独立学院专科人才培养模式探析——从武汉理工大学华夏学院专科人才培养方式分析

发展独立学院,是我国高等教育作为一种混合公共产品的改革与发展过程中的一项重大探索。在新形势下指导独立学院的建设,就是要结合独立学院自身建设和发展的特点,坚持以质量为本的原则,务求以教育教学改革的创新解决独立学院建设与发展过程中遇到的一系列问题和困难。文中以武汉理工大学华夏学院专科人才的培养方式为个案,尝试探索一条新形势下独立学院培养技术型、应用型、务实型专科人才的道路。     

论我国侦查监督权运行规则体系存在的问题及重建

我国检察机关通过行使侦查监督权,努力纠正侦查中的违法行为,有效地维护了被害人、犯罪嫌疑人等各方当事人的正当权益,为确保司法公正、维护社会秩序发挥了应有的作用。然而,目前我国侦查监督权的运行仍存在着许多缺陷和问题,其中既有立法的不完善,也有具体制度的缺陷和实际操作中的问题。因此,有必要重新构建我国侦查监督权运行规则体系,从而使侦查监督机制发挥应有的功效。     

Case of suspected theobromine poisoning in dairy cattle

High-yielding dairy cows collapsed and died displaying signs of a disturbed central nervous system (muscle tremor, convulsion) and a considerably reduced body condition score. An intense diagnostic screening did not allow to confirm a definite diagnosis. Therefore, further analyses including an evaluation of feeds and feeding were initiated. The herd was fed a total mixed ration (TMR) based on corn and grass silage of moderate nutritive value supplemented with various amounts of chocolate chips. In retrospect, the amount of chocolate chips added to the respective TMR batches could not be quantified. These chips were purchased from a company producing bakery and chocolate products for human consumption and added to the silage and therefore to the TMR in order to increase the energy intake of the animals. Because the TMR, which was fed during the time of the incidence, was no longer available, a sample of a later batch of silage was examined. The amount of chocolate chips was quantified (0.44% per fresh matter), and a theobromine analysis was performed in the chocolate chips of the available batch (69.7 mg/100 g fresh matter). Because of the possible link between chocolate intake and observed signs, an immediate cessation of using the chocolate chips was recommended in addition to an optimisation of the TMR, that is an increase of the energy density. Even though the theobromine intake during the time of the incidence is unknown and information about toxicity of theobromine in ruminants is limited, we suspect that the feeding of chocolate in this case caused all signs including the sudden death of the cows. Further reasons are that no differential diagnoses were established and the problems at the farm stopped after removing the chocolate from the TMR.     

基于机器视觉的饲料生产智能包装系统设计与应用研究

为提高饲料生产订单的包装效率、智能化程度、降低包装成本,文章基于机器视觉,从硬件选择与软件设计两个层面设计饲料生产智能包装系统.采用AutoMod软件对饲料生产智能包装系统进行仿真试验,检验整个包装系统效果.结果表明,该智能包装系统包装效率高、关键设备利用率高、系统可靠性、可行性良好.     

10个大黍品种在滇南的适应性及其评价

于2006年对10个大黍(Panicum maximum)品种的生产性能和品质特性进行区域试验研究,旨在筛选出适宜于热带、亚热带地区种植的高产、优质牧草,以期为热区畜牧业的持续发展提供依据。结果表明,1）所引种牧草的存活率、越冬率都在94%以上,说明所引种牧草的适应性强;2）除TD 58坚尼草、坦桑尼亚大黍和热研8号坚尼草感染了叶锈病以外,其他牧草的抗病虫害能力均较强;3）种植第1年,坦桑尼亚大黍干物质产量最高,为45.33 t·hm-2,与MG 7 Aries大黍、MG 6 Atlas大黍、蒙巴萨大黍、热研8号坚尼草、热研9号坚尼草和TD 58坚尼草之间差异不显著;4）选择干草产量、粗蛋白、适口性和抗逆性作为综合评价供试品种优劣的指标,用灰色关联法评价牧草,结果表明,蒙巴萨大黍、坦桑尼亚大黍、热研8号坚尼草、MG 6 Atlas大黍和TD 58坚尼草居前5位,它们属高产、质优、适口性好、抗性强的高产优质牧草品种。     

磷对铝胁迫紫花苜蓿幼苗根系生长和生理特征的影响

为了探究磷对铝胁迫下紫花苜蓿幼苗生长和生理特征的影响,分别用不含和含200 μmol·L^-1磷（P）、100 μmol·L^-1铝（Al）、200 μmol·L^-1 P+100 μmol·L^-1 Al的简易 ［Ca（NO₃）₂］营养液（pH=4.5）处理铝敏感紫花苜蓿品种‘Wl440’幼苗。结果表明,在铝处理中添加磷后,苜蓿幼苗根系和叶片中的铝含量分别比铝处理降低81.53%和61.47%,苜蓿幼苗的根长和根系活力显著提高,叶片电导率和丙二醛（MDA）含量显著下降;光合生理得到明显改善,与铝处理相比,磷添加处理幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和光合速率明显提高,光系统Ⅱ和光系统I的电子传递速率增加;磷添加处理明显提高了铝胁迫苜蓿根系的草酸和苹果酸含量,体内有机酸螯合铝离子的能力增强,光合能力提高。因此,磷能够通过增加根系有机酸含量,改善铝胁迫苜蓿光合系统,从而缓解苜蓿铝毒害。     

Exploring the Role of Management in the Coproduction of Ecosystem Services from Spanish Wooded Rangelands

The wood pastures or hardwood rangelands of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula are complex social-ecological systems created from the long-term interaction of society and the landscape. Dehesa, oak woodlands managed for grazing, cropping, and other forms of production, is the most common rangeland system and one of the most distinctive landscapes. Traditionally characterized by multifunctional low-intensity management that enhances a wide range of ecosystem services, current management has shifted from the traditional toward more intensified models. This paper assesses the coproduction of ecosystem services on dehesa properties by exploring the relationship between biophysical and sociocultural factors and dehesa management practices. Based on 42 surveys we analyze 16 quantitative indicators using multivariate techniques. The results indicate that there are four main dehesa types as defined by their characteristics and management: large heterogeneous operations with diverse products; small and homogeneous operations focused on a reduced number of products; medium-large properties focused on crop production; and midsized properties with easy public access. Management is the result of the dynamics of interacting biophysical and sociocultural factors that influence manager priorities and investments. Management decisions group around the degree of multifunctionality of the operation, the relative importance of crop production, the degree of grazing pressure in the system, and how restrictive public access policy is. We find that in the study area, interactions between all the previously mentioned elements covary consistently, generating bundles of ecosystem services associated with each of three management models based on the intensity of management.     

德系西门塔尔牛育种体系

德系西门塔尔牛又名弗莱维赫,是欧洲著名的乳肉兼用品种。作者重点介绍了弗莱维赫牛遗传评定方法和育种组织体系。在德系西门塔尔牛育种体系中,政府只在宏观上监督育种组织和遗传评定工作。育种协会和人工授精协会遵循市场价格杠杆,通过拍卖等形式充分调动农户的育种积极性,使农户、育种协会和人工授精协会都能在育种过程中获得经济效益,从而保证育种计划的顺利实施。     

The Influence of the Housing System on Salmonella Infections in Laying Hens: A Review

From 2012 onwards, housing of laying hens in conventional battery cages will be forbidden in the European Union and only enriched cages and non‐cage housing systems such as aviaries, floor‐raised, free‐range and organic systems will be allowed. Although this ban aims at improving the welfare of laying hens, it has also initiated the question whether there are any adverse consequences of this decision, especially with respect to the spread and/or persistence of zoonotic agents in a flock. A zoonotic agent that is traditionally associated with the consumption of eggs and egg products is Salmonella enteritidis. This paper provides a summary of the current knowledge regarding the direct and indirect effects of different housing systems on the occurrence and epidemiology of Salmonella in laying hen flocks.