姜黄素对不同品种肉鸡体脂沉积的作用及机理研究

以AA肉鸡和皖江黄鸡（公鸡）为对象,探讨了日粮中添加150 mg/kg、250 mg/kg、350 mg/kg的姜黄素对其体脂沉积的影响及作用机理。结果显示,添加250 mg/kg、350 mg/kg姜黄素显著地降低了AA肉鸡和皖江黄鸡腹脂率（P〈0.05）、肝脂率（P〈0.05）,皮下脂肪厚度（P〈0.05）;腹脂中激素敏感脂酶活性增强（P〈0.05）,苹果酸脱氢酶活性降低（P〈0.05）;肝脏中PPARαmRNA水平呈增加的趋势（P〉0.05）,PPARγ和MDH mRNA水平呈降低的趋势（P〉0.05）。上述结果提示姜黄素可能通过调控PPARα、PPARγ、MDHmRNA表达来影响肉鸡脂肪的沉积。     

贵州白山羊和黔北麻羊TFAM 基因部分外显子多态性研究

利用黔北麻羊和贵州白山羊构建品种DNA池,设计1对引物分别扩增其TFAM基因第2外显子及第1内含子部分序列.PCR产物纯化后进行双向测序,DNAStar和BLAST分析确定多态性位点.利用生物信息学软件分析SNPs位点对TFAM基因RNA二级结构和TFAM蛋白二级、三级结构的影响.结果表明:在羊TFAM基因中筛选到5个SNPs:T 1005C、G1099C、A1130C、G1164C、T1287C,其中T1005C为同义突变,G1099C为错义突变,导致编码的甘氨酸(Gly)变为半胱氨酸(Cys);A1130C、G1164C、T1287C 3个突变位点均位于内含子区.SNPs位点对TFAM基因RNA二级结构和TFAM蛋白结构有一定影响.     

百里杜鹃国家森林公园盛花期游览路线选择

为探索贵州百里杜鹃国家森林公园盛花期游客游览路线选择及森林公园管理建设改善方案,选择杜鹃盛花期晴朗天,以普底景区8个游憩地为监测点,通过研究不同监测点大气颗粒物浓度、人体舒适度指标及美景度值等因子的变化,为游客、管理者提供参考。结果表明,8个监测点大气颗粒物日均浓度皆低于Ⅰ级标准,日变化规律均为上午高、中午低、傍晚略有回升;园内人体舒适指标总体较高,仅在7：00时,监测点S2、 S3和S8感觉不舒适,其余时段各监测点皆处于舒适或很舒适状态;美景度平均值从高到低的区域依次为杜鹃林林缘、空旷地、杜鹃林林内和无花针阔叶混交林,且因太阳高度角及光线强度变化,各监测点在不同时间段美景度有所不同。     

模拟氮沉降对水稻生长、产量及光合特性的影响

田间试验研究4种水平的模拟氮沉降(即N0、N1、N2、N3、N4,施氮量分别为0、3、6、12、24 g/(m2.a)对早稻品种"岳优463"不同生长发育阶段的影响。结果表明,氮沉降对水稻的生长、产量及光合作用有一定的促进作用。经高氮沉降(N4)处理,水稻株高、光合速率在分蘖期分别比对照(N0)增加了45.6%和49.5%,在乳熟期比对照增加了6.4%和28.9%。氮沉降对水稻叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素(a+b)含量均表现为促进作用。乳熟期N1、N2、N3、N4的叶绿素(a+b)比N0增加了34.9%、51.5%、111.3%和143.6%。中高氮处理(N3,N4)对水稻产量的促进作用较为显著,N1、N2、N3、N4的产量分别比N0增加了1.3%、6.2%、13.0%和42.6%。随施氮水平的增加,秕谷率也增加,而产量指数和籽粒大小呈下降趋势。     

大气CO2浓度升高对大型海藻孔石莼生长和色素含量的影响

在实验室模拟研究了大气CO2浓度升高对海洋中大型绿藻孔石莼Ulva pertusa的生长和色素含量的影响。设置4个独立试验,每个试验的CO2浓度分别为387、500、600、800 mg/L。每个试验设6个海水培养系统,其中3个通入一定浓度的CO2作为试验系统,另外3个通入大气作为对照系统。在每个海水培养系统中,分别装入25 L过滤海水(滤膜孔径为0.22μm),放入(50.0±1.0)g的孔石莼进行培养,试验进行7 d。结果表明:高浓度CO2对孔石莼生长无显著影响(P>0.05),但降低了孔石莼中叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素的含量;试验结束时,CO2浓度为387、500、600、800 mg/L时,试验系统中孔石莼的叶绿素a含量分别为(855.9±31.6)、(780.8±6.2)、(677.3±22.1)、(585.1±16.9)μg/g(鲜质量),分别为对照系统的98.3%、91.8%、78.4%和71.7%,试验系统中孔石莼的类胡萝卜素含量分别为(185.6±5.0)、(167.8±2.4)、(150.6±2.3)、(128.3±4.3)μg/g(鲜质量),分别为对照系统的97.7%、91.5%、80.4%和69.4%;而对照系统中试验开始时和试验结束时,孔石莼的叶绿素a含量和类胡萝卜素含量均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。     

子牙新河入海口区的淤积及冲刷对海管登陆点选择的影响

针对天津南港工业区兴建及渤西油气处理厂迁建项目新建海底管道路由及登陆点选择的需要,利用数值模型对大区域（整个渤海）开展水动力数值模拟,进而推求小区域（渤海湾）的边界潮位,对小区域开展水动力数值模拟,同时引入泥沙输运模型,对渤海湾的泥沙运动进行数值模拟,最终获得子牙新河入海口区域行洪条件下泥沙的冲刷、淤积规律。分析得出：海底管道在子牙新河入海口区域登陆是可行性的,但其路由及登陆点应远离冲刷深度大于1m的区域,基于此提出了两种推荐方案。（表1,图3,参5）     

大气干湿沉降向城市系统输入重金属元素通量特征研究——以沈阳市为例

[目的]探讨大气干湿沉降向城市系统输入重金属元素通量特征.[方法]根据沈阳市不同行政区采样点重金属元素沉降通量,分析沈阳市不同行政区重金属大气干湿沉降污染的空间分布特征.[结果]在不同的采样点,大气干湿沉降中元素的年沉降通量差异较大,但其在沈阳市不同行政区分布规律大致相同.Cd、Pb、Hg的年沉降通量在各地区的分布分别表现为：铁西区＞皇姑区＞沈河区＞和平区＞大东区＞东陵（浑南）区＞于洪区,铁西区＞沈河区＞皇姑区＞和平区＞东陵区＞于洪区＞大东区＞浑南区,铁西区＞沈河区＞皇姑区＞和平区＞大东（东陵）区＞于洪（浑南）区.大气降尘污染的空间分布与污染源地域分布具有一致性,即工业区＞商业区或交通区＞文化区＞居民区＞郊区.[结论]该研究为大气干湿沉降污染的控制与治理提供了理论参考.     

Effects of increasing amount of dietary Prosopis laevigata pods on performance,meat quality and fatty acid profile in growing lambs

A study with finishing lambs assessed the effect of dietary inclusion of Prosopis laevigata pods (PLPs) on performance, carcass characteristics, meat traits and fatty acid profile of subcutaneous fat. Twenty‐one Rambouillet lambs (27.0 ± 3.0 kg BW) were assigned to one of three experimental diets with 0, 150 and 300 g PLP/kg DM. Evaluation of growth performance lasted 49 days. The experimental design was completely randomized and analysed with a mixed model. Lambs fed diets with 0, 150 and 300 g PLP had similar growth performance. Lambs fed diets with 300 g PLP/kg DM had better (p < 0.05) carcass yield and classification, less (p < 0.05) fat deposition and lower lightness (L*) value (p < 0.05) in meat than lambs fed diets with 0 and 150 g PLP/kg DM. Saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic) decreased (p < 0.05) and unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic) increased (p < 0.05) in subcutaneous fat of lambs fed diets with 150 and 300 g pods as compared with lambs not fed PLP. Prosopis laevigata pods are a safe feedstuff that can replace a third of conventional ingredients and reduce feed costs in growing lambs. Addition of PLP reduced (p < 0.05) total feed cost by 21%.     

Abnormal ocular pigment deposition and glaucoma in the dog

The combined occurrence of ocular pigment deposition and glaucoma has been described in Cairn Terriers. Recently, this condition was also observed in two other breeds: the Boxer (two cases) and the Labrador Retriever (one case). Six dogs were referred to the Ophthalmology section of the Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals and to a private referral clinic because of glaucoma or blindness in one or both eyes. In five cases ophthalmic examination showed pigment depositions in the sclera around the entire circumference of the perilimbal zone. Eight enucleated eyes (four eyes of two Cairn Terriers, three eyes of two Boxers and one eye of a Labrador Retriever) were examined microscopically. All eyes showed the same findings: an extensive infiltration of large melanin-containing cells with an eccentric nucleus, located in the iris, ciliary body, retina, choroids and sclera. Transmission electron microscopy of two of the examined eyes revealed that the morphology of most of these cells was consistent with melanophages. While reports in the veterinary literature concerning this condition are limited the cells concerned have been described to be melanocytes. Further research is needed to conclusively identify the cell type. As described in the present report, the histologic and transmission electron microscopic findings suggest a different etiology of the ocular pigment deposition and glaucoma compared with the pigment dispersal syndrome in humans.