Sensitivity of Corn, Oats, Peanuts, Rice, Rye, Sorghum, Soybean and Tobacco to UV-B Radiation under Growth Chamber Conditions

Sensitivity of different agronomic crops to UV-B radiation was studied under environmentally controlled conditions. UV-B radiation reduced plant height, fresh weight, dry weight and ash contents. The reduction varied among the different species tested. Narrow-leaved plants (mainly C₄) were less sensitive to UV-B than broad-leaved plants (mainly C₃).     

Growth response of cabbage plants to lithium,sodium, and rubidium under water culture conditions

Cabbage (B. oleracea L. var. capitata L.) plants wore grown for 79 days in cuture solutions obtaining 4 levels of lithium, 0, 0.1, 1. 10 mel) sodium (0, 0.2. 2, 20, or rubidium , 0, 0.05, 0.5) combined with a low or high supply of potassium(0.2 or 2 mcf/l, and the effects of the cations supplied on the growth and ration composition of the plants were studied.

The total dry weight of the plants decreased at higher levels of the cations, especially Li in the culture solution, concurrent with an increaie in the contents of each cation in the plants. The decrease in the dry weight at higher levels was smaller in the high K supply, than in the low supply, causing a decrease in the contents of the cations. The critical contents of Li, Na, and which resulted in a 50° decrease in the dry weight or inner leaves due to excess injury were estimated to be about 0.07, 2.5, and 3.0% on a dry basis in the outer leaves and 0.05, 2.0, and 3.0% in the roots, respectively, regardless of the K supply.     

Experiment and analysis of an atmospheric DC glow discharge device

In order to reduce the volume and be used in portable instruments, a line-cylinder atmospheric glow discharge device with a 1.92 mm discharge gap is designed. It mainly consists of an inner line electrode and an outer cylinder electrode. The diameters of the line and cylinder electrodes are 0.16 and 4 mm, respectively. The transition from corona discharge to glow discharge is observed and explained. By using discharge waveform and photo, it has been verified that it is a glow discharge. The calculation methods of vibrational temperature and rotational temperature are deduced by use of the N2 second positive band system. The emission spectrum of the plasma is collected by spectrometer (Acton Spectrapro 2500i). From calculation, it is found that the vibrational temperature of the plasma is about 2 360 K and the rotational temperature of the plasma is about 830 K. The device is used as an ion source in the ambient mass spectrometer. The experiment results show that the plasma generated by DC glow discharge can well ionize the formic acid, acetic acid, and phenol, etc.     

郑州城市绿地净化大气经济价值分析

根据郑州城市绿地统计与观测数据,计算城市绿地的净化大气的物质量,用替代价格法对城市绿地净化大气的经济价值进行了评估,郑州城市绿地净化大气的总价值为238．09万元。     

季节性积雪环境雪/气间汞通量特征初步研究

研究区域内冬季存有5个月以上稳定性季节积雪,为研究积雪地表状况下雪/气间汞交换通量特征,设置了平地农田和坡地农田2类共4处采样点,于2011年12月和2012年3月,使用动态通量箱法(dynamic flux chamber,DFC)与汞分析仪(LUMEXZeeman RA915+)联用技术测定了各样点雪/气间汞交换通量,并同步测定太阳辐射、气温和气湿等气象因子,分析了雪/气间汞通量变化特征及其与气象因子等因素间的关系.结果表明:季节性积雪稳定存在时,雪/气间汞通量表现为明显的由大气指向雪面的沉降特征过程.季节性积雪趋于消融时,雪/气间汞通量表现为沉降与释放交替出现,总通量水平比积雪期降低一个数量级.雪/气间汞通量与大气汞浓度存在明显的负线性相关关系,与太阳辐射强度间有明显的正线性相关性,与气温和气湿间无线性相关性.     

自控施药常温烟雾机的研制

针对国内外常温烟雾机结构笨重、价格高、机具利用率低及扬程短等缺点,研制出自控施药常温烟雾机.分析了其机具结构、喷嘴结构与雾化原理、及其控制系统等.该机集电机、风机、喷头体一体化,集吸气机、喷嘴于一体,结构紧凑;成本仅为国外同类产品的1/20-1/10;可双向反复喷雾,扬程可达20-100 m;自控喷药,减轻了劳动强度,避免药液对人身危害等特点;且有病害虫防治、消毒等功能,有广泛应用前景.     

稻田甲烷排放量的估算方法

本文讨论了有机质、气温、田间管理等因素对稻田甲烷排放量的影响,并根据物质平衡原理提出稻田甲烷排放量的估算公式.     

Suitability of Stem Diameter Variations as an Indicator of Water Stress of Cotton

Water stress effects on stem diameter variations （SDV） were studied in a pot experiment on cotton （Gossypium hirustum L. Meimian99B）. Water restriction was imposed at the flowering stage and were compared with a well-watered control treatment. The volumetric soil water content （0v） and SDV were monitored continuously. The objective was to determine the feasibility of using the parameters derived from stem diameter measurements, including maximum daily stem shrinkage （MDS）, maximum daily stem diameter （MXSD）, and minimum daily stem diameter （MNSD） as indicators of plant water stress. The different behavior of SDV was founded at different growth stages. At stem-maturing stage, MDS increased and MNSD decreased in deficit-irrigated plants compared with the control plants, therefore, it appeared that MDS and MNSD ccould be used as available indicators of plant water status. At stem growth stage, there were no significant differences in MDS values between treatments but MXSD and MNSD responded sharply to soil water deficits. Thus, for rapidly growing cotton, the course of MXSD or MNSD with time offered a consistent stress indicator. SDV was also closely related to atmospheric factors, solar radiation （Rs） and vapor pressure deficit （VPD） were found to be the predominant factors affecting MDS, followed by the relative humidity （RH）, while air temperature （Ta） and wind velocity had the least effect. A good linear relationship was founded （r^2 = 0.921） between MDS and environmental variables （Rs, VPD, RH, and θv）, which can be used to establish a reference value for detecting plant water stress based on the MDS patterns.     

即食海蜇皮气调包装技术和设备

本文为研究气调包装食品研制气体混合装置和塑料薄膜透气性测定仪．气体混合装置通过控制气体组分的分压使2或3种气体以一定的体积比例混合，并与普通真空包装机组成气调包装设备。透气性测定仪可测试塑料包装材料对各种气体的透气性，为气调包装合理选择包装材料．在即食海蜇皮气调包装试验中，将海蜇皮装入3种塑料薄膜制的包装袋并充入不同配气比例的CO2与N2组成混合气体，包装袋封口后贮藏于不同温度，得出影响保质期的因素．实验结果表明，在原料的原始菌数较低、CO2与N2的配气比例合理和包装材料透气性较低的情况下，即食海蜇皮气调包装可在常温贮藏下获得较长的保质期。