综述     

水稻OsF-box基因表达的初步研究

为研究水稻中OsF-box基因的功能,构建了该基因的RNAi表达载体转化水稻日本晴,通过PCR、Southern-blot鉴定出阳性植株.与野生型植株相比,阳性植株抽穗期延迟,且在进入生殖生长期后出现很多高位分蘖.进一步克隆了OsF-box基因的启动子序列,构建与GUS报告基因融合表达载体转化水稻,染色结果表明,该基因在水稻茎秆和花药部位有明显的表达,而根和叶片中没有检测到明显的表达活性.     

水稻条纹病毒云南分离物CP基因克隆及序列比较分析

 对采自云南保山、楚雄、石林和宜良等4地的水稻条纹叶枯病感病稻株,提取病叶总RNA,经RT-PCR扩增,获得4个RSV云南分离物的CP基因片段。序列测定表明,该片段长999 bp,其中CP基因由969个核苷酸组成,编码322个氨基酸。与其它已报道的RSV分离物CP基因进行同源性比较,发现我国RSV分离物可以划分为2个不同的组,大部分RSV云南分离物为一组,其它的RSV 分离物为另一组。以RSV-CXi分离物的CP与纤细病毒属的其它5种病毒的CP进行氨基酸同源性比较,结果表明RSV与MStV亲缘关系最近,而与RGSV亲缘关系最远。     

棉纤维细胞初生发育过程中的基因表达

棉纤维细胞是由胚珠的部分表皮细胞经分化突起发育而成的,在整个生长发育过程中棉纤维细胞只生长不分裂,是一种很好的研究植物细胞生长发育机理的模式材料．近年来国内外不少研究者已经分离出一批对棉纤维初生生长发育有重要作用的功能基因,并阐明了这些基因的表达及调控特征．这些基因的分离和鉴定不仅有助于阐明植物细胞分化和伸长发育的分子机理,而且还可以促进棉纤维品质改良遗传工程的开展。     

太谷核不育小麦的研究和利用

太谷核不育小麦是我国在小麦中首次发现的显性基因型雄不育突变体，本文对太谷核不育小麦的不育性遗传分析，细胞学特征、败育过程中的生理生化变化及其在种质资源创新和小麦育种上的利用等方面进行了综述，并且在其研究和利用的前景进行了展望。