滩羊毛色的全基因组关联分析

滩羊不仅肉质鲜美,其所产的二毛裘皮在国内外也享有盛誉,毛色是滩羊重要的经济性状。为检测影响滩羊毛色的基因组区域,利用美国Affymetrix绵羊600K基因分型芯片对宁夏盐池地区具有代表性毛色的96只滩羊个体(全白、白毛黑头、白毛褐或黄头)进行基因分型,并采用Logistic回归方法进行全基因组关联分析。通过Bonferroni校正,检测到5个与毛色显著关联的SNPs。这些SNPs分别位于或邻近2个已知基因(MC1R和TCF25)。其中MC1R基因参与调控黑色素的合成,研究表明其与绵羊毛色相关。而TCF25基因与MC1R基因距离很近,可能由于存在一定程度的连锁不平衡而被鉴定到。本研究进一步解析了滩羊毛色性状的遗传机理,为滩羊毛色性状的标记辅助选育提供科学依据。     

基于侯选基因标记的四倍体马铃薯休眠QTL关联分析

休眠期是马铃薯(SolanumtuberosumL.)重要的块茎性状之一,寻找调控马铃薯块茎休眠的关键基因,揭示其分子机制以选育具有适宜休眠期长度的马铃薯品种,对于解决当前马铃薯产业中过长或过短休眠期带来的经济损失和食品安全隐患等问题十分关键。前期研究在二倍体马铃薯连锁群体中定位了6个加性休眠QTL,本研究拟在四倍体马铃薯育种材料中验证这些休眠QTL。基于休眠QTL连锁的候选基因标记,采用混合线性模型(MLM),模型中考虑群体结构和亲缘关系(Q+K),在四倍体马铃薯自然群体St-hzau中对马铃薯块茎休眠期进行了关联分析。5号染色体上休眠QTL DorB5.3连锁的候选基因标记S199_300和GWD (根据葡聚糖水双激酶α-glucan water dikinase基因设计)与马铃薯块茎休眠期具有显著的关联(P0.05),分别解释了休眠期表型变异的7.8%和3.2%,分别能增加休眠期7.1 d和4.5 d,即在二倍体马铃薯连锁群体中定位的稳定主效休眠QTL DorB5.3在四倍体马铃薯关联群体St-hzau中也表现显著, DorB5.3的稳定性在关联分析结果中得到了验证,表明候选基因标记策略在马铃薯块茎休眠QTL关联分析中是一种有效的策略。本研究所验证的主效休眠QTL DorB5.3及相应连锁标记可以直接用于马铃薯休眠育种。据此可以推测GWD可能在控制还原糖含量和块茎休眠2个方面均发挥作用,马铃薯块茎休眠机制与还原糖含量变化机制可能存在着部分交叉。     

玉米叶片表皮蜡质相关性状的全基因组关联分析

为发掘玉米叶片表皮蜡质合成与调控相关基因,以218份由温带、亚热带和热带自交系组成的关联群体为材料,在原阳对其3个生物学重复叶片表皮挂水能力进行调查,利用1.25 M覆盖玉米全基因组的SNPs进行Q、K和Q+K这3种模型下的全基因组关联分析。结果表明,Q模型较K模型和Q+K模型能更好地评价叶片表皮的挂水能力。Q模型下,共检测到88个覆盖玉米9条染色体的显著SNPs（P ≤ 2.04E-6）,88个SNPs分布于47个QTLs内,单个QTL可解释13.6%~45.6%的叶片挂水能力表型变异,47个QTL内共有97个候选基因,其中,77个具有功能注释。位于第2染色体上的转录因子NAC77（GRMZM2G018436）和第3条染色体上的亚油酸酯氧合酶（GRMZM2G156861）编码基因,是叶片表皮蜡质性状的重要候选基因。     

Genome-wide association study for spot blotch resistance in Afghan wheat germplasm

Spot blotch (SB), caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, is a devastating disease of wheat globally, especially in South Asia and South America. Understanding the genetics of resistance to SB is important for developing breeding strategies to improve resistance. A panel of 301 genotypes from Afghanistan was phenotyped over two crop seasons using a mixture of virulent B. sorokiniana isolates and genotyped using DArTSeq to obtain genome-wide markers. Fifty genotypes (16.6%) showed disease scores less than the resistant control. Principal component analysis using the genotypic data clustered the genotypes into five different groups. Among models used for genome-wide association mapping, the multilocus mixed model, and fixed and random model circulating probability unification algorithms were most effective in identifying significant marker-trait associations (MTA). Twenty-five MTAs at p ≤ .001 were identified on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 4A, 5A, 5B, 6A, 7A, and 7D, indicating the quantitative nature of resistance to SB. Phenotypic variation explained by these markers ranged from 2.0% to 17.7%, and genomic regions on the chromosomes 1D, 2D, 3A, 3B, 4A, 5A, and 5B coincided with loci identified in previous studies. Three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers on chromosomes 1B (SNP 1113207) and 5A (SNPs 5411867 and 998276) were significant in both crop seasons as well as in the combined analysis across seasons. Marker 5411867 is close to Vrn-A1, shown to be associated with SB in previous studies. Furthermore, among known SB resistance genes, Sb2 on chromosome 5B was predicted to be significant in this panel.     

山西小麦育成品种农艺性状演变趋势及关联分析

为了解山西省小麦种质资源的产量和农艺性状特征,以山西省建国以来审定品种为材料,在系统获得抽穗期、小穗数、千粒重、穗粒数、株高、穗长、穗颈长、穗下节间、沟数、分蘖、旗叶面积、旗叶长、旗叶宽等17个农艺性状表型数据基础上,进行农艺性状演变趋势及关联分析。结果表明,在育种过程中不同性状的变异程度不同,其中穗颈长的变异系数最高,小穗数的变异系数最低;随着品种选育时间变化,农艺性状也随之发生变化。株型方面,平均株高由110～120 cm降低到75～90 cm,整体株型得到明显改进,由高秆披叶变为矮杆直叶,受光状态显著改善;产量性状方面,分蘖数趋于稳定,千粒重、穗粒数和小穗数不断提高;小穗数和穗粒数与千粒重相关性未达到显著水平,穗粒数与小穗数呈显著正相关,说明在山西省小麦发展历程中小穗数和穗粒数有协同提高趋势。关联分析发现33个SSR标记与农艺性状显著关联,单个标记对表型变异的解释率为5.6%～25.3%,这些标记可为分子标记辅助育种提供理论参考。     

Identification of SNPs and expression patterns of FZD3 gene and its effect on wool traits in Chinese Merino sheep(Xinjiang Type)

As a member of the Frizzled family, Frizzled3(FZD3) is a receptor of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and plays a vital role in mammalian hair follicle developmental processes. However, its effects on wool traits are not clear. The objectives of this study were to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) and the expression patterns of FZD3 gene, and then to determine whether it affected wool traits of Chinese Merino sheep(Xinjiang Type) or not. PCR-single stranded conformational polymorphism(PCR-SSCP) and sequencing were used to identify mutation loci, and general linear model(GLM) with SAS 9.1 was used for the association analysis between wool traits and SNPs. Quantitative real-time PCR(q RTPCR) was used to investigate FZD3 gene expression levels. The results showed that six exons of FZD3 gene were amplified and two mutation loci were identified in exon 1(NC_019459.2: g.101771685 TC(SNP1)) and exon 3(NC_019459.2: g.101810848, AC(SNP2)), respectively. Association analysis showed that SNP1 was significantly associated with mean fiber diameter(MFD)(P=0.04) and live weight(LW)(P=0.0004), SNP2 was significantly associated with greasy fleece weight(GFW)(P=0.04). The expression level of FZD3 gene in skin tissues of the superfine wool(SF) group was significantly lower(P0.05) than that of the fine wool(F) group. Moreover, it had a higher expression level(P0.01) in skin tissues than in other tissues of Chinese Merino ewes. While, its expression level had a fluctuant expression in skin tissues at different developmental stages of embryos and born lambs, with the highest expression levels(P0.01) at the 65 th day of embryos. Our study revealed the genetic relationship between FZD3 variants and wool traits and two identified SNPs might serve as potential and valuable genetic markers for sheep breeding and lay a molecular genetic foundation for sheep markerassisted selection(MAS).     

毛红椿天然林优势种群的种间联结性研究

基于2×2联列表,应用方差分析,χ2统计检验,Ochiai指数,Dice指数和Cramer指数等系列技术,分别对天然毛红椿林群落乔木层树种的总体相关性,乔木层20个优势树种的种间联结显著性和关联强度进行定量的测定。结果表明:该群落多物种总体关联性为显著的正相关,但毛红椿与乔木层植物种间联结性不显著,说明毛红椿的生长与其他乔木树种间没有直接的内在联系。     

农民协会的建立与完善

建立农民协会不仅受宪法保障,而且是实行民主政治、建立有限政府、构建农村市民社会、发展农村社会主义市场经济的需要。应通过准确定位,完善相关法律法规,加强自身建设等途径,推动农民协会的建立与完善。     

广西银荷木林分类的研究

银荷木林是广西亚热带黄壤山地常见的一类常绿阔叶林 .它是在常绿阔叶林遭受破坏后 ,在保护较好的情况下 ,从演替系列群落顺向演替恢复为常绿阔叶林的一个先期类型 ,并向以栲属林木为主的类型变化 .该文对广西银荷木群系作了较详细的研究 ,划分和论述了 1 0个群丛的基本特点和演替趋向 ,可供进一步研究退化生态系统的恢复和重建参考     

水稻耐淹成苗率相关性状全基因组的关联分析

背景 耐淹成苗率低是限制直播稻产量的重要因素,挖掘高种子活力、低氧萌发能力强的水稻材料是提高耐淹成苗率的关键,但控制耐淹成苗率的遗传位点的挖掘仍然比较有限。目的 利用来源广泛的自然种质,分析影响耐淹成苗率的关键表型性状,挖掘相关的遗传位点和候选基因,为直播稻耐淹成苗机理研究提供一定的理论和材料基础。方法 以200份来源广泛的水稻种质为材料,在有氧环境下进行发芽试验,测量种子发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数;在低氧条件下测量芽鞘长和芽鞘直径;进行耐淹成苗试验,水深10 cm,20 d后测量耐淹成苗率。分析各性状间的相关性,挖掘影响耐淹成苗率的关键性状;利用简化基因组测序对以上6个表型进行全基因组关联分析,鉴定与性状显著关联的SNP位点,并在关联区间内筛选候选基因;对02428和YZX 2份材料进行有氧、无氧以及氧气含量转换条件下的转录组检测,结合全基因组关联分析结果,分析候选基因的表达模式差异。结果 种子活力、芽鞘表型和耐淹成苗率在200份材料间存在广泛的遗传变异,其中,芽鞘长和活力指数的变异系数最大;相关分析结果表明,芽鞘长、活力指数与耐淹成苗率呈极显著正相关;通过全基因组关联分析,共鉴定出8个与活力指数显著关联的位点,15个与芽鞘长显著关联的位点;结合基因组注释,在关联区间筛选出6个与活力指数相关的候选基因,7个与芽鞘长度相关的候选基因;进一步比较13个基因在有氧、无氧及氧气转换条件下的表达模式以及表达量的变化,发现Os02g0657000、Os03g0592500、Os08g0380100表达量变化显著,表现出对氧气处理的敏感性。结论 种子活力、芽鞘长与耐淹成苗率密切相关,可作为筛选高耐淹成苗水稻材料的重要性状。全基因组关联分析、转录组分析与基因表达模式比较的联合应用可提高候选基因的筛选效率。水稻耐淹成苗过程可能受到与逆境胁迫、光合作用相关基因的调控。