除草剂阿特拉津对大白鼠血清中雌二醇(E2)浓度的影响

SD大白鼠120只 ,随机分成4组 ,3个处理组 ,1个对照组 ,分别按每千克体重200mg,100mg,10mg,0mg阿特拉津灌胃 ,并于喂药15d和30d采样测定大白鼠血清中雌二醇的含量。结果表明 ,除草剂阿特拉津对雌性和雄性大白鼠血清中雌二醇的含量均有影响。阿特拉津对雄性大白鼠雌二醇的含量的影响出现较早 ,说明雄性动物对阿特拉津的作用较为敏感 ;阿特拉津可使雌性大白鼠血清中雌二醇含量增加 ,虽然这种现象出现较晚 ,但各组差异较大 ,尤其是对照组和剂量组之间 ,差异极显著(p<0.01)。血液中雌激素含量的变化直接影响到成鼠的生殖功能及雄鼠的性征变化。由此推测 ,体内因富集阿特拉津所导致血清中雌二醇浓度变化的大白鼠可能出现一定的生殖缺陷 ,以致影响到种族的繁衍。     

除草剂莠去津对环境的污染及治理

本文综述了除草剂莠去津的环境污染情况及其对水生生物、陆生动物和植物的影响,并提出了制定相关标准,合理施药,使用替代药剂,提高农民的施药技术水平和生物修复的治理措施,更好地发挥其在农业生产上的积极作用。     

莠去津对中华绒螯蟹蜕皮抑制激素表达的影响

用RT-PCR方法检测了中华绒螯蟹暴露于不同质量浓度[0(DMSO对照)、0.001、0.01、0.1、1、10 mg/L]莠去津后蜕皮抑制激素在眼柄视神经节中的表达。结果表明,低质量浓度的莠去津可诱导蜕皮抑制激素的合成分泌,其中0.1 mg/L处理组作用明显。莠去津对中华绒螯蟹的蜕皮活动有一定影响。     

敌草隆与莠去津复配对杂草的防除效应

用培养皿法和盆栽喷雾法分别测定了敌草隆与莠去津复配防除稗草、藜和狗尾草等田间杂草的联合作用效应,试验结果表明:敌草隆与莠去津复配对稗草芽长抑制率的联合作用为增效作用,对藜和狗尾草鲜重防效的联合作用也为增效作用.     

Inlfuence of Soil pH and Temperature on Atrazine Bioremediation

Present study was conducted to clarify soil pH and temperature influence on different atrazine bioremediation techniques. For this purpose, sodium citrate,Arthrobactorsp. strain DNS10, sawdust and animal manure were selected to clarify their atrazine remediation efficiency under pH 5, 7 and 9 and temperatures 20, 30 and 40℃, respectively. Results showed that atrazine remediation was generally optimized at pH 7 and 30℃ for all the treatments except sodium citrate as soil treated with sawdust was not temperature dependant, but at pH 5 remediation process was determined slower. Atrazine remediation in soil with no additional amendment was only 34%, while in soil treated with sawdust, DNS10, sodium citrate and animal manure were 75.17%, 89%, 74.17% and 76.83% at optimized pH and temperature. Overall atazine removal rate was significantly (≥0.01) higher with increasing in temperature at all the selected pH.     

Soil ciliate bioassay for the pore water habitat a missing link between microflora and earthworm testing in soil toxicity assessment

Background, Scope and Goal. The chemical, pesticide and biocide legislation of the European Union assembles a variety of bioassays. Among the ecotoxicological tests involved, the testing strategy for the aquatic compartment builds up on three tests reflecting the main trophic levels (algae,Daphnia, fish). For the soil compartment at least one trophic level for a basic food chain is missing, namely between microflora and earthworms. Protozoa are an ideal missing link as they were shown to be the most prominent faunal contributors to nutrient cycling in soil ecosystems and as they represent the lacking first level consumers as well as the highly diverse microfauna. As protozoa inhabit the soil pore water, they can serve as direct indicators for the solved and thus bioavailable portion of xenobiotics. In order to widen the spectrum of available toxicity tests for a meaningful effect assessment for the soil compartment, a test with the soil ciliateColpoda inflata (Ciliophora, Protozoa), introduced by Pratt et al. (1997), was improved.     

Persistence of herbicides in forest nursery soils

The persistence of the four herbicides atrazine, hexazinone, lenacil and linuron was studied in forest nursery soils. The adsorption capacities of the soils for the chemicals were described by the distribution coefficients kj and k_oc. Due to the low content of organic matter in the soils the k_a‐values were low, in several cases being <1 for hexazinone. Hexazinone also had the lowest k _oc‐value (30) while the other substances had k_oc ‐values within the range 200–400. In some cases hexazinone showed great mobility under field conditions. The formula c=c_o‐kt^1/2 was used to describe the disappearance of the herbicides from the various soils. The rate of degradation of the four herbicides correlated well with the rate of respiration in the same soils in laboratory experiments, and for linuron reasonably well also in field experiments. In the field experiments the herbicides penetrated the top soil layer. In the subsoil the risk of further transport downward to the drainage system or ground water increased, especially for hexazinone. Linuron as well as the fungicides maneb and tolylfluanid suppressed the decomposition rate of hexazinone in laboratory experiments.     

白马河流域除草剂及其代谢产物的时空分布特征与生态风险评价

[目的] 探讨典型除草剂阿特拉津（ATR）及其代谢产物脱乙基阿特拉津（DEA）、脱异丙基阿特拉津（DIA）在作物生长季（6—9月）的污染特征以及时空变化,为农业小流域除草剂的管理、使用与保护决策提供科学依据。[方法] 在白马河流域沿程设立18个采样点,基于实地监测和室内分析,探讨污染物的时空变化特征,并运用熵值法进行生态风险评价。[结果] ①所有采集水样中均有ATR及代谢产物检出,其中ATR在6—7月的地表水样中100%检出,8—9月检出率稍有下降,代谢产物DEA,DIA在前两月检出率较低,后两月检出率增加。②白马河污染物空间分布表明,各污染物浓度最高值大多出现于河流上游和中游,下游浓度均相对较低。这可能与河流下游河道宽阔、水流量大、稀释作用较强有关。③生态风险评价结果显示ATR,DEA和DIA风险等级均为中等,其原因是该河流的水负荷低,稀释能力不足。[结论] 相对于大流域,白马河作为典型农业流域的小支流,水量小、稀释能力不足,造成污染的生态风险高于许多大流域。     

气相色谱串联质谱法测定土壤中除草剂残留含量

以气相色谱串联质谱法（GC-MS/MS）多反应监测（MRM）方式进行定量和定性分析建立了土壤中除草剂莠去津、塞克津、2,4-D丁酯残留含量的联合测定方法。结果表明,本方法有效地降低了样品复杂基质带来的干扰,简化了分析步骤。采用外标法定量测得回收率为73%～104%,标准偏差为5.9%～11.5%,方法的回收率和线性关系结果令人满意,实验证明,该方法快速、准确、灵敏度高,适用于土壤中除草剂莠去津、塞克津、2,4-D丁酯残留含量的联合检测。     

异丙草胺·莠去津混配比例筛选及其悬乳剂的研究

氯代酰胺类与三氮苯类除草剂混配是减少后者对玉米田后茬作物药害的有效方法之一。选用异丙草胺和莠去津复配对玉米田主要杂草马唐Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.、大狗尾草Setaria faberii、马齿苋Portulaca oleracea等的室内防除效果配方筛选试验证明,异丙草胺∶莠去津质量比为18∶23(配方B)时其共毒系数大于100;对所选混配比例实验室配制悬乳剂的主要技术指标研究证明:配方B的主要技术指标如悬浮率、倾倒性、稳定性等均符合行业标准。